可生物降解聚合物血管支架的最新研究进展

近年来,可生物降解聚合物由于其良好的生物相容性和可设计的降解时间在医学领域具有广泛的应用,尤其是在血管腔内治疗研究领域,得到了科研人员及临床医生的关注。本文综述了目前国内外可生物降解聚合物在血管支架、下腔静脉滤器及其他腔内应用的最新研究进展及应用,阐述了可生物降解聚合物目前存在的缺陷。此外,目前大多数研究仍停留在实验室阶段,上市的可应用于血管腔内的可生物降解聚合物成品仍极少。展望可生物降解聚合物的相关技术问题及未来方向,随着加工技术和材料的不断发展,可以预见可生物降解聚合物在腔内治疗的应用将更加广泛。     

Points to consider when evaluating three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography of intracranial aneurysms and their effects on treatment

Background/aimIn this study, we aimed to investigate what should be regarded as potential determinants of treatment strategies when evaluating 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.Material and methodsOur inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) presence of at least one intracranial aneurysm demonstrated by conventional angiography, (2) having both 2D and 3D images, and (3) being over 18 years old. First, two-dimensional (2D) and then 3D angiography images of 226 aneurysms of 150 patients were scanned. Morphological characteristics such as size, configurations, relationship with parent artery, baby counts, and other incidental findings were determined.ResultsOf the 226 aneurysms, 11 (4.9%) were only detected on 3D images. Four of these 11 additional aneurysms were believed to be babies of other aneurysms seen in 2D images. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment was the most common localization in terms of missed aneurysms. Of the 28 aneurysms located in the communicating segment of the internal carotid artery, the absolute locations of 7 (25%) could not be detected in 2D images or detected in the wrong location. Of the 24 aneurysms located in the ophthalmic segment, the origin of 8 (33%) could not be clearly identified in 2D images. Truncus relationships of MCAs bifurcation/trifurcation aneurysms were seen in 41 of 63 aneurysms (65%) on 2D images, whereas all were confirmed on 3D images. Fenestrations not seen in 2D images were identified in 3D images of 4 patients (3%).ConclusionThe superiority of 3D images compared to 2D images in determining the morphologic characteristics of intracranial aneurysms has been known for a long time. The contribution of 3D images to the treatment can be summarized as evaluating the parent artery relationship, revealing the number and shapes of aneurysm babies more clearly, detecting fenestrations, and shortening procedure time by finding the correct working angle.     

Intracranial Dural Sinus Thrombosis: Novel Use of a Mechanical Thrombectomy Catheter and Review of Management Strategies

Management of intracranial dural sinus thrombosis with involvement of multiple sinuses is complex, often involving not only the primary problem (thrombosis) but acute adverse events consequent to the disease. We highlight the novel use of an endovascular device (typically for suction thrombectomy in the peripheral vascular system) used in our patient with a life-threatening multi-sinus thrombosis. As there is no standard treatment yet for cranial sinus thrombosis, our review of the literature highlights some effective management strategies. A 35-year-old woman developed associated complications of cranial sinus thrombosis that included intracranial hypertension caused by an expanding intracranial hematoma, pulmonary embolism treated by placement of filters in superior and inferior vena cava to eliminate intra- and extracranial sources of emboli, and procedure-related retroperitoneal hematoma that necessitated peripheral vascular intervention. After failure of several common devices during mechanical thrombolysis, a thrombectomy catheter (typically for peripheral vascular intervention to aide in the clot removal) was used. Our case highlights the fine balance of anticoagulation and thrombolysis and the proactive, aggressive approach used by our multispecialty team to manage concurrent factors.     

创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的：探讨创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗的方法及效果.方法：20例病人,栓塞治疗23次.在局麻或全麻下,采用股动脉入路,用可脱性球囊栓塞17例,微弹簧圈栓塞2例,可脱性球囊及微弹簧圈栓塞1例,因球囊泄漏而再栓塞2例.结果：20例病人一次栓塞成功17例,二次栓塞成功3例.颈内动脉通畅率80%（16/20）.经随访,无并发症及死亡病例发生.结论：创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘经血管内栓塞治疗,是一种安全、可靠的治疗方法.     

腔内隔绝术治疗DebakeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤

目的:探讨DebakeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景。方法:术前采用CT血管成像(CTA)对夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术中在数字减影(DSA)监视下经股动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口。结果:移植物成功地被植入,高血压危象得到有效控制,胸痛明显缓解。术后随访3月,无任何并发症。结论:腔内隔绝术治疗DebakeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全、有效的新方法,远期疗效有待跟踪随访。     

Treatment with a metallic endovascular stent in a patient with iliac venous stenosis due to endometrial cancer

There are few cases, to our knowledge, that report the successful treatment of iliac venous stenosis due to gynecologic malignancies with the use of self- expanding metallic endovascular stents. Our patient, who had right lower limb edema, had iliac lymph node metastases which caused iliac vein stenosis by direct invasion from endometrial cancer. The patient was not considered to be a good surgical candidate. A 10-mm diameter self-expanding metallic endovascular stent was placed in the external iliac vein. The patient’s symptoms of right lower limb edema improved dramatically, and she was discharged at 3 weeks after stent placement. The patient had no further symptoms, with continued resolution of the right leg edema during the 10 months following stent placement, at which time she died from the primary disease. The treatment to this patient with a self-expanding metallic endovascular stent proved to be very efficacious and less stressful than direct venous reconstruction or femorofemoral venous bypass grafting. In addition, this procedure dramatically improved the patient’s quality of life. Received: 10 January 2000 / Accepted: 8 February 2000     

经血管内栓塞治疗颈外动脉—海绵窦瘘

目的：探讨经血管内栓塞治疗３例颈外动脉海绵窦瘘的临床意义。材料和方法：３例颈外动脉海棉窦瘘均经股动脉入路栓塞，采用微螺旋圈和聚乙烯醇颗粒将瘘口闭塞。结果：术后患者临床症状显著改善。随访１个月至１年病情无复发。结论：颅内无血管杂音是其重要体征。将微导管置入瘘口是栓塞成功的关键     

Aneurysmal rupture during embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determinate the frequency, causes, management and outcome of aneurysmal rupture occurring during embolization. We present our experience with this severe and feared complication. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 314 acute cerebral aneurysms that were treated with endovascular coiling. These patients were identified and the management and outcomes were recorded. The literature was reviewed. RESULTS: Six patients had an intraprocedural aneurysmal rupture. This complication occurred sporadically. Prevalence was 1.9%. Of these six, four were women and two were men. The mean age was 68 years (range: 43-74 years). Four aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation and two in the posterior circulation. Perforation occurred during microcatheterization of the aneurysm in one case and during coil deposition in five cases. In these five patients, aneurysmal rupture resulted from detachment of the first coil in three patients and detachment of the third and last coil in two patients. Hemodynamic changes were noted for one patient. The Glasgow Outcome Scale score at last follow-up examination was 1 in three patients and 3 in one patient (fair recovery). Mortality was 33% and morbidity was 16.7%. CONCLUSION: Aneurysmal perforation during embolization is a rare event (1.8 to 4.4%). When perforation is recognized, embolization can be completed immediately with further coil deposition and reversal of anticoagulation therapy.