Influences of context on early writing development

Research on children's early writing development in the past has focused primarily on product and process. In reviewing the more recent research on early writing development, however, a new focus of context emerges. Occurrences of literacy are now being observed in the home, the school, and the community. With this new emphasis, comes the task of defining context. A definition of context reflects theoretical perspectives, areas of research interests, and types of methodologies employed in conducting research. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to address the following aspects of context: #op1#cp multidiscipline perspectives and definitions of context, #op2#cp contextual shifts observed between the home and the school, #op3#cp contextual factors present when learning how to write, and #op4#cp pedagogical implications for curriculum development.     

Muscle growth and myosin isoform transitions during development of a small teleost fish, Poecilia reticulata (Peters) (Atheriniformes, Poeciliidae): a histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric study

The myosin composition of lateral muscle in Poecilia reticulata from birth to adult was studied by ATPase histochemistry and immunostaining with myosin isoform-specific antibodies. At birth the muscle consists of two layers containing developmental isoforms of myosin. In deep layer fibres the developmental myosin is replaced by the adult fast-white isoform soon after birth. In the epaxial and hypaxial monolayer fibres the myosin composition present at birth (J1) is replaced within 3 days by another (J2). In some fibres, this J2 composition is retained in the adult, but in others it is slowly replaced by the adult slow-red muscle isoform. Close to the lateral line, all monolayer fibres are already in transition between the J2 myosin and the adult slow-red form at birth, and rapidly complete the transition to slow-red form. These fibres, together with others generated de novo in an underlying hyperplastic zone, form the red muscle layer of the adult. The pink muscle develops during the first month after birth, and by 31 days it consists of an outer, middle and inner layer. A few middle layer fibres are already present at birth, while the outer layer fibres first appear 3 days after birth. The thin inner layer is probably a transitional form between the middle pink and adult white types, and appears at about 31 days. A morphometric analysis showed that growth of the white muscle occurs principally by hypertrophy. Even at the magnification level of the electron microscope, no satellite cells or myoblasts which could give rise to new fibres were found in the white muscle, except in the far epaxial and hypaxial regions and only in the first 10 days. A zone of hyperplastic growth was also found lying just under the superficial monolayer close to the lateral line, and this presumably contributes fibres to the red and pink muscle layers.     

聋幼儿情绪状态对认知发展的影响

为促进聋幼儿各方面的正常发展，使其早日回归主流社会，我们对聋幼儿进行了认知和情绪表现的研究。通过问卷调查、观察和实验研究得知，聋幼儿的认知发展和良好情绪的培养是分不开的，认知内容适中有利于聋幼儿良好情绪的培养，而良好积极的情绪又可促进聋幼儿认知的发展。对此，我们实验并总结了培养聋幼儿积极情绪和促进认知发展的方法。     

构建和谐团队打造诚信医院

探讨医院管理、发展问题.通过综合分析医疗和医院管理工作的实际,提出构建和谐团队,打造诚信医院.     

云南省20年不同民族儿童体格发育与营养不良

目的 :动态分析近 2 0余年云南省不同时期不同民族儿童体格发育与营养状况变化规律 ,为今后儿童保健制定策略和措施提供参考依据 .方法 :用统一方法、统一标准分析、比较 1975年至 2 0 0 0年不同时期不同民族儿童体格发育与营养调查结果 .结果 :2 0余年来云南省儿童体格发育呈增长趋势 ,城市增长大于城郊增长 ,身高增长大于体重增长 .农村 5岁以下儿童中重度发育迟缓和中重度低体重患病率均呈下降趋势 ,中重度消瘦患病率呈上升趋势 ;不同民族下降幅度不同 ,至 2 0 0 0年 ,儿童营养不良患病率三项指标均未达到国家NPA目标 .结论 :2 0余年来云南省儿童体格发育呈增长趋势 ,农村 5岁以下儿童营养不良呈下降趋势 ,但下降幅度未达到国家NPA目标 ,5岁以下儿童营养不良仍是云南省农村儿童的主要健康问题 .     

胚胎玻璃化冷冻技术的临床应用(附成功分娩1例报道)

目的 探讨胚胎玻璃化冷冻技术的临床应用效果。方法 运用玻璃化冷冻技术保存75例患者的397个胚胎，复苏13例69个胚胎，并根据患者的情况进行胚胎移植。结果 69个胚胎中，丢失3个，存活26个，存活率为39，4％。复苏后8例患者因胚胎质量差未移植，另外5例患者共移植了14个胚胎，其中1例获得单胎妊娠，分娩1名健康女要。结论 玻璃化冷冻技术简便、经济，并能够有效地冻存人类早期胚胎，可成为胚胎冷冻方法的另一个选择。     

斯氏狸殖吸虫感染多种动物及体内发育的研究

目的 :以不同数量斯氏狸殖吸虫囊蚴 ,分别感染大白鼠 ,小白鼠和豚鼠 ,定期解剖观察虫体。方法 :经1 5、30、45、60、75、90、1 1 0和 1 2 5d分别解剖观察虫体在实验动物体内发育 ,分布及虫体检出率。结果 :大鼠在感染 90d后虫体可以逐步发育成熟并产卵 ,而小白鼠和豚鼠体内只能查到童虫阶段。结论 :初步证实大白鼠是斯氏狸殖吸虫的适宜宿主 ,小白鼠和豚鼠体内的虫体全部处于滞育阶段 ,不能发育为成虫     

论高校道德教育与可持续发展

可持续发展是人类反思人与自然关系的结果。可持续发展关键在于人。大学生是未来社会的中坚力量。通过高校道德教育这一途径，使可持续发展内化为大学生的道德发展要求，推进社会和谐发展。     

Nurse Migration from a Source Country Perspective: Philippine Country Case Study

Objectives. To describe nurse migration patterns in the Philippines and their benefits and costs.
Principal Findings. The Philippines is a job-scarce environment and, even for those with jobs in the health care sector, poor working conditions often motivate nurses to seek employment overseas. The country has also become dependent on labor migration to ease the tight domestic labor market. National opinion has generally focused on the improved quality of life for individual migrants and their families, and on the benefits of remittances to the nation. However, a shortage of highly skilled nurses and the massive retraining of physicians to become nurses elsewhere has created severe problems for the Filipino health system, including the closure of many hospitals. As a result, policy makers are debating the need for new policies to manage migration such that benefits are also returned to the educational institutions and hospitals that are producing the emigrant nurses.
Conclusions and Recommendations. There is new interest in the Philippines in identifying ways to mitigate the costs to the health system of nurse emigration. Many of the policy options being debated involve collaboration with those countries recruiting Filipino nurses. Bilateral agreements are essential for managing migration in such a way that both sending and receiving countries derive benefit from the exchange.