产时体温异常孕妇中组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎的相关因素及产后母婴感染风险分析

目的探讨产时体温异常的孕妇中组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎(HCA)的相关因素及HCA对产后母婴感染性疾病的影响。方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院分娩且产时体温≥37.5℃的孕妇,根据胎盘病理结果将其分为HCA组和对照组。比较两组间临床特征及实验室检查的差异,采用多变量logistic回归分析评估与HCA相关的因素,并比较两组间产后母婴感染风险差异。结果妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)(OR=1.57,95%CI 1.082.28)、胎膜早破(PROM)(OR=1.41,95%CI 1.091.82)、胎膜破裂持续时间≥24 h(OR=1.61,95%CI 1.032.51)、产程中最高体温≥38℃(OR=1.37,95%CI 1.071.76)、解脲支原体感染(OR=1.54,95%CI 1.072.22)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)≥12mg/L(OR=2.05,95%CI 1.622.59)是HCA的相关因素,且上述因素数量越多,该孕妇其存在HCA的可能性越大。同时,HCA会导致产褥感染及新生儿败血症风险增加。结论在产时体温异常的孕妇中,GDM、PROM、胎膜破裂持续时间≥24 h、产程中最高体温≥38℃、解脲支原体感染、CRP≥12mg/L等因素与HCA密切相关,且HCA的存在会增加产后母婴感染风险。对于此类高度怀疑存在HCA的孕妇,建议采取更积极的产科干预措施,并在产后加强预防性抗感染治疗,以改善孕妇和新生儿的预后。     

Redefining 3Dimensional placental membrane microarchitecture using multiphoton microscopy and optical clearing

IntroductionRemodeling of human placental membranes (amniochorionic or fetalmembrane) throughout gestation, a necessity to accommodate increasing uterine volume, involves continuous alterations (replacement of cells and remodeling of extracellular matrix). Methodologic limitations have obscured microscopic determination of cellular and layer-level alterations. This study used a combination of advanced imaging by multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy along with tissue optical clearing to characterize the 3Dimensional multilayer organization of placental membranes.MethodsPlacental membranes biopsies (6 mm) collected from term, not-in-labor cesarean deliveries (n = 7) were fixed in 10% formalin (native) or treated with 2,2′-thiodiethanol to render them transparent for deeper imaging. Native and cleared tissues were imaged using MPAM (cellular autofluorescence) and SHG (fibrillar collagen). Depth z-stacks captured the amnion epithelium, underlying matrix layers, and in the cleared biopsies, the decidua layer.ResultsMPAM and SHG revealed fetal membrane epithelial topography and collagen organization in multiple matrix layers. Term amnion layers showed epithelial shedding and gaps. Optical clearing provided full-depth imaging with improved visualization of collagen structure, mesenchymal cells in extracellular matrix layers, and decidua morphology. Layer thicknesses measured by imaging corroborated with histology. Mosaic tiling of MPAM/SHG image stacks allowed large area visualization of entire biopsies.ConclusionMPAM-SHG microscopy allowed for study of this multi-layered tissue and revealed shedding, gap formation, and other structural changes. This approach could be used to study structural changes associated with membranes as well as other uterine tissues to better understand events in normal and abnormal parturition.     

70例胎膜早破孕产妇病原学药敏分析

目的:分析孕产妇胎膜早破病原体与药敏试验,了解病原体与耐药性分布。方法:采用2004年NCCLS标准与K-B纸片法操作规程,质控菌:葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)、大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)、铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC27853)及肺炎克雷伯菌(ATCC700603)作对照,观察70例胎膜早破孕产妇细菌感染治疗情况。结果:70例胎膜早破孕妇中细菌检测率90.00%(63/70),其中足月妊娠孕妇11.43%(8/70);经病原学检测,其中葡萄球菌51.43%(36/70);大肠埃希菌18.57%(13/70);铜绿假单胞菌7.14%(5/70);肺炎克雷伯菌12.86%(3/70)。观察组胎膜早破与对照组治愈率比较,有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:针对药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物规范治疗,可降低胎膜早破感染的发生率。     

薏苡利浊清毒方合并奥美拉唑治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关性十二指肠溃疡的临床研究

目的:研究薏苡利浊清毒方合并奥美拉唑治疗幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)相关性十二指肠溃疡的临床疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的120例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组1组、对照2组,治疗组用薏苡利浊清毒方合并奥美拉唑20mg,每日2次,对照1组用三联杀菌药物1周后单独予奥美拉唑20mg,每日2次,对照2组单纯服用薏苡利浊清毒方,每日2次,各组均治疗4周。观察各组胃镜、Hp根除率、不良反应及溃疡复发率等,评价其效果。结果:治疗组、对照1组对十二指肠溃疡的愈合作用及Hp根除作用优于对照2组,P<0.05,治疗组与对照1组无显著差异,P>0.05。治疗组对复发溃疡的抑制作用均优于对照1组和对照2组,P<0.05。结论:薏苡利浊清毒方合并奥美拉唑对Hp相关性十二指肠溃疡有治疗作用,且不良反应及复发率少于三联杀菌药物。     

急诊动脉介入栓塞术在肝脾破裂救治中的应用

目的：探讨急诊动脉介入栓塞术在肝脾破裂救治中的临床应用价值,为临床治疗策略的制定提供参考。方法对58例肝脾破裂患者采用急诊动脉介入栓塞术进行治疗。记录患者的手术时间、导管造影诊断成功率、血管栓塞的情况、患者术后的存活率以及术后并发症的发生情况。同时通过随访,记录患者后遗症的发生情况。结果58例患者中,55例一次栓塞成功,占94．8％;3例二次栓塞成功,无栓塞失败病例,导管造影诊断成功率为100．0％。31例栓塞动脉为脾动脉,10例为肝动脉,8例为肝右动脉,2例为肝左动脉。平均手术时间为（57．8±15．6） min。所有患者均成功止血,术后患者存活率为100．0％。2例术后并发胆漏,1例并发脾脓肿,术后并发症发生率为5．2％。所有患者术后恢复情况良好,未发生后遗症。结论急诊动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝脾破裂具有良好的临床疗效,可在保留患者肝脏、脾脏的情况下,有效控制出血,稳定患者的病情,提高临床抢救的成功率。     

胆道探查致十二指肠损伤的诊治分析

目的探讨胆道探查致十二指肠损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2005年5月-2008年5月9例胆道探查致十二指肠损伤病案的临床资料。结果3例术中及时发现并行穿孔修补后痊愈出院;6例术中未及时发现而再次手术,其中1例行穿孔修补,4例行穿孔处置管引流＋腹腔冲洗＋肝下及十二指肠后置双套管持续负压引流＋胃肠减压后痊愈出院;1例非手术治疗并发MODS死亡。结论积极预防是重点,术中及时发现和正确处理是关键,并发十二指肠瘘后建立可靠通畅的十二指肠内外引流简单而有效。     

3种疗程三联疗法根除十二指肠溃疡病人幽门螺杆菌感染的比较(英文)

目的 :通过与 7d三联疗法比较 ,观察 3d和 5d三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)和治疗十二指肠溃疡的疗效。方法 :116例经胃镜检查确诊为十二指肠溃疡活动期并经快速尿素酶试验和血清抗Hp抗体 (ELASE)或病理学检查确定为Hp阳性的病人分为 3组 :3d(3d组 ,39例 )和 5d试验组 (5d组 ,37例 )和 7d对照组 (7d组 ,4 0例 )。 3组均给予三联治疗 :雷贝拉唑 10mg +呋喃唑酮 10 0mg +克拉霉素 2 5 0mg ,每日 2次 ,疗程分别为 3,5和 7d ,后再给予雷贝拉唑 10mg ,每日 1次 ,3d组为 2 5d ,5d组为 2 3d ,7d组为 2 1d。并于抗Hp方案结束后d 2 8～ 5 6内作13C 尿素呼气试验判断Hp根除率的效果。同时在用药后d 1,3,5 ,7,2 1和 35对病人的上腹痛、反酸以及上腹烧灼感等症状进行评估。结果 :10 7例病人完成全部治疗方案 ,9例失访 ,3,5 ,7d组人数分别为 37,35 ,35例。Hp根除率 3d组为 76 % (2 8/ 37) ,5d组为 89% (31/ 35 ) ,7d组为91% (32 / 35 ) ,5d组和 7d组之间差异无显著意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ,且均高于 3d组 (P <0 .0 5 )。3组从用药d 1起均能有效改善病人的上腹痛、反酸、上腹烧灼感等症状 ,各组症状缓解率无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :3组治疗方案均能有效缓解十二指肠溃疡病人的症状 ,而根除Hp ,5d和 7d疗程较 3d疗程为优     

早产合并胎膜早破81例分析

目的 探讨早产合并胎膜早破(preterm premature rupture of membranes,PPROM)的易发因素、临床处理及妊娠结局.方法 对8l例PPROM进行回顾性分析.结果 77.7%的PPROM有易发因素存在.孕28-34 6周PPROM新生儿发病率明显高于孕35～36 6周者.结论 对于孕28-34 6周PPROM宜采取期待疗法,以减少新生儿合并症的发生.     

Preterm premature rupture of membranes: is home care acceptable?

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes is a frequent obstetric condition associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Conventional management is in hospital. Outpatient management is an alternative in selected cases; however, the safety of home management has not been established.

Objective: To study the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 34 weeks who were managed as outpatient (outpatient care group), compared with those managed in hospital (hospital care group).

Study design: A retrospective cohort study between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 in three French tertiary care centers.

Results: Ninety women were included in the outpatient care group and 324 in the hospital care group. In the outpatient care group, the gestational age at membrane rupture was lower, compared to the hospital care group (28.8 (26.6–30.5) vs. 30.3 (27.6–32.1) weeks; p?p?Conclusion: We observed no major complication related to home care after a period of observation. A randomized study would be necessary to confirm its safety.     

幽门螺杆菌与门脉高压性胃病及溃疡病的关系分析

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)与肝硬化并发胃及十二指肠病变的关系。方法对193例肝硬化患者HP感染进行检测并分析HP感染与门脉高压性胃病(PHG)及肝源性溃疡的关系。结果肝硬化患者HP感染率与慢性胃炎(CG)接近;HP感染率在肝硬化有、无PHG及轻、重型PHG组间无显著差异;肝硬化伴十二指肠溃疡(DU)组HP感染率高于不伴溃疡组而与DU对照组接近;肝硬化伴胃溃疡(GU)组HP感染率与不伴溃疡组无显著差异,而显著低于GU对照组。结论肝硬化患者,HP与DU关系密切,而与PHG及GU无显著关系。