影响视网膜静脉阻塞及黄斑中心视网膜厚度改变的因素分析

目的:分析不同危险因素对视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)发病的影响,同时观察并研究不同因素对黄斑中心视网膜厚度(CRT)的影响。方法:回顾性研究。收集2016-09/2019-04我院眼科就诊的RVO患者79例79眼作为RVO组,并根据CRT是否大于369μm将其分为高CRT组(26眼)和低CRT组(53眼)。收集同时期入院拟行白内障手术患者59例59眼作为对照组。统计分析RVO发病危险因素以及影响CRT改变的因素。结果:与对照组相比,RVO组中高血压、颈动脉斑块以及高同型半胱氨酸血症有差异(P<0.05)。不同CRT分组间分析结果则显示中央部位阻塞和吸烟史有差异(P<0.05)。结论:高血压、颈动脉斑块、高同型半胱氨酸血症是RVO发病的危险因素。而中央部位阻塞以及吸烟史是影响CRT厚度改变的因素。     

外周电刺激对脊髓损伤后慢性中枢性疼痛的抑制作用

目的 探讨外周电刺激抑制脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛的可能机制。方法 将脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛的雄性SD大鼠24只随机分成不插入不锈钢针组（A组）、在相应穴位插入不锈钢针而不行外周电刺激（PES）组（B组）、在相应穴位插入不锈钢针行PES组（C组），每组8只，另选取正常大鼠8只作为对照组（D组）。通过机械性痛敏压力阈值（PWPT）和热痛敏潜伏期（PWL）对其伤害性刺激的痛觉过敏进行评价，同时观察其自发痛行为现象（包括自噬、搔抓等），然后，经后肢和背部标准穴位插入不锈钢针对中枢性疼痛大鼠行PES，通过免疫组化检测脊髓背角N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体亚单位表达的变化。结果 与其他两组相比，C组大鼠中枢性疼痛得以缓解，PWPT及PWL显著增高（P〈0．01），且NR—1表达显著降低（P〈0．01），3组大鼠脊髓背角NR—1表达比正常大鼠明显增多（P〈0．01）。结论 外周电刺激对脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛具有抑制作用。     

呼吸道变应性炎症

变应性鼻炎和哮喘等呼吸道变应性炎症存在共同的炎症反应机制。本文重点介绍变应性炎症的遗传学基础、免疫病理学、上下呼吸道炎症的相互作用以及治疗的相关性     

Validation of the Defining Characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Airway Clearance

The investigators designed this validation study to determine the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis ineffective airway clearance. Using Fehring's Diagnostic Content Validity Model, 546 nurses who care for respiratory clients validated one major and 19 minor defining characteristics. Nine characteristics previously described in the literature were eliminated. Clarification of the defining characteristics of this diagnosis improves communication in practice, education and research.     

On-line computer estimation of carbon dioxide response curves

Anesthesiologists are concerned with the effect of various anesthetics on a patient's central nervous ventilatory control. The most widely accepted method of determining the effect of a drug is to compare carbon dioxide response curves ( e/PetCO₂, where e = minute ventilation [in L/min] andPetCO₂ = end-tidal carbon dioxide [in mm Hg]) measured before and after administration of the drug. Additional information concerning neuromechanical control can be obtained by also including a measure of the airway occlusion pressure (generally measured 100 ms after occlusion, i.e., P₁₀₀).To facilitate these measurements we have developed a portable, computer-controlled data acquisition system. It includes an Apple II+ computer and measures e,PetCO₂, and P₁₀₀. Each subject rebreathes exhaled carbon dioxide through a two-way breathing valve attached to a 9-liter reservoir, which is initially filled with 5% carbon dioxide and balance oxygen. Exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations are measured with an infrared medical gas analyzer on samples taken through a catheter connected at the mouthpiece. The exhaled flow is measured with a pneumotachograph in conjunction with a differential pressure transducer, and P₁₀₀ is determined with a Validyne MP45 pressure transducer.     

一次性2ml注射器在中心静脉导管引流中的应用

胸腔积液、腹水是临床常见的症状，需置管进行引流。传统方法是单腔中心静脉导管穿刺成功后通过灭菌橡胶管或输血器、输液器连接引流袋。我科2005年改用一次性2ml注射器为连接器，取得满意效果，现报告如下。     

不同医用磁共振成像设备在中枢神经系统的临床图像质量评价与比较研究

目的对不同型号医用MRI成像设备进行中枢神经系统的临床图像质量评价与比较研究。材料与方法根据美国放射学会2013年颁布的MRI图像质量认证指南,共收集全国40余家医疗机构的531例中枢神经系统平扫MRI图像,对其4个常见序列进行临床图像质量Likert 5级评分;并将样本分为国产组与进口组,以及1.5 T组与3.0 T组进行比较研究。结果 3.0 T组大多数图像质量评价指标优于1.5 T组(P<0.05)。1.5 T组中,进口亚组大多数指标优于国产亚组(P<0.05);3.0 T组中,国产与进口亚组大多数指标差异无统计学意义。1.5 T组中,选取国产设备(联影)与进口设备(西门子、GE)分别比较,国产设备部分指标优于进口设备,部分指标仍与进口设备有一定差距。结论在中枢神经系统MRI临床图像质量中,3.0 T设备总体优于1.5 T设备,国产设备在某些方面优于进口设备,但整体水平仍与进口设备有一定差距。     

Volatiles or TIVA: Which is the standard of care for pediatric airway procedures? A pro‐con discussion

Anesthesia for pediatric airway procedures constitutes a true art form that requires training and experience. Communication between anesthetist and surgeon to establish procedure goals is essential in determining the most appropriate anesthetic management. But does the mode of anesthesia have an impact? Traditionally, inhalational anesthesia was the most common anesthesia technique used during airway surgery. Introduction of agents used for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) such as propofol, short‐acting opioids, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine has driven change in practice. Ongoing debates abound as to the advantages and disadvantages of volatile‐based anesthesia versus TIVA. This pro‐con discussion examines both volatiles and TIVA, from the perspective of effectiveness, safety, cost, and environmental impact, in an endeavor to justify which technique is the best specifically for pediatric airway procedures.     

Emerging trends,techniques, and equipment for airway management in pediatric patients

Pediatric patients present unique anatomic and physiologic considerations in airway management, which impose significant physiologic limits on safe apnea time before the onset of hypoxemia and subsequent bradycardia. These issues are even more pronounced for the pediatric difficult airway. In the last decade, the development of pediatric sized supraglottic airways specifically designed for intubation, as well as advances in imaging technology such that current pediatric airway equipment now finally rival those for the adult population, has significantly expanded the pediatric anesthesiologist's tool kit for pediatric airway management. Equally important, techniques are increasingly implemented that maintain oxygen delivery to the lungs, safely extending the time available for pediatric airway management. This review will focus on emerging trends and techniques using existing tools to safely handle the pediatric airway including videolaryngoscopy, combination techniques for intubation, techniques for maintaining oxygenation during intubation, airway management in patients at risk for aspiration, and considerations in cannot intubate cannot oxygenate scenarios.