微卫星不稳定散发性大肠癌的临床病理特征和DNA倍体研究

目的:探讨微卫星不稳定的散发性大肠癌的临床病理特征及微卫星不稳定表型和DNA倍体类型的关系。方法:对71例散发性大肠癌行BAT25和BAT26两个位点的微卫星不稳定检测和流式细胞术倍体分析,探讨微卫星不稳定状态和临床病理特征及DNA倍体类型的关系。结果:微卫星不稳定的阳性率为9.86%(7/71),微卫星不稳定表型和发病部位、组织学类型及分化程度相关(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、淋巴结转移和分期无关。微卫星不稳定的散发性大肠癌中右半结肠癌和低分化腺癌的比例高于微卫星稳定者。68例患者检出二倍体和异倍体分别为18和50例,微卫星不稳定表型者5例为二倍体,因此和DNA倍体类型显著相关(P=0.012)。结论:微卫星不稳定的散发性大肠癌好发于右半结肠,具有低分化腺癌的倾向,多为二倍体。     

硫酸镍诱导的人支气管上皮细胞系癌变细胞基因组不稳定性分析

目的　检测硫酸镍对基因组不稳定性的影响,从而进一步探讨镍化合物致癌的分子机制。方法　采用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD)技术对经硫酸镍在诱导人支气管上皮细胞系(16HBE)的恶变细胞中的基因组不稳定性进行分析。结果　本实验所选用的7条随机引物均能扩增出清晰、明显的条带,条带数在1~6条之间。7条引物中第1、4、7的3条引物扩增的片段在实验组和对照组之间无差异。其余4条引物均有明显差异,对于同一随机引物它们都具有特异的带型。结论　硫酸镍能诱发16HBE细胞基因组不稳定。     

血脂康对不稳定性心绞痛患者早期血浆C-反应蛋白的影响

近年来越来越多的证据支持炎症反应在动脉粥样硬化及并发症的发生和发展中起重要作用。炎症过程中最具标志性因子CRP，被认为与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病的发生发展以及预后有密切的关系。血脂康的原料为特制红曲，是一种天然复合他汀，并含有不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素、氨基酸、麦角甾醇、生物碱和黄酮类物质。     

散发性大肠癌的错配修复缺陷研究

目的探讨错配修复缺陷的散发性大肠癌的临床病理特征及错配修复缺陷检测手段的应用。方法对71例散发性大肠癌行hMLH1启动子甲基化检测、微卫星不稳定检测以及hMLH1和hMSH2的免疫组化检测,分析错配修复缺陷的散发性大肠癌的临床病理特征,探讨三种检测方法的应用价值。结果hMLH1基因启动子甲基化、微卫星不稳定和错配修复蛋白表达的阳性率分别为9.9%,9.9%和71.0%,三者密切相关。hMLH1启动子甲基化和微卫星不稳定的散发性大肠癌均具有结肠癌多发和低分化腺癌相对多见的特征。错配修复蛋白表达阴性的散发性大肠癌仅具有低分化腺癌相对多见的特征。结论错配修复缺陷的散发性大肠癌具有结肠癌和低分化腺癌多发的倾向,hMLH1启动子甲基化和微卫星不稳定以及错配修复蛋白的失表达三者密切相关。     

III期结直肠癌中NLRC3与预后和肿瘤免疫的关系

目的：探讨核苷酸寡聚化结构域样受体家族半胱天冬酶募集结构域蛋白3(nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain containing 3,NLRC3)与III期结直肠癌的预后及肿瘤免疫相关指标 的关系。方法：回顾性收集中南大学湘雅医院2012年至2013年122例经手术根治切除的III期结直肠癌患者的相关资 料。利用免疫组织化学法分析NLRC3与CD8+ T细胞的表达情况,利用患者的术前临床资料计算中性粒细胞/淋巴细 胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR),并检测其微卫星稳定性。采用χ2检验分析NLRC3与临床病理因素之间的 关系,采用COX回归模型分析III期结直肠癌的独立预后因素。结果：在III期结直肠癌中,肿瘤组织CD8+ T细胞浸润 分期(χ2=27.79,P<0.01)、NLR值(χ2=6.35,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移分期(χ2=10.12,P<0.01)以及微卫星稳定性(χ2=6.05, P<0.05)与NLRC3的表达有关。NLRC3(OR=0.066,95% CI：0.020~0.218)、血管癌栓(OR=3.119,95% CI：1.547~6.286) 及NLR(OR=5.103,95% CI：2.465~10.563)对III期结直肠癌的5年总生存期(overall survival,OS)有影响(均P<0.05);另 外,NLRC3(OR=0.144,95% CI：0.055-0.377)、血管癌栓(OR=3.589,95% CI：1.859~6.932)及NLR(OR=2.939,95% CI： 1.509~5.723)对III期结直肠癌的无病生存期(disease free survival,DFS)同样有影响(均P<0.05)。结论：NLRC3,血管癌栓 和NLR是III期结直肠癌的独立预后因素。NLRC3通过抑制系统性炎症、促进局部抗肿瘤免疫而使III期结直肠癌患者 具有良好的预后。     

Phenotypic and genotypic differences in colorectal carcinoma among Caucasians,Asians, and Hispanics lack statistical significance

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been shown to have both genetic and environmental factors that can promote carcinoma development. Previous studies have found ethnic differences in the distribution of molecular phenotypes of CRC. Very little specific data exist regarding Hispanic CRC, and these data primarily focus on epidemiology or location of carcinoma. Our retrospective study analyzed 562 Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic CRC patients at the UCI Medical Center from 2004 to 2012. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences with respect to mean age, gender or site of carcinoma among the three ethnic groups. There were no statistically significant differences among the three ethnicities with respect to rates of MSI, mutated BRAF, and mutated KRAS. The Caucasian group had a non-significant higher rate of MSI (15%) and BRAF mutation (12%) than the Asian and Hispanic groups. Hispanics had a non-significant higher rate of KRAS mutation (59%) than Caucasians (38%) and Asians (37%). The results of this study demonstrated a higher rate of MSI and BRAF mutation in the Caucasian group and a higher rate of KRAS mutation in the Hispanic group, however differences were not statistically significant.     

Surgical management of medial and lateral elbow instability secondary to acute atypical complex elbow dislocation: Case report and literature review

Introduction and importanceElbow dislocation is common in adults, and complex elbow dislocations are generally associated with bone fractures. Anteromedial coronoid fracture, in association with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) disruption, often results from varus posteromedial forces. “Terrible triad” injuries are more likely to result from valgus posterolateral forces. However, our case presentation has combined medial and lateral elbow instability in addition to “terrible triad” injury of the elbow with no radial head injury.Case presentationThe patient was a 38-year-old man with an atypical complex elbow dislocation. He was successfully treated by stabilizing the medial epicondyle and coronoid anterolateral facet fractures, in addition to LCL repair and medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction. A radial head fracture was unnoted. The procedure yielded satisfactory functional outcome, with a stable and painless full elbow range of motion.Clinical discussionMulti-ligament injuries with coronoid fractures result in highly unstable elbow joints, forming a variant of the “terrible triad” injury. Surgical options vary according to the surgeon’s experience and equipment availability. In this case, direct LCL repair and MCL reconstruction were performed and were well tolerated. Elbow stability improved and the patient experienced improved functionality with minimal pain. However, it may be premature to report a definite outcome in this case because of short follow-up time postoperatively.ConclusionThe injury described in this case has a unique presentation as a multi-ligamentous injury will make the elbow very unstable. Thus, careful clinical judgment, knowledge, and experience are needed to identify the underlying injury and for optimal management.