图、词回忆中的序列位置效应及其年龄变化规律

目的：探讨图、词回忆中的首因和近因效应及其年龄变化规律。方法：采用多维记忆评估量表中的汉词回忆和图画回忆分测验对947人的连续年龄组的大样本进行测试，分析不同通道首因和近因效应的差异和年龄变化规律。结果：受试在汉词和图画自由回忆中，均呈现明显的系列位置效应；受试的首因和近因效应均随年龄的增长而增大。当发展到高峰后则随年龄的增长而减弱，各年龄组间比较有显著差异；首因和近因效应随年龄增长是不平行的，首因效应随年龄的增长变化较大。而近因效应的变化则相对较为平缓；两种不同呈现途径的比较发现，图画回忆的首因和近因效应均高于汉词回忆。结论：视觉和听觉呈现途径均呈现明显的系列位置效应，首因效应和近因效应的发展变化规律与记忆的发展变化规律是一致的。首因效应受年龄的影响较大，在有意义的图画回忆中首因效应和近因效应均高于汉词回忆。     

Interleukin-18 expression and the response to treatment in patients with psoriasis

Introduction

The aim of the study was to demonstrate Interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression in keratinocytes from psoriatic lesions in comparison to keratinocytes from uninvolved skin and to study the change of expression after therapeutic interventions.

Material and methods

This study included 16 patients of different clinical subtypes of psoriasis. IL-18 gene expression analysis was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. Three biopsies were obtained from each patient. Two were taken from the lesional psoriatic skin and from uninvolved skin before starting treatment. A third lesional skin biopsy was taken at the end of two months'' treatment course. The treatment was in the form of topical steroids or oral systemic methotrexate.

Results

Of all 16 studied patients significantly increased IL-18 expression was noted in keratinocytes from psoriatic lesions before and after treatment when compared to keratinocytes from uninvolved skin (P = 0.001 and 0.002 respectively). The IL-18 expression in the skin lesions after treatment was significantly lower than lesional skin before treatment (P = 0.023). In psoriatic skin lesions of all studied patients IL-18 expression was significantly correlated with disease duration (r = 0.40 and P = 0.01) and clinical severity of psoriasis (r = 0.72 and P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Increased IL-18 expression in keratinocytes from psoriatic lesions of our patients and its correlation with disease duration and severity supported the concept which views psoriasis as a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. This could establish therapeutic and preventive approaches for psoriasis that ultimately lead to improved outcomes for patients.     

TGFBI基因相关的Thiel-Behnke角膜营养不良家系的建立者效应分析

目的 对2个Thiel-Behnke角膜营养不良的家系进行基因诊断和建立者效应分析.方法 提取家系A中15名成员(13例患者,2名健康成员)、家系B中14例成员(6例患者,8名健康成员)以及20名健康自愿者的基因组DNA,通过DNA测序检测转化生长因子β诱导基因(transforming growth factor beta induced,TGFBI/BIGH3)的突变,并对2个家系成员进行单倍型分析.结果 所有患者TGFBI基因的第12外显子发生R555Q突变,2个家系成员具有部分相同的单倍型.结论 基因检测有助于Thiel-Behnke角膜营养不良的确诊.2个患病家系可能来自于同一祖先.     

Antidepressant-like effect of centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive caramiphen in a forced swimming test

Recently, we reported that a centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive (cough suppressant drug), tipepidine produces an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in rats. Because pharmacological properties of tipepidine apparently differ from those of typical antidepressants developed to date, we speculated that caramiphen, another centrally acting antitussive, has an antidepressant-like effect. That effect of caramiphen was studied in rats using the forced swimming test. Caramiphen at 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p. significantly reduced immobility. At 40 mg/kg i.p., it increased climbing behavior. Even at 40 mg/kg, this drug had no effect on locomotor activity. Results suggest that a centrally acting antitussive possessing inhibition of GIRK channels has an antidepressant-like effect.     

帕罗西汀合并小剂量奎硫平治疗广泛性焦虑症临床对照研究

目的探讨小剂量奎硫平在治疗广泛性焦虑症中的疗效和副作用。方法将70例广泛性焦虑症患者随机分为单用组(单用帕罗西汀)和合用组(帕罗西汀合用奎硫平)。疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及副反应。结果①两组治疗后HAMA评分均较治疗前明显下降(P均0.01);两组间比较,合用组起效快,治疗第1、4、6周末,合用组HAMA评分显著低于单用组(P均0.05);②合用组疗效优于单用组,但在第6周末疗效差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.99,P0.05);③两组不良反应比较无明显差异(χ2=1.08,P0.05)。结论帕罗西汀合用小剂量奎硫平治疗广泛性焦虑症起效快,可增加疗效,安全性好。     

Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from facial expressions

The present study used the redundant target paradigm on healthy subjects to investigate functional hemispheric asymmetries and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from faces. In Experiment 1 participants responded to checkerboards presented either unilaterally to the left (LVF) or right visual half field (RVF), or simultaneously to both hemifields (BVF), while performing a pointing task for the control of eye movements. As previously reported (Miniussi et al. in J Cogn Neurosci 10:216-230, 1998), redundant stimulation led to shorter latencies for stimulus detection (bilateral gain or redundant target effect, RTE) that exceeded the limit for a probabilistic interpretation, thereby validating the pointing procedure and supporting interhemispheric cooperation. In Experiment 2 the same pointing procedure was used in a go/no-go task requiring subjects to respond when seeing a target emotional expression (happy or fearful, counterbalanced between blocks). Faster reaction times to unilateral LVF than RVF emotions, regardless of valence, indicate that the perception of positive and negative emotional faces is lateralized toward the right hemisphere. Simultaneous presentation of two congruent emotional faces, either happy or fearful, produced an RTE that cannot be explained by probability summation and suggests interhemispheric cooperation and neural summation. No such effect was present with BVF incongruent facial expressions. In Experiment 3 we studied whether the RTE for emotional faces depends on the physical identity between BVF stimuli, and we set a second BVF congruent condition in which there was only emotional but not physical or gender identity between stimuli (i.e. two different faces expressing the same emotion). The RTE and interhemispheric cooperation were present also in this second BVF congruent condition. This shows that emotional congruency is the sufficient condition for the RTE to take place in the intact brain and that the cerebral hemispheres can interact in spite of physical differences between stimuli.     

26例9号染色体臂间倒位的表型效应的探讨

目的探讨9号染色体臂间倒住的临床及遗传效应。方法通过对外周血淋巴细胞培养，制备染色体。G显带染色体分析。结果2317例病人中检出26例9号染色体臂间倒位（1．12％），其中有15例患者（占58％）伴有流产、不育、不孕、胎儿畸形等临床表现，2例合并有染色体数目异常。结论9号染色体臂间倒位具有一定遗传效应不应忽视。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 评价阿立哌唑对首发精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法 60例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予阿立哌唑和氯氮平治疗6周,采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效,不良反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果 阿立哌唑组治疗6周末PANSS总分减分率64．85％,有效率93．33％。氯氮平组治疗6周末PANSS总分减分率74．91％,有效率90．00％。阿立哌唑对精神分裂症的阳性症状、阴性症状及一般精神病理学症状均有良好疗效,两组间疗效差异无显著性。结论 阿立哌唑是治疗首发精神分裂症的一种有效药物。且安全性好．     

早期Alzheimer病患者语义记忆研究

目的：评估早期Alzheimer病患者语义记忆损害。方法：自编语义记忆测试工具，对22例Alzheimer病患者语义记忆损害评估作了纵向的研究．其中男10例，女12例。同时进行简明精神状况量表评定。结果：AD患者的2次MMSE评分明显差于正常对照组（P〈O．001）。在两个词的并列关系中，AD患者语义性启动操作起初并不同步。在并列条件测试中．先出现高启动效应．然后下降。在特征条件测试中，始终呈低启动效应。结论：AD病患者有着显著的动态语义记忆退化。