Infants’ recognition of their mothers’ faces in facial drawings

This study examined the development of ability to recognize familiar face in drawings in infants aged 6–8 months. In Experiment 1, we investigated infants’ recognition of their mothers’ faces by testing their visual preference for their mother’s face over a stranger’s face under three conditions: photographs, cartoons produced by online software that simplifies and enhances the contours of facial features of line drawings, and veridical line drawings. We found that 7- and 8-month-old infants showed a significant preference for their mother’s face in photographs and cartoons, but not in veridical line drawings. In contrast, 6-month-old infants preferred their mother’s face only in photographs. In Experiment 2, we investigated a visual preference for an upright face over an inverted face for cartoons and veridical line drawings in 6- to 8-month-old infants, finding that infants aged older than 6 months showed the inversion effect in face preference in both cartoons and veridical line drawings. Our results imply that the ability to utilize the enhanced information of a face to recognize familiar faces may develop aged around 7 months of age.     

初次发病的腔隙性脑梗死患者认知功能评价

目的对初次发病的腔隙性脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍及其影响因素进行评价。方法对96例初次发病的腔隙性脑梗死患者和40名对照者进行简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、数字广度测验（DST）、词语流畅性测验（VFT）和画钟测验（CDT）测评。结果腔隙性脑梗死患者的MMSE、DST、VFT和CDT评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05)。患者中37例（38.5%）有认知障碍。与单发病灶组比较,多发病灶组的MMSE、DST、VFT和CDT评分减低（P＜0.05）;与其他部位梗死组比较,额叶、丘脑及基底节梗死组的MMSE、DST、VFT和CDT评分减低（P＜0.05）;与无血管危险因素组相比,有血管危险因素组患者的MMSE评分减低（P＜0.05）。结论腔隙性脑梗死患者存在认知功能障碍。病灶数目、病灶部位和血管危险因素都是影响认知功能的重要因素。     

切开旷置挂线配合中药坐浴治疗高位复杂性肛瘘疗效分析

为提高高位复杂性肛瘘的手术效果,减少并发症和后遗症,保持肛门的正常功能和形态,对60例高位复杂性肛瘘患者采用主管切开挂线引流,支管对口挂浮线或旷置引流,术后配合中药坐浴,60例均一次性治愈,肛门功能良好,肛门外观美观,疗程21—58天,平均29．5天。术后随访2～3年未见复发。提示切开旷置挂线配合中药坐浴治疗高位复杂性肛痿根治彻底,保持了肛门的正常功能和形态。     

基于MRI、CT图像HIFU治疗靶区自动勾画的研究

目的以MRI等图像为基础,进行HIFU治疗靶区的自动勾画研究,其勾画精确度希望达到1mm以内,为以后的三维成像、HIFU治疗精确控制提供依据,为完整的HIFU治疗计划系统的基础。方法以MRI等原始图像为基础,利用相关的计算机识别技术对靶区组织进行自动识别、勾画,采用点、面结合的组合图像处理技术方案,应用了包括图像分割阈值获取、多项分割技术的联合应用、组织结构提取等方法的原理与具体算法。结果通过试验发现,此技术方案能够对边界相对不模糊的医学图像(MRI、CT等),比较快速、准确的勾画出目标靶区的效果。结论此方案能够比较准确识别诸如MRI类图像中的指定组织结构,能够比较快速、准确的勾画其边界,在HIFU、放射等医学治疗中有助于精确定位,有助于减少并发症发生率及对重要组织结构的保护。     

两种术式治疗后半蹄铁型肛瘘的疗效对比分析

为探讨治疗后半蹄铁型肛瘘的手术方式及疗效,我们采用隧道式瘘管剔除对口引流术治疗后半蹄铁型肛瘘38例（A组）,隧道式拖线术治疗34例（B组）,并对两组疗效进行对比分析。结果显示,两组治愈率均为100％,其中B组4例经二次扩创后治愈,随访3年无复发。两组均无肛门畸形、肛门失禁等并发症。A组平均疗程为（26．2±3．4）d,B组平均疗程为（28．3±3．1）d。术后2级以上疼痛A组为89．5％（34／38）,平均持续时间（7．3±3．2）d;B组为94．1％（32／34）,平均持续时间（12．8±3．8）d。结果表明,隧道式瘘管剔除对口引流术治疗后半蹄铁型肛瘘疗效显著。     

切开挂线配合留置梅花头导尿管引流术治疗高位肛周脓肿50例临床观察

为探讨高位肛周脓肿的更佳治疗方法,将100例高位肛周脓肿患者随机分为两组,采用切开挂线同时脓腔内留置梅花头导尿管引流术治疗50例为观察组,切开挂线引流术治疗50例为对照组。对术后疼痛、换药时疼痛、体温改善、疗程、遗留肛门锁眼畸形、肛门松弛、后遗肛瘘等情况进行观察。结果显示,观察组明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,采用切开挂线引流术的同时,脓腔内留置梅花头导尿管引流术治疗高位肛周脓肿,可提高一次性根治效果,该法既缩短了疗程,减少患者的痛苦,又保护了肛门括约肌的功能。     

一期切开高位挂线治疗后马蹄形脓肿

采用后位一期切开高位挂线两侧坐骨直肠间隙开窗对口引流治疗后马蹄形脓肿30例，全部一次治愈，疗程20－32d，平均23．6d。术后随访1－4年无遗留肛瘘、肛门狭窄、肛门失禁及肛门畸形。     

The clock drawing test and questionable dementia: reliability and validity

OBJECTIVES: In order to evaluate the suitability of the clock drawing test (CDT) for the detection of questionable dementia (QD), we assessed the inter-rater reliabilities and intercorrelations of four common scoring methods of the CDT in a sample of non-demented subjects and determined the concurrent validity. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 253 discharged general hospital patients, aged between 65 and 85 years. Subjects were screened for cognitive impairment during their hospital stay. Four to six weeks after discharge each non-demented patient was visited at home and interviewed by a trained psychologist. The interview procedure included a cognitive test battery incorporating the CDT, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Syndrome Short Test (SKT), and a verbal fluency test (VF). The criteria of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used to differentiate between cognitively normal subjects and those with QD. Clock drawings were scored independently and blindly by two raters according to four different methods. The agreement between raters was assessed, as well as the agreement between the different scoring methods. The association of gender, education, age, test performance and CDR-rating with CDT scores was examined. Accuracy of the CDT for the detection of QD was calculated. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliabilities were high for all four scoring methods. However, substantial differences among the scoring methods were observed, the proportion of abnormal test results varying between 9% and 50%. The CDT correlated significantly with MMSE, SKT and VF, but correlation coefficients were low (r = 0.13 to r = 0.32). Furthermore, CDT scores were influenced by age, gender, and education. Sensitivity of the CDT for QD was 66%, specificity was 65%; the negative predictive value was 73%, the positive predictive value 58%. CONCLUSION: In a sample of non-demented elderly, the reliability of the CDT was sufficiently high, but the different scoring methods were not equivalent. When established cut-off scores were used, the proportion of abnormal CDTs were significantly different. Concurrent validity with other common cognitive tests was unsatisfactory. The CDT lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the identification of QD and should not be used alone to screen for possible prodromal stages of dementing illnesses. The association of age, gender and level of education with CDT scores should be taken into account by clinicians using the CDT.     

新生儿贫血的多因素分析

目的探索新生儿胎龄、抽血量、出生血红蛋白（Hb）值对新生儿贫血的影响。方法收集该院妇儿科2002年9月~2004年9月出生且出现贫血的新生儿81例，排除一些相关因素的影响后，用多元回归方法分析贫血新生儿最低Hb与胎龄、抽血量、出生Hb的关系。结果贫血新生儿最低Hb与胎龄、出生Hb存在正相关，相关系数分别为3．648、0．061，P均〈0．05；新生儿最低Hb与抽血量成负相关，相关系数一0．263。P〈0．05。结论胎龄愈小、出生Hb愈低，则新生儿贫血程度愈严重；抽血量愈多，贫血愈严重。     

Visual phenomena following light coagulation in central serous retinopathy (CSR)

A report on three patients with illustrations of their visual anomalies following light coagulation for their CSR disease is presented. The correspondence of the phenomena illustrated with the ophthalmoscopically visible fundus changes prove their objective origin.