海外医疗援助中独立型门诊展开的护理工作体会

目的 探讨总结我海军首次在海外展开独立型门诊的护理工作方法.方法 明确护理工作目标,关注细节,从工作前期的充分准备,到展开后对场所区域的设置及对护理人员的分工,细化流程,突出重点,完成护理任务.结果 达成既定目标,确保护理工作展开有序,涉外护理沟通有效,防疫工作实施有力,护理安全督导有方.结论 在海外非医疗场所展开独立...     

住院患者医院感染分布监测分析

目的:了解住院患者医院感染科室及感染部位情况,为预防和控制医院感染提供依据。方法:采用前瞻性和回顾性相结合的病例监测方法,对我院2008年1月～2009年12月连续的住院患者医院感染的监测数据进行描述性分析。结果:2年共监测72 765例住院患者,发生医院感染2500例,感染率为3.44%,感染例次3095例,例次感染率4.25%,感染高发科室是老年病科、血液科和ICU;感染部位以下呼吸道占首位,占40.97%。结论:应加强重点部门和重点科室医院感染管理,针对可能造成医院感染的因素,实施有效控制措施。     

人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现

目的：探讨人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经CT诊断及手术病理证实的35例少见部位包虫病的CT表现。结果：所有病例均为囊型包虫病,腹腔包虫21例,心脏包虫1例,肾脏包虫4例,脾脏包虫5例,胫骨包虫1例,髂骨包虫3例,其中合并肝包虫19例、肺包虫4例。囊型包虫病在CT上因病程和病理的不同可表现为单囊型、多子囊型、钙化等;骨包虫CT表现为病骨呈类多房状膨胀性骨质破坏及周围包囊性病灶,内可见子囊及小碎骨片。结论：少见部位包虫病具有一定的特征性CT表现,结合临床流行病学特点可提高诊断准确率。     

Characterization of VWF gene conversions causing von Willebrand disease

We previously reported that von Willebrand Factor gene (VWF) conversions are a relatively frequent cause of von Willebrand disease (VWD), however, their molecular pathomechanisms resulting in variant phenotypes is largely unknown. Here, we characterized VWF conversions harbouring missense and synonymous mutations, through generating a series of mutant constructs followed by transient expression in 293 cells, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of recombinant VWF (rVWF). The characterization of mutant rVWF showed the critical roles of synonymous variants in the pathogenicity of VWF conversions. The gene conversion variants p.Val1229Gly, p.Asn1231Thr, p.Asn1231Ser and p.Ala1464Pro in the absence of synonymous p.Ser1263= and p.Gln1449= showed minimal effect on rVWF synthesis and activity. Interestingly, a construct including the synonymous variants displayed significantly low rVWF expression and activity. The variant p.Pro1266Leu showed gain of rVWF function toward glycoprotein Ibα; surprisingly, this function was significantly abolished in the presence of gene conversion variants p.Val1229Gly-p.Asn1231Thr. Taken together, our expression studies suggest that synonymous variants in the combination of other gene conversion variants suppress the protein expression, possibly due to defective primary mRNA structure or processing. The variants p.Val1229Gly-p.Asn1231Thr affected the VWF gain of function caused by variant p.Pro1266Leu, probably due to conformational changes in VWF.     

基于SKATER聚类算法设计血吸虫病监测点的探索性研究

目的 探索建立血吸虫病监测点选点方法,提高疫情监测效率与质量。方法 采用基于最小生成树的SKATER聚类算法对安徽省31个历史血吸虫病流行县（区）进行空间约束聚类,从每个聚类中确定1个监测点,评估聚类监测点网络对安徽省血吸虫病疫情的代表性和监测效果,并比较其与当地国家血吸虫病监测点网络监测效果的优劣。结果 聚类监测点与聚类区域的环境因素无显著差异,同质性较高。在选择同样个数的监测点时,聚类监测点与国家血吸虫病监测点在整个地区血吸虫病疫情的平均水平和长期趋势的监测上无显著差异;但在未监测地区的疫情预测和估计上,聚类监测点的效果明显优于国家监测点。结论 基于SKATER聚类算法的血吸虫病监测点选择方法能够更好地代表整个地区的疫情水平,可作为传统监测点选择方法的有效补充。     

Unexpectedly increased rate of surgical site infections following implant surgery for hip fractures: problem solution with the bundle approach

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common nosocomial infections after surgery. However, clinical guidance on how to handle any suspicious clusters of SSI in orthopaedic surgery is missing. We report on problem analysis and solution finding following the observation of an increased rate of SSI in trauma implant surgery.

Setting

Trauma unit of a university hospital.

Methods

Over a 2-year observation period, all patients (n = 370) following surgical stabilisation of proximal femur fractures in a trauma unit of a university hospital were consecutively followed using a standardised case report form. First, a retrospective cohort of 217 patients was collected for whom an increased SSI rate was detected. Based on risk analysis, new standard perioperative procedures were developed and implemented. The impact was evaluated in a prospective cohort of 153 comparable patients. Uni- and multivariable analysis of factors associated with the risk for SSI was undertaken.

Results

The intervention bundle resulted in a significant reduction of an initially increased SSI incidence of 6.9 (down) to 2.0% (p = 0.029). Multivariable analysis revealed four risk factors significantly associated with a higher risk of SSI caused by different bacteria: duration of surgery (p = 0.002), hemiarthroplasty (p = 0.002), haematoma (p = 0.004) and the presence of two operating room staff members (p < 0.001 and 0.035).

Conclusions

A standardised prospective SSI protocol and detection system offering the simultaneous use of data should guarantee every institution immediate alarm registration to avoid comparable problem situations. Detailed interdisciplinary analysis followed by the implementation of coherent interventions, based on a best-evidence structured bundle approach, may adequately resolve similar critical incidence episodes.     

光索气管插管技术在严重颌面瘢痕畸形患者中的应用

目的 观察光索气管插管技术在严重颌面瘢痕畸形患者中的应用效果。方法 选择20例张口困难或头颈部活动受限的严重颌面瘢痕畸形的患者,使用光索辅助进行气管插管,观察完成每例插管所需的时间和并发症的发生率。结果 所有患者使用光索均顺利插入气管导管,最长需时9.5 min,最短1.5 min,术后有3例患者诉咽喉部轻度不适,未出现其他与插管相关的并发症。结论 光索气管插管技术是解决严重颌面瘢痕畸形患者行气管插管困难的有效方法。