A case-control study of major congenital heart defects in Sweden — 1981–1986

This paper reports the results of a case-control study of major congenital heart defects (CHD) in Sweden. During the period 1981–1986, 1,324 such cases were identified and 2,648 controls were selected. Some common maternal characteristics and exposures were studied using information from prospectively collected data. Possible associations with CHD were found for previous perinatal death, maternal diabetes, epilepsy, hydramnios and disproportion between fetus and pelvis. More specific associations were observed between previous spontaneous abortion, epilepsy, hydramnios and truncus anomalies and between diabetes and septal anomalies. However, no associations were found with involuntary childlessness, contraceptive use, or smoking.Abbreviations ASD atrial septal defect - CHD congenital heart defect - CI confidence interval - CoA coarctation of the aorta - DORY double outlet right ventricle - ECD endocardial cushion defect - HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome - IUD intrauterine device - LMP last menstrual period - OC oral contraceptive - OR odds ratio - PDA patent ductus arteriosus - TGV transposition of the great vessels - VSD ventricular septal defect     

带血管蒂足内侧皮瓣修复足后踝皮肤缺损

目的 报告采用带血管蒂足内侧皮瓣修复踝后侧皮肤缺损的结果。方法 在解剖研究的基础上,根据缺损大小沿足内侧轴线设计皮瓣,首先解剖足底内侧血管神经束,再游离深支的内侧支及伴行静脉,沿舟状骨骨膜及胫后肌腱浅层切取皮瓣。结果 11例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣面积6cm×6cm-7cm×9cm,随访2-4年,外形及功能恢复满意。结论 带血管蒂足内侧皮瓣薄而柔软,特别适用于修复踝关节后侧的皮肤缺损。     

组织工程颅骨缺损修复过程中超微结构观察

目的 用组织工程骨修复SD大鼠颅骨极量骨缺损，并在透射电镜下观察骨修复过程中成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞与陶瓷支架的关系。方法 14只雄性SD大鼠，随机分成实验组和对照组，每组7只。取左侧腔、股骨骨髓，体外诱导培养骨髓基质细胞。实验组将已分化的成骨细胞与含孔磷酸钙陶瓷复合用于修复大鼠自体颅骨极量骨缺损；对照组颅骨缺损处仅置入无细胞的陶瓷材料。分别于术后4、8、12、16、20、24及28周每组各处死1只动物取材，制成脱钙超薄切片，透射电镜下观察成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞与陶瓷残余支架的关系。结果 实验组动物颅骨修复12周前成骨细胞或成骨细胞样细胞毗邻新生小血管、血管内皮细胞存在，16周后成骨细胞转变为骨细胞，并围绕血管被包埋于骨基质及胶原纤维中；陶瓷残余与新生骨间有一条明显的钙化沉积带，大量胶原纤维已伸入到陶瓷支架的纳米级结构中。对照组陶瓷中央部位有大量小血管及血管内皮细胞增生，其周围多为幼稚成纤维细胞，无成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞的依附关系。结论 新型含孔磷酸钙陶瓷作为组织工程细胞支架，其间的纳米级结构有利于骨的再生和血管形成；未见来源于植骨床血管的内皮细胞衍变为成骨细胞。     

Platelet aggregation,disc haemorrhage and progressive loss of visual fields in glaucoma

Platelet aggregationin vitro, deterioration of visual field defects (VFD) and the prevalence of disc haemorrhages (DH) were assessed in 49 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and compared with the findings for 67 individuals with suspected glaucoma (GS) in a seven-year follow-up study (range 5.8 to 8.2 years). The percentage patients with spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was higher for POAG patients with visual field deterioration (60%) than both POAG patients without progressive loss of visual fields (12.5%; P<0.005) and those with suspected glaucoma (22.4%; P<0.005). The occurrence of DH was higher among POAG patients with progressive loss of visual field (28%) compared to the GS group (8.4%; P<0.025) and the group of patients consisting of POAG patients without deterioration of VFD and GS (9.9%; P<0.05). DH also occurred more often in patients with low tension glaucoma (41.6%) than in the remaining POAG patients (13.5%; P<0.05). No relation between the patients with SPA and the patients with DH was observed.Abbreviations NPB normal platelet behavior - SPA spontaneous platelet aggregation - DH disc haemorrhage     

Eyelid movements during blinking in patients with Parkinson's disease.

We examined eyelid movements during spontaneous, voluntary, and trigeminal reflex blinks in 16 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) off medication and 14 controls. Voluntary and reflex blink amplitudes tended to be smaller than normal for PD patients, whereas eyelid kinematics (amplitude-maximum velocity relationship) for all three blink types were normal. Spontaneous blink rate was less than normal for 10 patients and abnormally high for 6 patients. A significant positive correlation between spontaneous blink amplitude and blink rate was found. These observations suggest that PD modifies the gain of a premotor blink circuit shared by spontaneous, voluntary, and reflex blinks.     

自体颅骨碎片及屑修补颅骨缺损(附60例报告)

应用自体颅骨碎片及骨屑对60例在造成颅骨缺损术同时行颅骨缺损修补术。缺损面积直径最小者2cm,最大者10cm。术后随访1个月至5年,病人颅骨缺损修补处外观正常,无凹陷,触之硬,与正常颅骨处类似。6个月拍X线片示颅骨修补处类似正常颅骨形态。     

脱钙冻干骨修复种植周骨缺损的扫描电镜观察

目的比较脱钙冻干骨(DFDB)、脱钙冻干骨复合人重组骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)、脱钙冻干骨联合钛膜的骨修复能力。方法 3条犬股骨种植体周形成4 mm×3 mm×3 mm的骨缺损,分别植入上述3种不同材料。术后4、8、12周分期处死动物,取含种植体的骨段进行扫描电镜观察,观察新骨形成情况及其与种植体之间的缝隙。结果 DFDB可单独用于修复种植体周骨缺损,但成骨作用较慢;DFDB+rhBMP-2和DFDB+钛膜能较早诱导新骨形成,加速骨整合过程。结论DFDB是一种较理想的骨修复材料,复合rhBMP-2或与钛膜联用时效果更佳。     

髂骨复合皮瓣治疗骨缺损13例

严重创伤可造成骨缺损或软组织缺损,临床上较为常见。传统手术常采用Ⅰ期皮瓣修复,消灭创面。Ⅱ期植骨常诱发局部感染,植骨后吸收,多次手术,甚至引起严重感染、皮肤坏死,甚至截肢。随着显微外科技术发展及骨折固定技术提高,自2001年,我们采用髂骨复合皮瓣治疗骨缺损13例,获得良     

重睑成形术结合眉埋线固定法治疗上睑皮肤松弛

目的介绍一种埋线法固定眉,结合重睑成形术治疗中青年上睑皮肤松弛的手术方案。方法应用3-0无损伤线皮内缝合,固定眉于眉骨骨膜上,再结合重睑成形术,去除上睑多余的皮肤,共治疗29例上睑皮肤松弛的患者。结果本组29例患者,术后Ⅰ期愈合。21例患者术后随访6个月至2年,均获得满意效果,上睑明显年轻化,无并发症。结论重睑成形术结合眉埋线固定法治疗上睑皮肤松弛,是一种简单有效的上睑年轻化治疗方案。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断房间隔缺损64例与手术对比探讨

目的 研究彩色多普勒超声诊断房间隔缺损(ASD)的准确性。方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的64例ASD患者的超声检查结果并和手术结果对照。结果 64例患者中有1例三房心合并房间隔缺损畸形，1例合并右下肺静脉异位引流漏诊，术前超声正确诊断63例，定性诊断准确率达98．4％，有1例混合型定位不准确，定位准确率在98．4％，而且64例患者中超声检查结果显示在无合并其他畸形时房间缺损大小与右心系统扩大及肺动脉扩张呈正相关关系。结论 ASD是以右室容量超负荷为特征，彩色多普勒超声是诊断房间隔缺损的首选检查方法，并具有较高的准确性。