胆囊切除术后腹痛原因的分析与治疗

目的：探讨胆囊切除术后近期或远期出现腹痛的原因,并总结出相应的治疗方法。方法：按胆系外原因,胆系内原因,功能性原因,器质性原因及少见原因进行分类,对各组的病因及治疗进行总结、归纳。结果：胆囊切除术后腹痛既可由于胆道系统本身引起,也可由于消化系统其他病变引起。结论：胆囊切除术后腹痛首先应排除胆系以外的原因,其次是胆囊切除术后残存及带来的问题。     

Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: A pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life

Switching from oral medications to continuous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa gel reduces motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but effects on nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are unknown. In this prospective open‐label observational study, we report the effects of intrajejunal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion on NMS in PD based on standard assessments utilizing the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS) along with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS 3 motor and 4 complications) and quality of life (QoL) using the Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ‐8). Twenty‐two advanced PD patients (mean age 58.6 years, duration of disease 15.3 years) were followed for 6 months. A statistically significant beneficial effect was shown in six of the nine domains of the NMSS: cardiovascular, sleep/fatigue, attention/memory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and miscellaneous (including pain and dribbling) and for the total score of this scale (NMSST) paralleling improvement of motor symptoms (UPDRS 3 motor and 4 complications in “best on” state) and dyskinesias/motor fluctuations. In addition, significant improvements were found using the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS) and the PDQ‐8 (QoL). The improvement in PDQ‐8 scores correlated highly significantly with the changes in NMSST, whereas a moderately strong correlation was observed with UPDRS changes. This is the first demonstration that a levodopa‐based continuous dopaminergic stimulation is beneficial for NMS and health‐related quality of life in PD in addition to the reduction of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society     

食管、贲门癌术后胃管、十二指肠营养管脱落原因分析及护理

目的：探讨食管、贲门癌术后胃管、十二指肠营养管脱落原因分析及护理对策。方法：对食管癌贲门癌术后发生胃管、十二指肠营养管脱落的原因分析,脱落13例。结果：针对脱管原因,采取了对应的护理措施,避免脱管再次发生。结论：做好心理护理及术前、术后的健康教育,固定管道,观察患者的病情动态,使脱管现象不再发生。     

Duodenal adenocarcinoma: patterns of failure after resection and the role of chemoradiotherapy

PURPOSE: To report patterns of disease recurrence after resection of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and compare outcomes between patients undergoing surgery only vs. surgery with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CT-RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing potentially curative therapy for adenocarcinoma of the duodenum at Duke University Medical Center and affiliated hospitals between 1975 and 2005. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate regression analysis evaluated the effect of CT-RT on clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were identified (23 M, 9 F). Median age was 60 years (range, 32-77 years). Surgery alone was performed in 16 patients. An additional 16 patients received either preoperative (n = 11) or postoperative (n = 5) CT-RT. Median RT dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 12.6-54 Gy). All patients treated with RT also received concurrent 5-fluorouracil-based CT. Two patients treated preoperatively had a pathologic complete response (18%), and none had involved lymph nodes at resection. Five-year OS, DFS, and LC for the entire group were 48%, 47%, and 55%, respectively. Five-year survival did not differ between patients receiving CT-RT vs. surgery alone (57% vs. 44%, p = 0.42). However, in patients undergoing R0 resection, CT-RT appeared to improve OS (5-year 83% vs. 53%, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Local failure after surgery alone is high. Given the patterns of relapse with surgery alone and favorable outcomes in patients undergoing complete resection with CT-RT, the use of CT-RT in selected patients should be considered.     

消化道多发黄色瘤1例

胃是黄色瘤高发部位,近年来,食管、十二指肠、结直肠甚至咽喉部等单一部位黄色瘤有见报道,但食管、胃、十二指肠、结肠同时受累较为罕见。本文就1例食管胃肠多发、胃部呈连续性大片状、全胃受累的黄色瘤病例进行报道。     

Emergency Department Presentation of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Two Cases in Marine Corps Recruits

Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a relatively rare etiology of proximal intestinal obstruction. Obstruction results from marked narrowing of the angle between the SMA and aorta, causing compression of the third portion of the duodenum, most commonly as a result of precipitous weight loss. Intermittent non-specific symptoms at presentation often result in a delayed diagnosis, thus the importance of being aware of this condition. Objective: To familiarize emergency physicians with the presentation of SMA syndrome and discuss its diagnosis and management in the emergency department (ED). Case Report: We present two cases of SMA syndrome identified in Marine Corps recruits presenting to our ED. Conclusion: Emergency physicians should include SMA syndrome in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain and vomiting in individuals with predisposing factors.     

Hypotonic duodenograms of postbulbar duodenal lesions: Pictorial essay

General features are described and examples are provided of the radiological manifestations of postbulbar duodenal lesions, particularly the findings on hypotonic duodenograms. Hypotonic duodenography does not always reveal the characteristic findings of postbulbar duodenal lesions, but it helps to evaluate luminal stenosis and diagnose disease entities even in lesions that show non‐specific findings. Radiologists should be familiar with the radiological findings of postbulbar duodenal lesions and know which kinds of lesions can affect the postbulbar duodenum. This is important in making a differential diagnosis and in preventing delays in diagnosis.     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊治

目的：探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析29例患临床资料，并结合有关献分析原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的发病情况，癌前病变，误诊原因、手术及再手术的选择。结果：十二指肠恶性肿瘤以降部乳头区和腺癌最为常见；十二指肠绒毛状瘤是癌前病变之一；主要误诊疾病为阻塞性黄疸、消化性溃疡、胆总管结石、消化道出血及小肠梗阻；29例中行胰十二指肠切除术13例及改道短路手术9例，根治性切除率为44．83％。结论：原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤发病率低，易误诊；术前最有效的诊断方法为十二指肠镜加活检和十二指肠气钡双重造影；治疗首选胰十二指肠切除术。