An inverted ankle joint orientation at foot strike could incite ankle inversion sprain: Comparison between injury and non-injured cutting motions of a tennis player

Ankle sprain is very common in sports. Research on its prevention is as important as on its treatment as recommended in the 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium. Successful prevention depends on the understanding of its mechanism, which has been presented with quantities in some recent case reports. Inciting event was suggested to be an inverted ankle joint at foot strike, however, is still lacking evidence from comparison with non-injury trials. This study investigated the ankle joint orientation at foot strike in successful non-injury cases and compared them with a previously analysed ankle sprain injury case. Two injury-free cutting motions with similar movement approach to a previously analysed ankle sprain injury performed by the same athlete were collected from an online search and were trimmed from 0.05 s before until 0.30 s after the foot strike. The video sequences were then processed by video editing software and then analysed by a model-based image-matching motion analysis technique. Ankle joint orientation at foot strike and the profiles were presented in inversion, plantarflexion and rotation planes, for both the previously analysed injury case and the two non-injury cases. The ankle joint orientation at foot strike was 0–1 degree inverted and 10–21° dorsiflexed in the two non-injury cases, compared to 14° inverted and 16° plantarflexed in the previously analysed injury case. From the case comparison, it can be observed that an inverted ankle joint orientation at foot strike in an inciting event of ankle inversion sprain.     

Simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral tibial tubercle fractures

PurposeTibial tubercle/tuberosity fractures are rare injuries in young patients accounting for less than one percent of physeal fractures. Bilateral simultaneous fractures are even rarer, with only a few case reports in literature. The purpose of our study was to describe the largest case series of bilateral simultaneous tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures and compare it with unilateral fractures. We also wanted to compare our bilateral fractures case series with all the cases reported in the last 65 years.MethodsIRB approved retrospective study involving patients under age 18 years with tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures. Bilateral simultaneous fractures were compared to a unilateral group including demographic data, mechanism of injury, clinical exam findings, complication rates, and outcomes including return to function. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact tests to compare the different groups.Results138 patients (131 males, 7 females) from a tertiary children’s hospital between 2012 and 2019 with tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures were included. 11 bilateral simultaneous fractures (BL Group) were identified and compared to age matched cohort from the 127 unilateral fracture patients (UL group). There was no significant difference found in BMI, height, weight, age, sex, mechanism of injury, return to functional range of motion, and return to sports between the groups. 7/11 (63%) of the patients in the BL group who sustained simultaneous fractures had to be home bound and could not attend school for an average of 8.3 weeks. There was a higher rate of complications in the BL group (63.3%) compared to the UL group (21.1%), which was statistically significant. The most common complications in the bilateral group were hardware removal and wound dehiscence.ConclusionThis first case series comparing unilateral versus bilateral simultaneous tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures suggests that the final outcomes of the two groups are similar, however it shows a significantly higher complication rate and hardware removal rate in the BL group. This study is also the first to highlight the significant initial morbidity in the BL fracture group with issues with regards to early mobility and loss of school-days. Keeping in mind the profound initial impact the bilateral injury poses to the patient; surgeons can possibly plan for rigid fixation for early mobilization to better prepare bilateral fracture patients for the early post-operative recovery process.     

3种抗肿瘤有毒蒙药的研究进展

随着社会发展和生活水平的提高,恶性肿瘤已经成为影响人类健康的重大疾病之一。有毒蒙药在治疗疾病及救治疑难杂症中具有重要作用。多种有毒蒙药有一定的抗肿瘤作用,且有着良好的治疗效果,但由于其本身的毒性,使其在临床上的应用受到很大的限制。蒙医在实践中不断摸索出有毒蒙药的多种减毒方法,如采用配伍、炮制等减毒手段进行处理,以达到降低毒性、提高疗效的作用。通过对3种代表性有毒蒙药斑蝥Mylabris、草乌Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix、瑞香狼毒Stellerae Chamaejasmes Radix的抗肿瘤作用、毒性机制及减毒策略进行综述,为其临床用药及新药开发提供依据。     

有机溶液环境下中药成分的纳滤分离机制及适用性研究策略

随着有机溶液在中药制药领域应用的逐渐普遍,涉及到提取、醇沉、树脂洗脱剂成分制备等环节,从而衍生出衔接性的热处理精制引起中药成分转化、溶剂污染等问题。纳滤具有常温化分离优势,但适用于水溶液的分离模型在有机溶液中存在明显的局限性。通过综述纳滤分离机制,结合复杂溶液体系下中药成分的真实状态和传质行为,以期发现适用于有机溶液环境的中药成分纳滤分离研究策略,提升纳滤技术在中药制药领域的适用性,推动中药资源的合理化利用。     

Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure,function, and inhibition

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero-dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.     

医药类高校科技成果转化管理机制对转化绩效的影响分析——以江苏省四所高校为例

目的:了解医药类高校科技成果转化管理机制对转化绩效的影响。方法:便利抽样,选取江苏省四所医药类高校(南京中医药大学、南京医科大学、中国药科大学、徐州医科大学)的413位科研人员进行问卷调查。结果:投入机制、评价机制、环境特征、激励机制与科技成果转化绩效呈正相关关系,而运行机制、个体特征对医药类院校科技成果转化绩效无显著性影响。结论:应完善多渠道、多元化的科技成果转化的投入机制,加大科技成果转化的激励力度,积极发挥评价机制的引领作用,并优化医药类高校科技成果转化的外部条件。     

甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水     

Chromosomal mapping of an alcC disruption with respect to amdA in Aspergillus nidulans

Summary We report the use of the riboB gene for a gene replacement in the alcC gene of Aspergillus nidulans, and show by reverse genetics that the alcC gene is very closely linked to the amdA gene.     

丝光沸石催化剂上正己烷异构化反应机理

以轻质烷烃异构化中试放大用的丝光沸石催化剂为研究对象,运用“原位”红外反应技术和催化剂活性评价手段,并结合反应动力学参数计算,探讨了正已烷异构化反应机理。结果表明,可用五配位反应中间物种机理解释正碳离子的生成。用双分子六元环反应中间物机理能较好地解释正已烷在氢型丝光沸石(HM)上的异构化过程。对正已烷在Pd/HM上的反应过程也可用正碳离子机理结合双分子六元环中间物机理解释。     

多孔结构聚合物乳胶粒

介绍了多孔结构乳胶粒的制备方法、表征手段以及成孔机理。着重阐述了“碱酸分段处理法”中不饱和酸与交联剂的种类与用量、以及碱酸处理条件等因素对乳胶粒成孔的影响。