NOS抑制剂对成年大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后海马齿状回神经发生的影响

目的观察一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂对成年大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后齿状回神经发生的影响。方法建立成年弥漫性脑损伤(DBI)大鼠模型,采用5-溴脱氧尿核苷(BrdU)标记分裂细胞及免疫组织化学方法比较弥漫性脑损伤后2、4、6、8、12 d时NOS抑制剂干预组大鼠与相应对照组大鼠之间海马齿状回神经前体细胞的增殖速度。结果成年大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后应用7-硝基引唑(7-NI) 进行干预可抑制脑损伤后第2、4、6天时齿状回神经前体细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。应用氨基胍进行干预可明显减少大鼠弥漫性脑损伤诱导的各个时间点齿状回BrdU免疫阳性细胞数目(P<0.01)。结论NOS可能是弥漫性脑损伤后成年大鼠海马齿状回神经发生过程中一个重要的调节因子,不同类型的NOS在弥漫性脑损伤后神经发生过程中的不同阶段可能扮演了不同的角色。     

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病人女，67岁。因急性胆囊炎、胆总管结石、胆管炎于2006年9月入院。急诊行胆道探查取石、T管引流术，手术顺利。术后第7天出现肺梗死，给予低分子肝素钠40mg／d皮下注射，华法林片3mg／d口服，未经溶栓治疗。病人咯血、胸痛、呼吸困难逐渐好转。术后第14天停用克塞及华法林。     

益气活血冲剂治疗弥漫性轴索损伤对格拉斯哥评分的影响

目的：观察中西医结合治疗弥漫性轴索损伤的疗效,探讨益气活血冲剂口服后对格拉斯哥（Glasgow）计分的影响。方法将62例弥漫性轴索损伤的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各31例,对照组采用常规的脱水降低颅内压、止血药物的运用、护脑治疗及维持水电解质的平衡。治疗组在对照组的基础上加用益气活血冲剂口服,两组疗程一个月,治疗后评定疗效。结果治疗组与对照组治疗前后Glasgow评分组内比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组总显效率平均为75.16%和35.48%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论中西医结合治疗弥漫性轴索损伤有促进患者康复的作用。     

Lower Education Level Is a Major Risk Factor for Peritonitis Incidence in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study with 12-Year Follow-Up

♦ Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis remains an important complication in PD patients, potentially causing technique failure and influencing patient outcome. To date, no comprehensive study in the Taiwanese PD population has used a time-dependent statistical method to analyze the factors associated with PD-related peritonitis.♦ Methods: Our single-center retrospective cohort study, conducted in southern Taiwan between February 1999 and July 2010, used time-dependent statistical methods to analyze the factors associated with PD-related peritonitis.♦ Results: The study recruited 404 PD patients for analysis, 150 of whom experienced at least 1 episode of peritonitis during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of peritonitis was highest during the first 6 months after PD start. A comparison of patients in the two groups (peritonitis vs null-peritonitis) by univariate analysis showed that the peritonitis group included fewer men (p = 0.048) and more patients of older age (≥65 years, p = 0.049). In addition, patients who had never received compulsory education showed a statistically higher incidence of PD-related peritonitis in the univariate analysis (p = 0.04). A proportional hazards model identified education level (less than elementary school vs any higher education level) as having an independent association with PD-related peritonitis [hazard ratio (HR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 2.06; p = 0.045). Comorbidities measured using the Charlson comorbidity index (score >2 vs ≤2) showed borderline statistical significance (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.13; p = 0.053).♦ Conclusions: A lower education level is a major risk factor for PD-related peritonitis independent of age, sex, hypoalbuminemia, and comorbidities. Our study emphasizes that a comprehensive PD education program is crucial for PD patients with a lower education level.     

CD64、降钙素原检测在肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎诊断中的意义

目的：检测肝硬化患者 CD64、血清降钙素原（PCT ）水平,探讨 CD64、血清 PCT 检测对自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）的诊断价值。方法将肝硬化患者分为 SBP 组（45例）、腹水非 SBP 组（93例）及对照组3组（50例）,应用流式细胞术测定 CD64;电化学发光免疫法测定 PCT 。分别采集 SBP 组患者在入院后24 h 内、抗菌药物使用前及抗菌药物有效治疗7 d 空腹上肢静脉血,测定患者体内 CD64、PCT 水平,同时行血常规、肝功能、肾功能、凝血功能检查。腹水非 SBP 组及对照组一次性采血测定以上指标。结果 SBP 组 CD64、血清 PCT 水平较腹水非 SBP 组和对照组明显升高（P ＜0．01）。 ROC 曲线分析结果显示 CD64和PCT 的敏感性和特异性分别为95．5％、93．8％和96．1％、85．2％。结论 CD64、PCT 可作为肝硬化 SBP 早期诊断、疗效判定的重要指标。     

最小表观扩散系数、表观扩散系数差及动态增强磁共振成像对乳腺导管微小浸润癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨最小表观扩散系数(ADC_Min)、表观扩散系数差(ADC_DR)及动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)特征对乳腺导管原位癌与微小浸润的鉴别诊断,提高对微小浸润癌诊断价值。方法 收集本院2016年10月至2018年6月27例乳腺导管微小浸润癌(DCIS-Mi)和31例乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)患者,术前行乳腺磁共振成像检查,检查前签署知情同意书。应用Philips Ingenia 3.0T超导磁共振扫描仪和乳腺专用相控阵列表面线圈进行乳腺检查。在表观扩散系数(ADC)图中从多个感兴趣区中选出ADC_Min和最大表观扩散系数,同时计算ADC_DR,此外,分析MRI-DCE特点。结果 DCIS-Mi的ADC_Min明显低于DCIS[(1.15±0.03)×10 ^-3 mm ²/s比(1.34±0.04)×10 ^-3 mm ²/s,t=-7.192,P=0.002],ADC_DR值高于DCIS[(0.32±0.03)×10 ^-3 mm ²/s比(0.18±0.08)×10 ^-3 mm ²/s,t=-10.228,P<0.001];DCIS-Mi早期强化率高于DCIS[159.71(157.82,162.49)%比147.29(143.59,160.22)%,Z=-3.578,P=0.007]。DCIS-Mi表现为非肿块样强化,以节段为主,内部强化特点为不均匀或簇环状强化表现。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,非肿块内部特点、肿块边缘、肿块内部强化特点、时间信号曲线、早期强化率、ADC_Min及ADC_DR为诊断DCIS-Mi最佳变量,最佳变量通过受试者操作特性曲线分析显示,ADC_Min、ADC_DR、非肿块内部强化特点和肿块内部强化特点的曲线下面积、敏感性及特异性较高,临界值分别为:1.12×10 ^-3 mm ²/s、0.31×10 ^-3 mm ²/s、1.50、1.50。结论 DCE-MRI联合ADC值有助于鉴别乳腺DCIS-Mi和DCIS,尤其ADC_Min、ADC_DR、非肿块内部强化和肿块内部强化对鉴别诊断有一定帮助。     

血降钙素原联合中性粒细胞比例对肝病自发性细菌性腹膜炎的诊断意义

目的 探讨血降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)和中性粒细胞比例(percentage of neutrophils, Neu%)对肝病自发性细菌性腹膜炎(spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, SBP)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月在西南医院感染科住院且入院后同时检测PCT、血常规、腹水常规和腹水培养的130例肝病腹水患者临床资料,SBP确诊组89例,其中培养阳性且多形核细胞(polyremorphonuclear,PMN)≥250×106/L 患者10例(SBP1组),培养阳性但PMN<250×106/L 患者11例(SBP2组),培养阴性但PMN≥250×106/L 患者68例(SBP3组);非感染性腹水组41例.比较4组患者入院时的血PCT、Neu%、腹水PMN等指标.通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)评价PCT、Neu%对SBP的诊断价值及效能.结果 PMN≥250×106/L 的SBP患者培养阳性率为12.8%.PCT在培养阳性的腹水患者中显著高于培养阴性的患者[中位数(四分位距)]:[4.51(1.54,8.46)vs 0.77(0.21,1.69),P<0.05].通过ROC曲线分析,PCT诊断SBP1、SBP2、SBP3的最佳界值分别为:0.795、0.265、0.405 ng/mL;AUC值依次为:0.963、0.767、0.714;敏感度依次为:100.00%、90.00%、62.30%;特异度依次为:92.70%、63.40%、80.50%;血常规Neu%诊断的最佳界值分别为:68.45%、62.65%、65.00%;AUC值依次为:0.878、0.756、0.669.依据上述界值,降钙素原和中性粒细胞比例两者串联诊断SBP1、SBP2、SBP3的AUC值依次为:0.976、0.865、0.706.结论 血降钙素原和血常规中性粒细胞比例在SBP中均具有一定的预警效果和诊断价值,不同类型SBP其CUT-OFF值不同,临床可根据实际情况综合分析.     

血清降钙素原在肝硬化腹水中的早期抗菌治疗研究

目的通过对血清降钙素原(PCT)水平在肝硬化腹水多形核中性粒细胞(PMN)250个/μL患者中早期抗菌治疗的研究,为肝硬化腹水患者的早期抗菌治疗提供参考依据。方法选取我院2014年1月~2016年12月住院治疗腹水PMN250个/μL的肝硬化患者100例,随机选取23例为常规治疗组,77例为抗感染治疗组。根据治疗前测得的血清PCT值,将抗感染治疗组分为抗感染治疗A组(PCT0.43 ng/m L,32例)、抗感染治疗B组(0.43 ng/m L≤PCT≤2 ng/m L,24例)和抗感染治疗C组(PCT2 ng/m L,21例),治疗后对四组患者的临床疗效和肝功能指标进行检测。结果治疗后各PCT水平的抗感染治疗组与常规治疗组患者的临床综合疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后四组患者的ALT和TBIL值较治疗前均有显著降低(P0.05),ALB值显著升高(P0.05),但治疗后各组间各指标值比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清PCT水平对早期抗菌治疗的临床指导价值还有待进一步研究,不能作为肝硬化腹水早期抗感染的精确指标,需结合临床实际情况综合评估再确定是否行抗感染治疗。     

Emergency operations for nondiverticular perforation of the left colon

OBJECTIVE: Although diverticulitis is the most common cause of large bowel perforation, other disease may result in left colonic peritonitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence, management, and outcome of patients with different causes of nondiverticular left colonic perforations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1992 to September 2000, 212 surgical patients underwent emergency operation for distal colonic peritonitis. Perforations were caused by diverticulitis in 133 patients (63%) and by a nondiverticular process in 79 (37%). Mortality and morbidity in patients with nondiverticular perforation of the distal large bowel its relationship with the general conditions, the grade and the cause of peritonitis were analysed. Four types of surgical procedures were used. Hartmann's procedure was performed in 40 patients (51%); intraoperative colonic lavage, resection, and primary anastomosis (ICL) in 27 patients (34%); colostomy in 7 (9%); and subtotal colectomy in 5 (6%). RESULTS: Perforated neoplasm, the most common cause of peritonitis, was observed in 30 patients, colonic ischemia in 20, iatrogenia in 13, and other causes in 16 patients. One or more complications were observed in 57 patients (72%); among causes of perforation, colonic ischemia was significantly associated with the longest hospital stay and highest mortality. Eighteen patients (23%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Left large bowel perforation by nondiverticular disease is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The prognosis of patients is determined by the development of septic shock and colonic ischemia, as underlying disease, may influence patient survival.