受试者管理中研究护士的职责探讨

目的 探讨研究护士在临床试验中的地位和作用。方法 研究护士从获取知情同意、数据收集、协助试验管理等方面行使职责。结果 对确保临床试验的伦理合理性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要保证作用。结论 管理好受试者是临床试验研究中面临的难题,而研究护士的设立是破解这一难题的有效措施。     

个案研讨式沙龙在老年患者护理骨干培训中的应用效果

目的探讨个案研讨式沙龙在老年患者护理骨干培训中的应用及效果。方法 2012年6-9月南方医科大学珠江医院举办护理人员老年患者护理专项进修班,从各个专科老年人的常见病、重点需要解决的问题、难点入手,通过个案研讨、统一规范的组织形式安排组织了7次个案研讨式沙龙活动。在沙龙开展前和最后一次沙龙结束时进行问卷调查,并评价培训效果。结果 33名学员中,26名(占78.8%)学员在参加本期护理沙龙前没有参加过其他形式的护理沙龙;对本期沙龙的形式及内容安排的满意率为100%,认为总体收获较大的32名(占97.0%)学员认为个案研讨式沙龙对提高临床实践能力比较有效,33名(100%)学员认为对提高全院老年患者护理整体水平和科室间合作非常重要;参加个案研讨式沙龙前后,学员的老年患者护理相关能力自评总分分别为(33.98±8.564)分、(51.87±6.668)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.549,P<0.01),且老年患者护理相关能力13个自评项目的评分均高于参加前,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论个案研讨式沙龙对提高临床老年患者护理骨干临床实践能力、促进理论向实践转化起到了积极的作用,在今后的护理骨干培养中可以进一步推广并实施。     

Total ankle replacement in patients under the age of 50. Should the indications be revised?

BackgroundHigh physical demand and young age are currently considered contraindications for total ankle replacement. This study aimed to compare its results between patients under the age of 50 and those aged 50 or older.Methods103 patients derived from an ongoing prospective multicentric study with a mean follow-up of 41 (range, 24–72) months were included in this study. Clinical status (AOFAS score), range of motion (ROM), complication and survivorship rates were compared between <50 and ≥50 patients.ResultsROM and AOFAS score were significantly higher, as were their increases relatively to pre-operative values in patients <50. Complication and survivorship rates were comparable between both groups.ConclusionsAt medium-term, ankle replacement is at least as effective in patients under the age of 50 as in those with aged 50 or older. Long-term results will allow to assess whether surgical indications for should be revised.     

A Descriptive Study of Women Presenting to an Obstetric Triage Unit With No Prenatal Care

ObjectiveTo describe women presenting to an obstetric triage unit with no prenatal care (PNC), to identify gaps in care, and to compare care provided to World Health Organization (WHO) standards.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of women who gave birth at Women’s Hospital in Winnipeg and were discharged between April 1, 2008, and March 31, 2011, and identified those whose charts were coded with ICD-10 code Z35.3 (inadequate PNC) or who had fewer than 2 PNC visits. Three hundred eighty-two charts were identified, and sociodemographic characteristics, PNC history, investigations, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The care provided was compared with WHO guidelines.ResultsOne hundred nine women presented to the obstetric triage unit with no PNC; 96 (88.1%) were in the third trimester. Only 39 women (35.8%) received subsequent PNC, with care falling short of WHO standards. Gaps in PNC included missing time-sensitive screening tests, mid-stream urine culture, and Chlamydia and gonorrhea testing. The mean maternal age was 26.1 years, and 93 women (85.3%) were multigravidas. More than one half of the women (51.4%) were involved with Child and Family Services, 64.2% smoked, 33.0% drank alcohol, and 32.1% used illicit drugs during pregnancy. Two thirds of the women (66.2%) lived in inner-city Winnipeg. Only 63.0% of neonates showed growth appropriate for gestational age. Two pregnancies ended in stillbirth; there was one neonatal death, and over one third of the births were preterm.ConclusionMost women who present with no PNC do so late in pregnancy, proceed to deliver with little or no additional PNC, and have high rates of adverse outcomes. Thus, efforts to improve PNC must focus on facilitating earlier entry into care. This would also improve compliance with WHO guidelines for continuing care. Treatment protocols could improve gaps in obtaining urine culture and in Chlamydia and gonorrhea testing.