带血管蒂髌骨移位修复膝关节面缺损的应用解剖

目的：研究用带血管蒂髌骨移位的方法修复股骨髁和胫髁关节面缺损。方法：用37例经动脉红色乳胶灌注的下肢标本,经解剖、厚切片和铸型研究髌骨的血供。观察30块髌骨和胫骨内外侧髁关节面的形态和面积。结果：供应髌骨的各支动脉在先在髌骨周围吻合成髌周动脉环,再由该环发支进入髌骨;参与形成髌周动脉环的主要动脉有膝上外动脉、膝下外动脉、膝降动上支,膝降动脉髌下支和膝下内动脉;髌骨关节面与股骨内外侧髁下关节面、胫骨内外侧形态大小相似。结论：带血管蒂骨可以移位至股骨内外侧髁、或胫骨内外侧髁,利用髌骨的关节面修复股骨髁或胫骨髁关节面缺损,以期最大限度地保留膝关节的功能。     

股浅静脉戴戒术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的 用股浅静脉戴戒术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全。方法 本文应用股浅静脉戴戒术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全34例,并应用无创性光电容积描记（PPG）结合临床症状改善状况对手术疗效进行评估。结果 手术前后静脉返流时间（VRT）有显著差异（P＜0．01）,临床症状改善。结论 股浅静脉戴戒术是治疗下肢深静静脉瓣膜功能轻度不全的有效方法,PPG检查结合临床改善程度是判断手术疗效更有效的方法。     

AO髁支撑钢板在股骨远端骨折治疗中的应用

目的　探讨AO髁支撑钢板治疗A型和C型 (AO分类 )股骨远端骨折的临床效果。②方法　应用AO髁支撑钢板治疗股骨远端骨折 18例 (A型 8例 ,C型 8例 ,AC混合型 2例 )。③结果　术后X线检查示 18例均达解剖复位或近解剖复位 ,固定可靠。 3例膝屈曲 45°受限 ,15例住院期间膝屈曲达 90°以上 (占 83.3% )。 11例获0 .5～ 2 .0年随访骨折均愈合。④结论　AO髁支撑钢板和股骨远端的解剖形态较为匹配 ,治疗A型和C型股骨远端骨折可达坚强内固定。     

In Vivo Corrosion of Sleeved Ceramic Femoral Heads: A Retrieval Study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of retrieved sleeved ceramic femoral heads used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and determine qualitative and quantitative damage and corrosion patterns.MethodsAn IRB-approved implant retrieval database was utilized to identify all sleeved ceramic femoral heads collected from 1995 to 2004. There were 16 implants with an average duration of in situ of 70 months (range, 13-241 months). The femoral stem was known in 14 cases and was titanium alloy in each of those cases. None were revised for metal-related complications. Ten implants (63%) were from primary THAs, and 6 (38%) were from revision THAs. Damage and corrosion were qualitatively graded using a modified Goldberg method. A quantitative assessment was performed with a coordinate measurement machine (CMM).ResultsAmong the 16 retrieved implants, 1 (6%) demonstrated severe Grade 4 corrosion, 5 (31%) had moderate Grade 3 corrosion, 5 (31%) had mild Grade 2 corrosion, and 5 (31%) had no visible corrosion at the inner sleeve that interfaces with the stem trunnion. The only case of grade 4 corrosion occurred in the only head-sleeve in the study that was not factory assembled and was mated with a titanium molybdenum zirconium ferrous (TMZF) alloy stem. The mean maximum linear corrosion depth at the taper interface, as measured by the CMM, was 7.7 microns (range, 0.9-32.9 microns).ConclusionThis study is the first to quantify corrosion at the titanium interface of sleeved ceramic femoral heads. Potentially clinically significant damage and corrosion patterns were observed in a few failed retrievals; however, the majority of cases demonstrated minimal or no damage.     

Perioperative Mortality and Periprosthetic Fracture: A Single-Center Experience of 857 Uncemented Hemiarthroplasties for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures

BackgroundUncemented hemiarthroplasty (UHA) for displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF) is favored by some surgeons because of the reduced rate of perioperative mortality and operative time. However higher rates of intraoperative and postoperative periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) have been reported. The aim of the study was to review day-0, day-1, day-2, day-30, and one-year mortality as well as intraoperative and postoperative PPF after UHA for displaced FNF and compare this with cemented hemiarthroplasties (CHAs) performed. Secondary objectives were to assess whether femoral stem geometry and alignment were associated with PPF in UHA.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted of patients treated with a hemiarthroplasty for a displaced FNF over an eleven-year period. Radiographic analysis was conducted of femoral geometry and stem alignment.ResultsOver the 11-year study period, 857 UHAs and 247 CHAs were performed. There were no on-table, day-0, day-1, or day-2 deaths in UHA. Intraoperative PPF occurred in 3.6% UHA and 2% CHA and postoperative PPF in 2.4% UHA and 4.8% CHA. Intraoperative PPF was not associated with increased mortality (P = .15), postoperative PPF, or all-cause revision in UHA. Valgus stem alignment was a risk factor for a postoperative PPF and additional surgery in UHA (P = .004).ConclusionUHA was associated with no perioperative deaths and a 30-day mortality rate of 5% in this series. It can be considered in patients with multiple medical comorbidities. Careful surgical planning and technique is important to optimize stem alignment particularly in Dorr C type femurs.     

Wide Awake Open Carpal Tunnel Release: The Effect of Local Anesthetics in the Postoperative Outcome

Introduction  Wide awake open carpal tunnel decompression is a procedure performed under local anesthesia. This study aimed to present the effect of various local anesthetics in peri and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing this procedure. Materials and Methods  A total of 140 patients, with 150 hands involved, underwent carpal tunnel release under local anesthesia. Patients were divided in five groups according to local anesthetic administered: lidocaine 2%, ropivacaine 0.75%, ropivacaine 0.375%, chirocaine 0.5%, and chirocaine 0.25%. Total 400 mg of gabapentin were administered to a subgroup of 10 cases from each group (50 cases totally), 12 hours before surgery. Patients were evaluated immediately, 2 weeks and 2 months after surgery according to VAS pain score, grip strength, and two-point discrimination. Results  In all patients, pain and paresthesia improved significantly postoperatively, while the use of gabapentin did not affect outcomes. Grip strength recovered and exceeded the preoperative value 2 months after surgery, without any difference between the groups. No case of infection, hematoma, or revision surgery was reported. Conclusion  Recovery after open carpal tunnel release appears to be irrelevant of the type of local anesthetic used during the procedure. Solutions of low local anesthetic concentration (lidocaine 2%, ropivacaine 0.375%, and chirocaine 0.25%) provide adequate intraoperative analgesia without affecting the postoperative course.