Fabrication of a Movable Obturator Following Maxillary Reconstruction with Slit‐Shaped Fenestration

Extensive maxillary resection has generally been reconstructed with free skin flaps. Because drooping of the transferred flap causes instability of the obturator prosthesis, maxillary reconstruction often incorporates a slit‐shaped oronasal fenestration. Although obturator prostheses for edentulous patients are stabilized with the help of oronasal slits, those for dentate patients are unstable because of flap mobility, resulting in a harmful lateral force exerted on the abutment teeth, causing dislodging of the denture. This report evaluates the benefits of a movable obturator prosthesis for a 60‐year‐old dentulous patient with maxillary sinus carcinoma. The patient underwent left‐sided total maxillectomy, and the defect was reconstructed with a slit‐shaped fenestration using a rectus abdominis flap. A conventional obturator prosthesis was inserted; however, drooping of the flap caused instability of the obturator, resulting in nasal regurgitation and fracture of the clasp. To solve this problem, we designed an obturator prosthesis with a movable connection consisting of a ball attachment (patrix) in the metal base and a socket (matrix) in the obturator, which acted as a stress breaker against the harmful force exerted by the flap. Application of this movable obturator prosthesis was a useful solution for a compromising situation created by the surgical procedure. No clinical disorders were observed at the 3‐year follow‐up.     

Outcomes of emergency in situ laser fenestration-assisted thoracic endovascular aortic repair in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection unfit for open surgery

ObjectiveThis study investigated the outcomes of emergency in situ laser fenestration (ISLF)-assisted thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection unfit for open surgery.MethodsTwenty patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection who were found to be unfit for open surgery, underwent emergency ISLF-assisted TEVAR in our center between March 2016 and December 2018. Anatomic criteria for endovascular repair: coronary artery and aortic valve was not involved, proximal landing zone diameter of 45 mm or less, and proximal landing zone length of 20 mm or greater. Their clinical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsTwenty patients achieved a procedural success of 100.0%. The 30-day mortality was 10%; two patients died, one of severe pneumonia and the other from cerebral hemorrhage after the operation. Rate of stroke at 30 days was 5%. The average follow-up time was 16 months (range, 3-26 months). One death owing to heart failure occurred at 23 months postoperatively. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that the 24-month survival rate was 77.1%. Two patients had type Ia endoleaks and one had a type II endoleak. There was no stent graft migration or fenestration-related endoleak and all patients had a thrombosed false lumen in the covered section of the stent grafts. No reintervention, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral infarction, or other complications occurred during the follow-up period.ConclusionsEmergency ISLF-assisted TEVAR is a safe and effective alternative method for treating acute Stanford type A aortic dissection unfit for open surgery.     

The MRI appearance of the optic nerve sheath following fenestration for benign intracranial hypertension

Optic nerve fenestration is carried out in cases of severe benign intracranial hypertension. This study aimed to monitor the optic nerve sheath appearances and orbital changes that occur following this procedure. The eight patients were all female with an average age of 37.3 years and a range of 20–58 years. The duration of symptoms was 2–6 years. Symptoms included headaches, diplopia and visual obscurations. Examination revealed severe papilledema. All investigations, including MRI, biochemical and immunological tests, were negative. Patients had fenestration of a 2 mm × 3 mm segment of the medial aspect of the optic nerve sheath. Imaging was obtained with a 1 T MRI machine using a head coil. Coronal, axial and sagittal 3 mm contiguous sections using STIR sequences with TR 4900 ms, IT 150 ms and TE 60 ms were obtained. Five patients showed clinical improvement. The post-operative MRI findings in four of these included a decreased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the optic nerve sheaths and a localized collection of fluid within the orbit. There were no MRI changes in the three patients with no clinical improvement. Decreased CSF volume around the optic nerve and a fluid collection within the orbit may indicate a favorable outcome in optic nerve fenestration. Received 23 June 1997; Revision received 16 January 1998; Accepted 18 March 1998     

内镜下针状刀技术在胆胰疾病诊疗中的应用研究

目的探讨内镜下针状刀技术在胆胰疾病诊疗中的应用。方法对2008年1月-2012年12月我科常规ERCP插管困难的102例患者行针状刀乳头括约肌切开术,观察疗效和并发症。结果 92例患者行针状刀切开后插管成功胆管显影,成功率为90.1%。并发症共8例(7.8%)。结论对于插管困难的病例,用针状刀行乳头括约肌切开术,可安全、有效地捉高ERCP诊疗的成功率,值得临床广泛应用。     

有限减压腰椎后部结构重建治疗腰椎管狭窄症

广泛的腰椎后部结构切除治疗腰椎管狭窄后期出现医源性狭窄和腰椎失稳，为解决这一问题，作者设计了“有限减压腰椎后部结构重建术”，治疗节段性腰椎管狭窄。采用腰椎后正中手术切口，剥离一侧骶棘肌，切断棘突剥离对侧椎板，保留了棘上、棘间韧带和一侧组织的完整；手术中采用椎板间孔开窗减压，尽量保留腰椎后部结构骨性组织，切除导致狭窄的病理因素，将切断的棘突复位固定，重建脊柱后部结构。术后随访２０个月以上２８例，本组病人共减压６７个节段，平均每个患者重建２．５个节段。临床按日本骨科学会下腰痛治疗评价标准，改善率６２％～１００％，Ｘ线检查未见术后腰椎失稳。     

6815例腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗方法。方法采用脊神经后支阻滞麻醉屈曲位经椎板间隙侧方入路椎间盘摘除术、双开窗扩大减压治疗中央宽基底型椎间盘突出钙化、小切口开窗潜行减压髓核摘除术等三种方法共治疗腰椎间盘突出症6 815例。结果6 815例患者中5 324例经过半年至14年(平均6.3年)随访,优4 260例(80.02%)、良855例(16.06%)、进步209例(3.92%),优良率达96.08%。随访中X线检查显示手术后相应椎间隙不同程度的变窄,未见腰椎失稳和腰椎滑脱。结论采用的三种方法与传统术式比较创伤小,可最大限度地保留腰椎后部结构的完整性,且手术时间短、康复快。     

Alveolar bone loss around incisors in Class I bidentoalveolar protrusion patients: a retrospective three-dimensional cone beam CT study

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the alveolar bone thickness, bone loss or incidence of fenestrations between upper and lower incisors in skeletal Class I bidentoalveolar protrusive patients before orthodontic treatment.

Methods

Three-dimensional (3D) cone beam CT (CBCT) images were taken of 24 patients from the Republic of Korea (17 females and 7 males). Reformatted CBCT images were used to measure labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness (ABT) of the 4 upper incisors and 4 lower incisors of the 24 patients (total n = 192 incisors) at every 1/10 of root length (Level 0, cementoenamel junction (CEJ) area; Level 10, root apex area) as well as alveolar bone area (ABA) and alveolar bone loss (%BL) rate to dental root length. The numbers of fenestration teeth were also tallied.

Results

All anterior teeth were supported by <1 mm of ABT on the labial surfaces up to root length Level 8. ABA was statistically greater on the lingual aspect than the labial aspect in lower incisors. The %BL was 26.98% in the lower labial region, 19.27% in upper labial aspect and most severe on the lower lingual plate 31.25% compared with the labial plate. There were no significant differences in %BL between subgroups when categorized by sex or age. Fenestrations were 1.37 times more frequent on lower incisors (37) than upper incisors (27).

Conclusion

The null hypothesis was rejected, confirming that incisor periodontal support is poor and alveolar bone loss is severe even prior to the start of orthodontic treatment. Careful diagnosis using 3D CBCT images is needed to avoid iatrogenic degeneration of periodontal support around anterior teeth, particularly in the lower lingual bone plate region.     

骨刀斜形开窗与 UL 开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的：比较骨刀斜行开窗与 UL 开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选择新疆医科大学第六附属医院脊柱外科2005年6月-2011年6月收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者216例,分为 UL 开窗组（A 组,98例）和斜形开窗组（B 组,118例）,对两组的治疗情况和疗效进行比较分析。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生情况和术前 VAS 及 ODI 评分均无统计学差异（P ＞0．05）。两组术后随访 VAS 评分和 ODI评分与术前相比均有明显改善（P ＜0．05）。结论骨刀斜行开窗术与 UL 开窗术对于腰椎间盘突出症疗效相当。骨刀斜形开窗因开窗面积较 UL 开窗小,能更好维持脊柱的稳定性。     

PE-MFD与Endo-LOVE治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效比较

目的比较内镜辅助椎间孔内口入路椎间盘摘除术(Percutaneous endoscopic medial foraminal discectomy,PEMFD)与全内镜下椎板开窗椎间盘摘除术(Full endoscopic fenestration discectomy,Endo-LOVE)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-12—2018-01诊治的78例腰椎间盘突出症,38例采用PE-MFD治疗(PE-MFD组),40例采用Endo-LOVE治疗(Endo-LOVE组)。比较2组手术时间、住院时间、术中透视次数、术中疼痛VAS评分以及术后1周、术后3个月、末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数,比较2组末次随访时的临床疗效。结果 2组均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均16个月。PE-MFD组手术时间较Endo-LOVE组少,术中透视次数较Endo-LOVE组多,术中疼痛VAS评分较Endo-LOVE组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组住院时间、术后1周、术后3个月、末次随访时的疼痛VAS评分以及ODI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时疗效按改良MacNab标准评价2组比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PE-MFD与Endo-LOVE治疗腰椎间盘突出症早期都可取得显著疗效。相对于Endo-LOVE,PE-MFD手术时间较短,但患者术中舒适感较差。