氢吗啡酮和芬太尼对全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响

目的：：比较盐酸氢吗啡酮和芬太尼对全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响。方法：择期全麻行口腔颌面部良性肿物切除术的患者60例,随机分为三组。建立静脉通路后,H1组、H2组、F组患者分别静脉注射氢吗啡酮0.2mg、0.4mg和芬太尼0.2mg,5min之后常规诱导气管插管。记录患者入室后5min(T0),插管前即刻(T1),插管即刻(T2),插管后1min(T3)、3min(T4)、5min(T5)、10min(T6)的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果：三组药物对MAP、HR的影响存在组间差异,其中H2组不同时相MAP、HR较平稳。结论：0.4mg盐酸氢吗啡酮和0.2mg芬太尼均能有效减弱全麻气管插管引起的应激反应,且0.4mg盐酸氢吗啡酮在不同时相对患者MAP、HR的影响更小,全麻诱导插管更为平稳。     

曲马多、吗啡术后自控镇痛对肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响比较

目的：比较曲马多，吗啡术后自控镇痛对肺癌患者行肺叶切除术后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：20例患者采用美国麻醉医师协会分级法（ASA）分级，均为1－II级肺癌患者，择期行肺叶切除手术，随机分为曲马多，吗啡术后自控镇痛组，两组患者均接受相同的气管插管静脉复合吸入麻醉，分别于麻醉前，术后4h，术后24h采取外周静脉血，用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ 及CD4＋／CD8＋，结果：两组患者术毕及术后4hCD3^ ,CD4^ 及CD4^ /CD8^ 明显低于术前（P＜0．05），术后24h曲马多组虽然仍低于术前值，但已有所恢复，反之吗啡组上述各数值尚未上升，结论：曲马多自控镇痛较吗啡能改善术后细胞免疫抑制。     

视可尼喉镜和普通喉镜气管插管的临床对比观察

目的:比较应用视可尼喉镜与普通喉镜对无困难气道患者气管插管时的心血管反应。方法:选择80例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全身麻醉患者,包括非高血压组40例(N组)和高血压组40例(H组),根据插管器械不同两组又随机分成普通喉镜组(L组)和视可尼喉镜组(S组),比较四组患者麻醉诱导前后血流动力学改变,插管时间及气管插管并发症。结果:视可尼喉镜气管插管时和插管后的各项血流动力学指标均显著低于普通喉镜组(P<0.05),普通喉镜组和视可尼喉镜组插管时间及插管并发症差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于全麻气管插管患者,采用视可尼光斑法行气管插管可减少患者的血流动力学反应,缩短气管插管的时间,减少气管插管的并发症。     

泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞的疗效观察

目的：探讨泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞的治疗效果。方法选择2012年3月至2014年3月期间我院眼科收治的泪道阻塞患者80例(140眼)作为研究对象,根据手术方法将其分为研究组(行泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗)40例(70眼)与对照组(行单纯行泪道激光探通术治疗)40例(70眼)。随访6个月,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果,以及术后并发症情况。结果研究组治疗的总有效率为95.71%,显著高于对照组的82.86%, P<0.05。两组并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞疗效确切,操作简单,并发症少,适于临床推广与应用。     

全麻气管插管的教学观察

目的:观察气管插管教学中伴随的问题及术后喉痛及声音嘶哑的发生情况,以期提高气管插管教学的质量。方法:100例全麻手术患者随机分为教学组和医师组,每组50例。记录2组的插管时间、脱氧合发生率和尝试插管次数,并在患者离开麻醉后恢复室时和术后24 h评估患者喉痛和声音嘶哑情况。结果:插管时间、脱氧合发生率和插管次数在教学组均显著高于医师组(P<0.01)。医师组的喉痛视觉模拟评分显著低于教学组(P<0.01),而2组声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:气管插管教学会延长插管时间并增加插管次数,同时增加气道损伤的概率。     

Bonfils纤维硬镜在困难气道插管的应用

目的:评价Bonfils纤维硬镜用于困难气道插管的临床价值。方法:择期行全麻气管插管手术病人40例,随机分为两组:B组(Bonfils纤维硬镜插管组,n=20)和N组(普通Macintosh喉镜插管组,n=20)。术前对病人行气道评估,只要符合以下1项者纳入本研究:Mallampati评级≥Ⅲ级;甲颏距离<6 cm或不足3横指;张口度<3.5 cm;颈部活动受限或颈椎不稳定等。常规麻醉诱导后B组和N组分别用Bonfils纤维硬镜和普通Macintosh喉镜插管。记录诱导前、插管前、插管后的血流动力学变化。依照硬镜或喉镜显露声门的难易程度评价插管情况,记录插管时间和成功率,随访插管后的不良反应。结果:与N组相比,B组插管后的血压和心率波动较小,成功率高,不良反应少。结论:Bonfils纤维硬镜在困难气道插管中操作简单,安全有效。     

Median effective dose of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation

Background Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides sufficient patient safety and comfort, adequate intubating conditions, and stable hemodynamics. In this prospective clinical study, our aim was to determine the median effective dose （ED50） of remifentanil in combination with midazolam and airway topical anesthesia for awake laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods Thirty-six female adult patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included in this study. Ten minutes after intravenous administration of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, patients were assigned to receive remifentanil in bolus, followed by a continuous infusion. The bolus dose and infusion rate of remifentanil were adjusted by a modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method. Patient＇s reaction score at laryngoscopy and an Observer＇s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale （OAA/S） were used to determine whether the remifentanil dosage regimen was accepted. During laryngoscopy, 2% lidocaine was sprayed into the airway to provide the topical anesthesia. ED50 of remifentanil was calculated by the modified Dixon up-and-down method, and the probit analysis was then used to confirm the results obtained from the modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method. In the patients who were scored as ＂accept＂, patient＇s OAA/S and reactJon scores at dJfferent observed points, JntubatJng conditJon score and patient＇s tolerance to the endotracheal tube after intubation were evaluated and recorded. Blood pressure and heart rate at different measuring points were also noted. Results ED50 of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation obtained by the modified Dixon＇s up-and-down method was （0.62±0.02） μg/kg. Using probit analysis, ED50 and ED95 of remifentanil were 0.63 μg/kg （95% CI, 0.54-0.70） and 0.83 μg/kg （95% CI, 0.73-2.59）, respectively. Nineteen patients who were scored as ＂accept＂ had an OAA/S of 〉15 and tolerated well laryngoscopy without significant discomfort or gagging. The mean intubating condition score was 1.8±0.8. The endotracheal tube was well tolerated. During awake laryngoscopy and intubation, blood pressure and heart rate were also kept stable. The postoperative follow up showed that no patient recalled discomfort and pain for airway manipulation. Conclusions When combined with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and airway topical anesthesia, ED50 of remifentanil for successful awake laryngoscopy and Jntubation is 0.62 μg/kg in bolus followed by continuous infusJon of 0.062 μg·kg·min^-1. This sedation and analgesia regimen can provide patient safety and comfort, ensure adequate intubating conditions, maintain hemodynamic stability, and prevent negative recall of the airway procedure.     

泪道探通联合硅胶管置入治疗泪道阻塞

目的探讨泪道探通联合硅胶管置入治疗泪道阻塞的临床疗效。方法对380例（420眼）泪道阻塞患者采用泪道探通术后,依据泪道阻塞部位置入不同类型的硅胶管,观察泪道探通一次性成功率,术后患者泪道通畅情况和流泪症状的缓解程度。结果一次性探通成功率达99%,术后随访6个月,345例（385眼）患者治愈,好转28例（28眼）,无效7例（7眼）,总有效率为98.33%;治疗过程中均未见严重并发症发生。结论泪道探通联合不同类型的硅胶管置入术治疗泪道阻塞性疾病方法简便,疗效确切,并发症发生率极低,适合于广大基层医院开展。     

胸腔手术时肺循环的右向左分流

目的探讨胸腔手术时肺循环的右向左分流 (right to lefttranspulmonaryshuntfraction ,Qs/Qt)。 方法直接测定肺泡气氧分压和动脉血氧分压 ,计算肺泡 动脉氧分压差 (alveolar arterialoxygentensiondifference ,A aDO2 )和Qs/Qt,观察 2 6例胸腔手术对Qs/Qt的影响。结果由平卧位到侧卧位A aDO2 和Qs/Qt无明显变化 ,开胸后A aDO2 和Qs/Qt增加 ,开胸 1hQs/Qt达 (12 .16± 5 .5 7) % ,动脉血气分析未发现缺氧情况。结论胸腔手术开胸后肺循环的右向左分流增加 ,并随手术时间延长有加重趋势     

硫喷妥钠快速诱导气管插管期间血流动力学的变化

本文用无创性心阻抗血流图测量27例择期手术病人在硫喷妥钠快速诱导插管期间血流动力学的变化。结果显示静注硫喷妥钠3mg/kg 后 SBP、SI、CI 分别下降10.6%、38.5%、16.3%,HR 代偿性增快40.5%,TPR 和 PCWP显著性升高。喉镜暴露声门及气管插管后血压,TPR、PCWP、HR 进一步急剧增高,而 SI、CI 进一步下降。所以对于高血压、冠心病、高颅压、动脉瘤等病人应采取必要的预防措施,以免由于血流动力学的剧烈变化导致麻醉并发症。