康柏西普联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：探讨康柏西普眼用注射液(Conbercept ophthalmic injection,COI)玻璃体内注射联合激光治疗对糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者的有效性及安全性。

方法：纳入2016-08/2018-06我院眼科收治的DME患者,依据患者施行激光治疗是否联合COI分为观察组(激光治疗联合COI)55例55眼和对照组(仅激光治疗)50例50眼,对比两组患者术后1mo的BCVA(LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)、眼压水平及视野、30°视野平均光阈值敏感度、视野平均缺损值水平变化。

结果：两组患者治疗前一般资料比较无差异(P>0.05),两组患者BCVA(0.63±0.13 vs 0.76±0.19; t=4.123,P<0.001)、CMT(305.89±58.76 vs 340.26±60.41μm; t=2.954,P=0.004)比较有差异,而两组患者眼压对比(12.11±1.82 vs 12.24±1.59mmHg; t=0.389,P=0.700)无差异; 观察组患者术后1mo视野灰度值、视野平均缺损值显著低于对照组(P<0.001); 观察组患者术后1mo 30°视野平均光阈值敏感度显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。

结论：玻璃体内注射康柏西普眼用注射液联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者有效且安全。     

软组织贴扎技术对老年膝关节内侧副韧带损伤后的康复疗效观察

目的 观察软组织贴扎技术治疗老年患者膝关节内侧副韧带损伤后膝关节功能障碍的康复疗效果,为治疗该病提供方法.方法 选择2019年5月-2020年12月于上海市仁济医院宝山分院康复治疗科和骨科就诊的老年患者共52例,采用随机数字表随机分为2组:试验组(n=27)和对照组(n=25).对照组采取常规康复治疗,试验组在与对照组...     

鲑鱼降钙素对老年骨质疏松患者腰背疼痛及骨代谢的影响

目的 探讨鲑鱼降钙素注射液治疗老年骨质疏松的疗效,以及对患者腰背疼痛及骨代谢的影响.方法 选取湖北省枣阳市第一人民医院2018年6月至2019年6月收治的老年骨质疏松患者100例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各50例.两组患者均采用常规口服药物治疗,观察组增加肌肉注射鲑鱼降钙素治疗,均治疗6周.结果 与治疗前比较...     

老年呼吸道感染并精神障碍38例相关因素分析

目的 探讨老年呼吸道感染并精神障碍相关因素及预后。方法 对2000～2005年在我院住院的老年呼吸道感染并精神障碍38例进行回顾性分析。结果 肺性脑病18例（47．4％）,电解质酸碱紊乱11例（28．9％）,脑梗死2例（5．3％）,药物因素5例（13．1％）,感染性脑病2例（5．3％）,死亡2例（5．3％）。结论 老年呼吸道感染并精神障碍有多种因素参与,是病情严重的标志。应加强多学科协作配合,提高诊断率和抢救成功率。     

细节管理在老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者鼻饲饮食中的应用

目的 研究细节管理减少老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者鼻饲饮食后并发症、减少感染及死亡率的作用.方法 选取80例老年留置普通硅胶胃管患者,随机分为对照组40例与干预组40例,对照组患者鼻饲饮食实施常规管理,干预组患者鼻饲饮食实施管理,比较两组干预效果.结果 干预组发生胃肠道并发症6例,无堵管现象,肺部感染2例;对照组发生胃肠道...     

Long-lasting renal dysfunction following tacrolimus induction therapy in ulcerative colitis patients

Although tacrolimus (TAC) has remarkable effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients when given as remission induction therapy, some can develop renal dysfunction during TAC administration, resulting in withdrawal, though related details remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the impact of oral TAC on renal function for remission induction therapy in UC patients. Fifty-five patients (10 elderly, 45 non-elderly) with UC and treated with oral TAC at our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Although a high clinical response to TAC was seen in both elderly and non-elderly, a decline in eGFR was noted in nearly all patients regardless of age, with a maximum change of −34.4% from the baseline value at week 11. Furthermore, eGFR decline recovered quickly after TAC discontinuation, though did not return to the baseline at two years following cessation. The rate of eGFR change at week 12 was significantly associated with patient age (β = −0.3242, p = 0.0103) and peak serum trough level during TAC treatment (β = 0.3563, p = 0.0051). Furthermore, the rate of decline in eGFR was significantly greater during treatment with TAC in the elderly as compared to non-elderly, with a large difference in eGFR decline rate between those groups also noted at two years after withdrawal of treatment. Careful attention to renal function when administering oral TAC for UC is important and changes in eGFR should be monitored closely in elderly patients even after treatment cessation.     

免疫增强型肠内营养对老年胃癌术后免疫功能的影响

目的评价免疫增强型肠内营养对老年胃癌患者术后营养、免疫功能、炎性反应及并发症方面的影响。方法66例胃癌患者随机分成免疫增强肠内营养组(34例)与常规肠内营养组(32例),术后24 h给等热量、氮量肠内营养支持1周,比较术前1 d、术后第9天两组的营养、免疫指标、细胞因子的变化及并发症情况。结果术后免疫增强组前白蛋白与转铁蛋白均上升,而常规组均下降,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后白蛋白两组均下降(P>0.05);术后两组IgMI、gA均升高且免疫增强组的升高更明显(P<0.05);术后免疫增强组的CD3 、CD4 及CD4 /CD8 均高于常规组(P<0.05),但CD8 无差异(P>0.05);术后两组IL-1α与IL-2均有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后两组IL-6与TNF-α均升高,且常规组IL-6、TNF-α的升高更明显(P<0.05);术后免疫增强组感染性并发症发生率(11.8%)明显低于常规组(25%)(P<0.05)。结论老年胃癌患者术后给予免疫增强型肠内营养在提高蛋白质合成、减轻炎性反应、改善免疫功能及降低并发症方面优于常规的肠内营养。     

静脉应用胺碘酮治疗老年冠心病并房颤的临床观察

目的观察胺碘酮治疗老年冠心病并快速心房颤动的临床疗效。方法26例老年冠心病患者,发作时快速房颤后静脉推注胺碘酮治疗,首次3-5 mg/kg,5-10 mg/min注入,继之以微量泵维持,前6 h 1 mg/min,其后0.5 mg/min,观察24 h临床症状及心率、血压的变化情况。结果静脉应用胺碘酮后显效18例（69.2%）,有效23例（88.8%）,无严重不良反应。结论胺碘酮应用于老年冠心病并房颤患者有效率高,副反应少,尤其适用于老年患者的抢救。     

美托洛尔治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效及安全性

目的评价β-受体阻滞剂治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效及安全性。方法107例老年慢性心力衰竭患者按就诊顺序随机分为两组,美托洛尔53例在常规抗心力衰竭治疗基础上加用美托洛尔12.5~25mg,2次/d;对照组54例采用常规抗心力衰竭治疗,未用美托洛尔。定期来诊随访,以观察临床表现,监测治疗前后心率、血压、心功能参数变化。结果美托洛尔显效率53.7%,总有效率88.6%;对照组显效率30.3%,总有效率67.8%,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。美托洛尔组患者心率减慢、血压降低较对照组明显,超声心动图复查显示治疗6个月后左室舒张末期内径缩小,左室射血分数增高较对照组显著。结论美托洛尔对老年慢性心力衰竭是一种较为安全有效的药物。     

Diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive crises in the elderly patients

Hypertension is a common clinical problem in the elderly worldwide and physicians of all types are likely to encounter patients with hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in these patients. Although various terms have been applied to these conditions, they are all characterized by acute elevations in blood pressure and evidence of end-organ injury. Prompt, but carefully considered therapy is necessary to limit morbidity and mortality. A wide range of pharmacologic alternatives are available to the practitioner to control blood pressure and treat complications in these patients. The management of the elderly patient with hypertensive crises needs to include close monitoring and a gentle decline in blood pressure to avoid catastrophic complications, exacerbation of ischemic myopathy, and vascular insufficiency.