Encapsulation of pomegranate peel extract in sucrose matrix by co-crystallization

Many researchers have turned their attention to the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peels. However, polyphenols are unstable compounds and this is the biggest deterrent to their use in the food industry. The aim of this study was the effective encapsulation of pomegranate peel phenolic extract in the matrix of sucrose by co-crystallization utilizing three different experimental designs, the two level factorial design (F), the Central Composite design (CCP), and the Box-Behnken design (ΒΒ), from which the one with the higher predictive ability was selected. The examined parameters were the temperature (125–140 °C) at which the extract is incorporated into the sucrose matrix, the extract soluble solids concentration extract (30–60 °Brix), as well as the dry extract to sucrose ratio (0.1–0.7 g/g). The formed powders were analyzed for their physicochemical properties (moisture content, hygroscopicity, solubility, bulk density, color, antioxidant activity). Both the individual optimum conditions for maximizing efficiency and the composite optimum conditions for simultaneously maximizing efficiency and minimizing moisture content across all three different designs of experiments were determined. Of the studied designs, the CCP was the one with the better predictive ability as it presented the smallest deviations between experimental and predicted efficiency values in both optimum and randomized experiments.     

Long-Term (up to 38 Years) Failure Modes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Adult Patients Who Had Childhood Infection of Hip

BackgroundThe long-term failure modes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in adult patients who had childhood infection have not been documented. The purpose of this study is to analyze the longer term clinical and radiographic results, prevalence of osteolysis, and survival rate of THA.MethodsWe reviewed the results of 142 patients (145 hips) (mean age 41.9 years). The age of the patients at the time that the infection was contracted was an average of 7.1 years (range 1-11). The average interval between active infection and THA was 34.5 years. All but 2 hips (1 patient) had a quiescent period of infection of more than 10 years. The average duration of follow-up after THA was 31.5 years (range 25-38).ResultsAll but 2 hips with more than 10 years of quiescent infection had no recurrence of infection. The remaining 2 hips in the 1 patient with only 7 years of quiescent infection had a recurrence of infection. Seventy-eight of 145 hips (54%) underwent isolated cup revision for loosening, or osteolysis, or dislocation. Thirty (21%) femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening and/or osteolysis. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve at 31.5 years showed that the survival rate of the acetabular component was 46% (95% confidence interval 39-74) and that of the femoral component was 79% (95% confidence interval 73-89).ConclusionContributing factors to the high failure rate of THAs were less than optimal prostheses and poor quality of polyethylene during the time period of this study.     

Biomechanical Evaluation of Platform Switching: Different Mismatch Sizes,Connection Types,and Implant Protocols

Background: It is not yet well understood to what extent different implant–abutment mismatch sizes and implant–abutment connection types may influence the peri‐implant biomechanical environment of implants in different clinical situations. Methods: Computed tomography–based finite element models comprising a maxillary central incisor socket and 4.5 × 13 mm outer‐diameter implants with external and internal hex connection types were constructed. The abutments were designed with diameters of 3.5 mm (platform switching [PS] with 1 mm of diametral mismatch [PS ? 1]), 4.0 mm (PS with 0.5 mm of diametral mismatch [PS ? 0.5]), and 4.5 mm (conventional matching implant–abutment design [CD]). Analysis of variance at the 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate peak equivalent strain (EQV strain) in the bone, bone volume affected by a strain >4,000 με (EQV strain >4,000 με), the peak von Mises stress (EQV stress) in abutment screw, and the bone–implant relative displacement. Results: Similar bone strain levels (EQV strain and EQV strain >4,000 με) were encountered in PS ? 1, PS ? 0.5, and CD models for immediately placed implants, independent of the connection type. For immediately loaded implants, slightly smaller peak EQV strain and EQV strain >4,000 με were found for PS ? 1. However, for both connection types in osseointegrated models, the higher the mismatch size, the lesser the amount of strain found. Conclusions: The increase in mismatch size of PS configuration results in a significant decrease of strain levels in bone for osseointegrated implants, principally for external hex connections. No significant effect of PS could be noted in immediately placed implants.     

正交试验优选和肾络颗粒乙醇提取工艺

目的实验研究和肾络颗粒药物乙醇提取工艺。方法采用正交设计,以大黄素和芍药苷为指标,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间和提取次数等工艺因素的影响。结果影响因素从大到小依次为提取次数乙醇浓度提取时间乙醇用量;其中提取次数对指标成分提取率有显著影响(P0.05),其他三个因素影响不显著(P0.05)。结论最佳提取工艺条件是用浓度为60%的乙醇,提取2次,每次乙醇用量为药材重量的6倍,每次提取时间为40分钟。     

Structure-Based Design of Type II Inhibitors Applied to Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase

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