宫颈与宫体子宫内膜样腺癌的临床病理及免疫表型分析

目的探讨宫颈子宫内膜样腺癌和宫体子宫内膜样腺癌的临床病理和免疫表型差异。方法采用HE及免疫组化En-Vision两步法对8例宫颈内膜样腺癌和76例宫体内膜样腺癌的组织学形态和免疫表型进行比较观察。结果宫颈子宫内膜样腺癌和宫体子宫内膜样腺癌在组织学形态上相似。两组标本的免疫标记物阳性率分别为vimentin(0,95.45%)、CEA(100%,45.45%)、p53(12.50%,31.82%)、ER(0,54.54%)、PR(0,60.61%)、Ki-67(75.0%,12.12%)、HPV16/18(100%,3.03%)、p16(100%,46.97%)、Cam5.2(12.50%,62.12%)。两者相比,vimentin、CEA、ER、PR、p16、Ki-67、HPV16/18、PAS、Cam5.2的表达差异有显著性(P<0.05),而p53的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用免疫标记物vimentin、CEA、ER、PR、p16、Ki-67、HPV16/18、PAS、Cam5.2检测是鉴别宫颈和宫体子宫内膜样腺癌的一种重要的有效方法,p53可作为辅助鉴别的免疫标记物。     

β-catenin、Glut-1和PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌发生过程中的表达及意义

目的 通过分析子宫内膜上皮内瘤变(EIN)诊断、分类与子宫内膜增生WHO(2003)分类的关系,探讨β-catenin、Glut-1和PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌发生过程中的表达及其意义.方法 根据EIN诊断及分类标准,对83例子宫内膜增生病例进行再分类.采用免疫组织化学SP法,对10例增殖期子宫内膜、83例子宫内膜增生及24例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中β-catenin、Glut-1及PTEN蛋白的表达进行检测.结果 (1)83例子宫内膜增生病例中共检出24例EIN病例,总检出率为28.9%(24/83).24例EIN病例中,来自复杂型不典型性增生16例(66.7%,16/24),但EIN的检出率与不典型增生的分级无明显关系(P＞0.05).(2)β-catenin蛋白在增殖期子宫内膜中呈正常表达,良性子宫内膜增生的异常表达率为10.2%(6/59),而EIN和子宫内膜样腺癌的异常表达率(50%,12/24;66.7%,16/24)分别明显高于良性子宫内膜增生(P＜0.01),但二者间的异常表达率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)Glut-1蛋白在增殖期子宫内膜、良性子宫内膜增生组织中均呈低表达,而在EIN和子宫内膜样腺癌中的高表达率分别为58.3%(14/24)和70.8%(17/24),均显著高于增殖期子宫内膜及良性子宫内膜增生(P＜0.01),但二者高表达率间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(4)PTEN蛋白在EIN病例中的失表达率(37.5%,9/24)与子宫内膜样腺癌(62.5%,15/24)、增殖期子宫内膜(2/10)及良性子宫内膜增生(28.8%,17/59)比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但子宫内膜样腺癌的失表达率则明显高于增殖期子宫内膜及良性子宫内膜增生病例,其差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 β-catenin蛋白的异常表达和Glut-1蛋白高表达是子宫内膜样腺癌发生过程中的早期事件,二者在区别良性子宫内膜增生、EIN和子宫内膜样腺癌中可能是有用的免疫标志物.PTEN蛋白失表达是子宫内膜样腺癌发生过程中的极早期事件,但将其作为EIN病变的诊断性标志物并不恰当.     

对比弥散张量成像与弥散加权成像评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级的价值

目的对比弥散张量成像(DTI)与弥散加权成像(DWI)评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级的效能。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的子宫内膜样腺癌患者,其中高分化(G1级)15例、中分化(G2级)14例、低分化(G3级)12例,术前均接受常规MR平扫及DTI、DWI,比较各级子宫内膜样腺癌的表观弥散系数(ADC)、平均弥散系数(MD)及各向异性分数(FA)值,分析各参数对病理组织学分级的诊断效能。结果 G1、G2、G3级子宫内膜样腺癌之间ADC值及MD值差异均有统计学意义(P均0.001),FA值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜样腺癌ADC值(r=-0.589,P0.001)、MD值(r=-0.724,P0.001)均与其组织学分级呈负相关。将G3级归为高危组、G1和G2级归为低危组,高危组ADC值、MD值均低于低危组(P均0.01)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果显示,ADC、MD值鉴别诊断高、低危子宫内膜样腺癌的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.792和0.868(P均0.01)。结论 DTI和DWI均可用于评估子宫内膜样腺癌病理分级,且MD值效能较ADC值更高。     

子宫内膜样腺癌组织中bax的表达及与病理特征的关系

目的：探讨子宫内膜样腺癌组织中bax的表达及与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法检测不同类型子宫内膜组织中bax的表达。结果：从单纯性增生、复杂性增生到不典型增生，bax的表达逐渐增多。不典型增生与前二者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。在内膜样腺癌中，随着分化程度的降低bax的表达逐渐降低；随着浸润深度的增加，bax的表达逐渐增加，各组间比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论：bax参与了癌前病变的发生，bax与子宫内膜样腺癌癌细胞的分化程度、肌层浸润深度有关。     

磷酸酶基因、核因子-κBp65、Survivin蛋白在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨磷酸酶基因（PTEN）、核因子（NF-κB p65）及凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin基因在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及其在子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展中的作用。方法采用SP免疫组织化学法检测63例子宫内膜样腺癌、20例正常增生期子宫内膜组织中PTEN、NF-κB p65及Survivin蛋白的表达。结果子宫内膜样腺癌与正常增生期子宫内膜组织中PTEN、NF-κB p65及Survivin蛋白表达的阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。PTEN表达与子宫内膜样腺癌分化程度呈正相关（P〈0．001），与淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈负相关（P〈0．005），NF-κB p65的表达与子宫内膜样腺癌分化程度呈负相关（P〈0．05），与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）。Survivin与子宫内膜样腺癌与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论PTEN、NF-κB p65及Survivin在子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展中起着不同程度的作用，联合检测PTEN、NF-κB p65及Survivin对研究子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展、早期诊断及预后评估有一定的参考价值。     

An unusual endometrioid adenofibroma of the uterine cervix: a histologic and immunohistochemical study

An unusual adenofibroma of the uterine cervix is reported. The cervix was bulkily enlarged but did not have a polypoid appearance. The neoplastic epithelium was in continuity with the covering epithelium of the cervix and consisted predominantly of endometrioid cells which proliferated to form numerous glandular structures of irregular size and shape. The glandular component resembled an endometrial hyperplasia, and was set in an abundant fibrous stroma which was moderately cellular and hyalinized. Both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells lacked cytologic atypia. Despite its benign appearance, the tumor occupied almost all the uterine cervix and extended into the upper vaginal wall. The epithelial cells showed diffuse positive staining for CA19-9 and were focally positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. The presence of dense periglandular fibrosis distinguished the present case from a minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type.     

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis of the mesenterium of the sigmoid colon

This report presents a case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis of the mesenterium of the sigmoid colon following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for leiomyoma of the uterus and infiltrating pelvic endometriosis, and hormone replacement therapy. A 62-year-old woman presented with an abdominal tumor. Based on the diagnosis of mesocolonic tumor, sigmoidectomy with lymph node resection was performed. The tumor cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin 7, but negative for cytokeratin 20, and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the mesocolon. Hyperestrogenism has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of cancer from endometriosis. The patient had been receiving high-dose unopposed estrogens for 14 years after a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Physicians should recognize that endometriosis-associated neoplasms are able to cause symptoms or signs such as abdominal and/or pelvic pain, pelvic mass, and vaginal bleeding, especially if the patient has been treated with hormone replacement therapy. It is important to recognize the possibility of tumors arising from endometriosis when evaluating intestinal or mesenteric neoplasms in women, even in the patient who has previously undergone total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, particularly if the patient has a history of endometriosis and has received hormone replacement therapy.     

Morules with optically clear nuclei in ovarian borderline endometrioid tumor

Optically clear nuclei (OCN) have been observed in morules of some neoplasms and in some conditions unrelated to the development of the morules. We first report a case of ovarian borderline endometrioid tumor (BET) showing the morules associated with OCN. The patient was a 47-year-old premenopausal woman with a left ovarian cystic tumor, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and elevated serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, and CA 125. The resected ovarian tumor measured 6 cm in diameter, and showed a papillary growth. Histologically, the ovarian tumor was consistent with BET, and the morules with OCN were scattered. Immunohistochemically, OCN were proven to be rich in biotin. An aberrant nuclear expression of beta-catenin was observed in both the tumor cells and the morular cells. Our case may suggest the possibility that the appearance of OCN with or without morules in ovarian tumors is related to endometrioid differentiation of the tumor cells, and should be recognized as a diagnostic clue of ovarian endometrioid tumors. Although female sex hormones have been reported to play a role in the occurrence of OCN, the participation of beta-catenin mutation has also been suggested.     

Pregnancy as a model of controlled invasion might be attributed to the ratio of CD3/CD8 to CD56

PROBLEM: Pregnancy can be considered as a model of successfully controlled tissue invasion. Cellular mediated immunity appears to regulate the controlled invasion of fetal trophoblast cells. In endometrium cancer, a dysregulation of invasive malignant cells can be observed. Since immunocompetent cells are known to be involved in recognition and rejection of 'non-self' antigens, we investigated the presence and distribution pattern of CD3, CD8, CD56, and CD68 positive cells in decidua from normal and failing pregnancies, compared with malignant and benign endometrium. METHOD OF STUDY: Decidual tissue from first trimester normal pregnancies (NP; n = 15) and abortion (AB; n = 12), endometrial samples from premenopausal women (NE; n = 8), and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EA; n = 8) were examined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against large spectrum cytokeratin, and against the receptors CD3, CD8, CD56 and CD68, respectively. RESULTS: In NP, we observed 32.5% CD3, 44.7% CD56, and 22.9% CD68+ cells. In AB, we found 36.9% CD3, 45.3% CD56, and 17.8% CD68+ cells. The differences in ratio between normal pregnancy and abortion were not statistically significant. In NE, we counted 39.5% CD3, 30.2% CD56 and 30.2% CD68 cells. In EA, we observed 47.9% CD3, 12.4% CD56 and 39.7% CD68+ cells. The decrease of CD56 positive cells in endometrioid adenocarcinoma was statistically significant. Interestingly, we found 4.1% of cells positive for CD8 in NP, 4.9% in AB, 22.7% in NE, and 48.2% in EA. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of CD8 cells in NE, and particularly in EA, and decrease of CD56 cells, compared with NP or AB, suggests an interaction between CD8 cells and CD56 cells. Studying different pathological situations in the uterus, such as malignancies or ectopic pregnancies, might help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pregnancy.