NLR和PLR对腹膜透析患者腹膜炎的预测价值

目的:通过分析影响腹膜透析患者腹膜炎患病特征,探究血清中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）和血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）对腹膜透析患者腹膜炎的预测价值。方法:纳入2020年1月—2021年10月首次接受腹膜透析患者共203例为研究对象,随访6个月,诊断腹膜炎41例。比较腹膜炎组与无腹膜炎组性别、年龄、体重指数、原发肾脏疾病、基础疾病、吸烟、透析龄、肺炎和肠道感染情况,实验室指标包括白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白、血肌酐、血钾、血钙、白蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、C反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原（PCT）,计算NLR、PLR和估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。结果:41例患者发生1次腹膜炎34例,两次及以上7例,发生时间为透析后1~6个月,中位时间3.5个月。病原学检查发现,41例患者革兰阳性菌（G+）感染22例,革兰阴性菌（G-）感染17例,真菌2例。单因素比较发现,腹膜炎组比无腹膜炎组年龄增加,糖尿病和肠道感染增多,透析龄延长,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数、血肌酐、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、CRP和PCT、NLR和PLR水平升高,而白蛋白降低,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝12.433～5.968;t＝4.526～22.325,均P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肠道感染（OR=3.652,95%CI:2.485~5.023,P＜0.001）、透析龄（OR=5.524,95%CI:3.896~7.215,P＜0.001）、高NLR（OR=4.425,95%CI:2.967~5.632,P＜0.001）和高PLR（OR=4.021,95%CI:2.536~5.021,P＜0.001）是腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎的独立危险因素。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线显示,NLR和PLR预测腹膜炎的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.852和0.813,临界值分别为2.8和106.7,敏感性分别为85.6%和80.7%,特异性分别为77.9%和86.4%。结论:腹膜透析有较高的腹膜炎发生率,发生峰值在3.5个月,以G+或G-感染为主,肠道感染、透析龄延长、高NLR和高PLR水平是腹膜炎的独立危险因素,血清NLR和PLR监测对早期预测腹膜炎有重要的应用潜力。     

Dermatopolymyositis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Study of 3 cases

3 new cases of dermatomyositis associated with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and, more exceptionally, with Sj?gren's syndrome are reported. The pulmonary fibrosis observed in patients with dermatomyositis differs from that found in other connective tissue diseases in that it follows a more acute course and may respond to corticosteroids. Thus, in 2 of these patients treated with corticosteroids (combined in 1 case with cyclophosphamide) the high percentage of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclears in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, which reflects alveolitis activity, was reduced and the pulmonary fibrosis was cured in one patient and stabilized in the other.     

A case of an epithelioid glioblastoma with the BRAF V600E mutation colocalized with BRAF intact low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma

Epithelioid glioblastomas are one of the rarest histological variants of glioblastomas, which are not formally recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Epithelioid glioblastomas usually occur as primary lesions, but there have been several reports of secondary epithelioid glioblastomas or epithelioid glioblastomas with pre‐ or co‐existing lesions to date. The serine/threonine‐protein kinase B‐Raf (BRAF) V600E mutation has been found at a high frequency of 54% in epithelioid glioblastomas. We present a case of a 26‐year‐old female patient with an epithelioid glioblastoma with the BRAF V600E mutation in her right frontal lobe. In the present case, a low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma component had colocalized with the epithelioid glioblastoma. The component presented prominent calcification on neuroimages as well as by histology, and low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma was considered to be a precursor lesion of an epithelioid glioblastoma. However, the BRAF V600E mutation was detected only in epithelioid glioblastoma but not in low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a discrepancy in the BRAF V600E mutation states between epithelioid glioblastoma and colocalized low‐grade astrocytoma.     

Pediatric gliomas as neurodevelopmental disorders

Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor of childhood, with gliomas comprising the largest fraction of these cancers. Several features distinguish them from their adult counterparts, including their natural history, causative genetic mutations, and brain locations. These unique properties suggest that the cellular and molecular etiologies that underlie their development and maintenance might be different from those that govern adult gliomagenesis and growth. In this review, we discuss the genetic basis for pediatric low‐grade and high‐grade glioma in the context of developmental neurobiology, and highlight the differences between histologically‐similar tumors arising in children and adults. GLIA 2016;64:879–895     

克罗恩病并发淋巴瘤1例报告暨文献复习

目的 总结克罗恩病并发淋巴瘤的临床特点及诊治方法. 方法 介绍1例克罗恩病并发淋巴瘤的病例资料并进行文献复习. 结果 该患者1年前曾因克罗恩病行回盲部切除术,后再发反复腹泻、腹痛1月,入院后行原吻合口切除、胃部分切除、十二指肠部分切除带蒂末端回肠瓣修补、胆囊切除术+胆道探查、十二指肠造瘘、空肠营养管置入和小肠侧侧吻合术.病理回报:结肠克罗恩病;胃窦非霍奇金淋巴瘤(弥漫大B细胞型). 结论 当克罗恩病患者发现腹部肿块、腹水征、腹腔淋巴结肿大、肠套叠、原有治疗方案失去效果时,应考虑到并发淋巴瘤的可能,治疗上手术加化疗效果较好.     

Fistulizing TB peritonitis during CAPD.

Case A 42-year-old woman who was receiving long-term continuous ambulatoryperitoneal dialysis (CAPD) for renal failure was admitted tothe hospital because of high fever and chills. Five years earlier,she had been diagnosed to have tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitisbased on neck lymph-node biopsy and had been treated with     

Management of bacterial peritonitis and exit‐site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis*

SUMMARY: Peritonitis and exit‐site infections remain the most important limitations to the delivery of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Contamination of the peritoneum, from endogenous or exogenous sources, is responsible for most peritonitis episodes. Patients usually present with a cloudy bag, although other causes should be distinguished. Clinical suspicion of peritonitis should be followed rapidly by microbiological examination and empirical treatment. Microbiological confirmation allows for subsequent treatment based on sensitivities. Other interventions such as catheter removal may be appropriate in some patients. Exit‐site infections should also be identified and treated early. Peritonitis may be further prevented by adequate exit‐site care, hygienic methods, and techniques to minimise early contamination of the exit site. Mupirocin may also have a role in preventing infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.     

Infected urocolpos and generalized peritonitis secondary to labia minora adhesions

Introduction

Labia minora adhesions (LMA) are a common finding in young girls. Usually, this condition is asymptomatic and spontaneously disappears during adolescence. We report on a case revealed by infected urocolpos and peritonitis and whose treatment finally required surgical reduction labioplasty.

Case report

A 9-year-old girl presented with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and fever. Urinary continence had never been obtained, with diurnal leaks. Physical examination showed signs of peritoneal irritation and a subtotal vulvar obstruction due to LMA. At surgery, after LMA lysis, a large amount of cloudy urine-like fluid emptied under pressure from the vagina. Laparoscopy showed generalized peritonitis without any intraabdominal cause. The same Escherichia coli was identified in the infected urocolpos and the abdominal fluid. Postoperative course was uneventful.Because of recurrent LMA, the patient underwent several courses of local estrogen therapy. Labia minora hypertrophy with LMA developed 2 years after peritonitis, requiring surgical reduction labioplasty. We used a new technique with interposition of skin flaps. The girl is now well, without LMA or infection, 4 years after labioplasty.

Conclusion

Although rare, subtotal vulvar obstruction because of LMA may lead to infected hydrocolpos and peritonitis. Recurrent LMA may necessitate surgical labioplasty.     

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis — Is a preoperative diagnosis possible? Report of three cases

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that is usually diagnosed during a laparotomy; however, a preoperative diagnosis is possible. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis can be classified as primary or idiopathic and secondary types and only about 70 cases of idiopathic type have been reported since it was first described. It is characterized by a total or partial encasement of the small bowel by a thick fibrotic membrane. This report presents a series of three cases in which a diagnosis of idiopathic SEP was made preoperatively based on the clinical features and radiological findings, which were confirmed by a laparotomy and histopathology. All of the cases were successfully managed by the excision of the membrane. This report demonstrates that based on the clinical features and radiological investigations, in the absence of other plausible etiologies for intestinal obstruction, it is possible to suspect a preoperative diagnosis of SEP, thereby preventing a “surprise“ finding during a laparotomy and allowing for better management.     

Comparing long-term outcomes between early and delayed initiation of peritoneal dialysis following catheter implantation

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare peritonitis rates, peritoneal dialysis technique survival and patient survival between patients who started peritoneal dialysis earlier than 14 days (early starters) and 14 days or more (delayed starters) after insertion of a Tenckhoff catheter. Methods: Observational analysis was performed for all patients who underwent insertion of a Tenckhoff catheter at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups: early and delayed starters. The rate and outcomes of peritonitis were recorded. Peritoneal dialysis technique survival and patient survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed for peritoneal dialysis technique failure and patient mortality. Results: There were 80 early starters and 69 delayed starters. The peritonitis rate was 0.18 episodes per year in early starters and 0.13 episodes per year in delayed starters. There was no significant difference of peritonitis free survival (p?=?0.146), peritoneal dialysis technique survival (p?=?0.273) and patient survival (p?=?0.739) at 1, 3, 5 years between early starters and delayed starters. After adjustment with age, albumin and diabetes, early starters did not have an increased risk of peritonitis, technique failure and mortality compared to delayed starters. Conclusion: Compared to the patients who started peritoneal dialysis 14 days or more after catheter implantation, the patients who started earlier did not have an increased risk of peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis technique failure and mortality.