Hoffa's recess: incidence, morphology and differential diagnosis of the globular-shaped cleft in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee on MRI and cadaver dissections

We frequently observed a fluid-like indentation at the inferior posterior margin of Hoffa's fat pad of the knee and sought to establish the incidence and differential diagnostic criteria of this cleft. In total, 133 MRI studies and 35 cadaver specimens were analyzed for the location, size, and shape of clefts at the inferior posterior margin of Hoffa's fat pad. The incidence of a fluid-like ovoid cleft on MR images was 13.5% and in cadavers 14.3%. The cleft was located just below the insertion of the infrapatellar synovial fold (plica synovialis infrapatellaris, ligamentum mucosum). More linear-shaped indentations at the posterior margin were visible in all patients and cadavers due to the horizontal course of the alar folds. A fluid-filled indentation within the inferior posterior margin of Hoffa's fat pad has to be expected in more than 10% of knee studies and should not be confused with tumors like ganglion cysts. We term this cleft the infrahoffatic recess. One hypothesis of its origin concerns the embryological regression process of the infrapatellar membrane into the infrapatellar synovial fold. It should not be confused with linear clefts due to the alar folds.     

低氧和(或)高糖对小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞Neuro-2a活性的影响及自噬机制研究

目的观察低氧和(或)高糖对小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞Neuro-2a活性的影响,并探讨其自噬相关机制。方法 Neuro-2a细胞分为4组:正常对照组、高糖组、低氧组和高糖低氧组。使用MTS方法检测细胞活性;透射电镜、免疫印记、免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞自噬水平。结果相较于正常对照组,低氧组、高糖低氧组的Neuro-2a细胞活性明显下降(P0.01),胞质内LC3B蛋白明显聚集;细胞内自噬囊泡样物质增加;自噬相关蛋白LC3B-Ⅱ、P62蛋白水平均升高(P0.05)。自噬抑制剂(bafilomycin A1)处理后,正常对照组、高糖组Neuro-2a细胞LC3B-Ⅱ、P62蛋白水平升高(P0.05),活性显著下降(P0.01)。结论低氧可以降低Neuro-2a细胞活性,可能是通过抑制自噬降解途径发挥作用。     

肝移植术后早期脂肪乳剂支持治疗对移植肝功能影响的临床研究

目的　研究含脂肪乳剂的肠外营养 (TPN)对肝移植受体肝脏功能的影响。方法　选择2 0 0 1年 9月～ 2 0 0 4年 6月期间在我所肝移植中心住院行肝移植手术治疗的患者 ,取符合标准的 30例作为研究对象 ,随机分组 ,进行前瞻性的临床研究。肝移植术后 6h开始给予单糖或脂肪乳剂和单糖联合功能的TPN(分别为Glu对照组和MCT/LCT组 ) ,TPN期为 7d ,期间严格禁食。于TPN后第 1、4、7、10、30、90及 180天收集标本 ,检测血ALT、AST、GGT、TBil及DBil。结果　TPN支持后MCT/LCT和Glu组ALT、AST、GGT、TBil及DBil水平均呈现下降趋势 ,与单糖组相比 ,脂肪乳组降低迅速。结论　含脂肪乳的TPN较单糖TPN更有利于促进移植肝早期功能恢复     

3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备测量非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脏质子密度脂肪分数的一致性

目的评估在3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备上测量非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者的肝脏质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)的一致性.资料与方法前瞻性收集2018年9月—2019年7月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院经病理诊断为NAFLD患者30例,均于同一天先后在3台不同厂家3.0T MR设备(Philips Ingenia,...     

Perivascular fat attenuation for predicting adverse cardiac events in stable patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography

BackgroundInflammation surrounding the coronary arteries can be non-invasively assessed using pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT). While PCAT holds promise for further risk stratification of patients with low coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence, its value in higher risk populations remains unknown.MethodsCORE320 enrolled patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with known or suspected CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images were collected for 381 patients for whom clinical outcomes were assessed 5 years after enrollment. Using semi-automated image analysis software, PCAT was obtained and normalized for the right coronary (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The association between PCAT and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow up was assessed using Cox regression models.ResultsThirty-seven patients were excluded due to technical failure. For the remaining 344 patients, median age was 62 (interquartile range, 55–68) with 59% having ≥1 coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Mean attenuation values for PCAT in RCA, LAD, and LCx were ?74.9, ?74.2, and ?71.2, respectively. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for normalized PCAT in the RCA, LAD, and LCx for MACE were 0.96 (CI: 0.75–1.22, p ?= ?0.71), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.96–1.78, p ?= ?0.09), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78–1.22, p ?= ?0.84), respectively. For death, stroke, or myocardial infarction only, hazard ratios were 0.68 (0.44–1.07), 0.85 (0.56–1.29), and 0.57 (0.41–0.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected CAD, PCAT did not predict MACE during long term follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of PCAT with CAD risk.     

轴状脂肪移植的实验和初步临床研究

目的通过与Coleman方法比较,探讨轴状脂肪移植方法的可行性。方法采用Coleman方法及轴状脂肪移植方法,分别于11例拟行头面部脂肪移植患者的下腹部抽取脂肪。取3～4周龄免疫缺陷裸鼠48只,雌雄不限,体重8.6～12.2 g;随机分为两组,每组24只。以背部皮下间隙为移植受区,实验组移植0.5 mL轴状脂肪移植方法获得的人体脂肪组织,对照组移植0.5 mL Coleman方法获得的人体脂肪组织。术后大体观察实验动物背部外观,于1、2、4、8周两组随机处死6只裸鼠,取出背部皮下移植脂肪进行大体、组织学及免疫组织化学染色观察,并于取出脂肪前后对裸鼠称重,计算移植脂肪重量。脂肪抽取术后即刻取脂肪组织进行葡萄糖转移实验和脂肪细胞活性测定。2010年5月-2011年10月,临床应用面部轴状脂肪移植治疗11例局部凹陷性畸形。结果术后实验组裸鼠背部隆起样外观基本维持,对照组2周时已趋于平坦。两组植入脂肪重量相似(P>0.05);除术后2周外,其余各时间点实验组残余脂肪重量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。组织学观察示实验组细胞形态保持良好,血管分布均匀;对照组细胞破坏再吸收显著,血管集中分布于移植组织边缘。术后实验组完整脂肪细胞计数均明显多于对照组,除术后2周外其余各时间点组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组毛细血管计数均少于对照组,术后1、2周比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但4、8周时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轴状脂肪移植方法抽取的脂肪组织葡萄糖转移量为(1.462±0.080)mmol/L,显著高于Coleman方法抽取的脂肪组织(1.153±0.199)mmol/L(t=3.317,Ρ=0.021);且轴状脂肪移植方法抽取的脂肪组织细胞活性更佳。临床应用患者均获随访,随访时间2～9个月;随访期间受区未见明显萎缩及塌陷。结论与Coleman方法比较,轴状脂肪移植方法获得的脂肪组织可保持原结构和良好活性,移植术后能更早与受区建立血液循环,术后组织再吸收率低,形态维持时间长。     

自体颗粒脂肪移植在丰唇中的应用研究

目的:观察自体颗粒脂肪移植丰唇在上下唇的临床效果。方法:局部肿胀麻醉后,利用注射器抽吸腹部或大腿内侧皮下脂肪颗粒,进行离心后,注射填充在上下红唇部。结果,采用自体颗粒脂肪移植治疗薄唇36例,其中5例进行2次填充。其余31例填充1次,均达到理想效果。结论:利用自体颗粒脂肪移植丰唇是一种理想并有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

脂肪注射移植后皮肤质地改善的研究

目的:通过皮下脂肪注射移植,探索移植脂肪对皮肤质地的改善作用。方法:取30只裸鼠,随机分成三组,所有鼠左侧皮下移植人脂肪细胞,在另一侧10只注射硅凝胶,10仅行皮下穿刺,剩下10只无任何处置,8周取皮肤组织做HE、Masson’染色观察皮肤真皮层厚度及真皮层内胶原蛋白的含量。结果:取材时,所有裸鼠上都能看到所移植的脂肪,但体积较术前有较明显缩小。肉眼看,脂肪呈正常外观,有较多新生血管生成。组织学检测,移植脂肪外周有大量细胞外基质形成,实验侧真皮层较对照侧明显增厚,真皮内胶原含量增多。结论:移植的脂肪组织不仅仅是一种填充物,在改善轮廓的同时,还有真皮增厚、胶原含量增加等皮肤改善的效应。     

Tumor like swellings arising from Hoffa's fat pad: A report of three patients

We report three rare cases of tumor-like conditions arising from Hoffa''s fat pad (HFP). Patients were having persistent knee pain, the cause of which was not diagnosed by the general physician, and then were referred to us for knee pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the lesions to be arising from HFP (ganglion cysts and hemangioma), as was suggested by clinical findings. Anatomy, pathology, and radiological features of the Hoffa''s disease are described here to increase awareness in orthopedic community of this rare but interesting disease which is often misdiagnosed as meniscal pathology. These cases illustrate that increased cognizance can facilitate timely intervention which will prevent morbidity of the patient.