Typus melancholicus and the Temperament and Character Inventory personality dimensions in patients with major depression

Although many clinical studies have been conducted to determine the etiological role and clinical implications of typus melancholicus for unipolar depression, maladaptive personality features in depressive patients have not been well described. This study explores typus melancholicus, as measured by the rigidity subscale of the Munich Personality Test, and maladaptive personality features, as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in 131 remitted patients with DSM-IV major depression and 154 normal controls. The patients reported significantly higher scores on rigidity and harm avoidance and significantly lower scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Only 23.6% of the variance of the rigidity scale was explained by the variance of the seven TCI scales, in which only persistence was significantly correlated positively to rigidity. Cluster analysis identified four subgroups, two of which were characterized by a high rigidity score. One of these two subgroups showed no maladaptive personality features, as measured by the TCI, while the other showed high harm avoidance and low self-directedness. These results indicate that the personality of depressive patients is characterized not only by typus melancholicus but also by maladaptive personality features, that typus melancholicus is not well represented by any TCI scale, and that typus melancholicus and maladaptive personality features can coexist in some depressive patients.     

Practitioner Review: Unguided and guided self-help interventions for common mental health disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mental health problems are common in children and adolescents, yet evidence-based treatments are hard to access. Self-help interventions can increase such access. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of guided and unguided self-help for children and young people with symptoms of common mental health disorders. In contrast to previous reviews of self-help in children, all types of self-help and multiple mental health disorders were investigated in order to increase power to investigate potential moderators of efficacy. Importantly, studies with control arms as well as those comparing against traditional face-to-face treatments were included. Fifty studies (n = 3396 participants in self-help/guided self-help conditions) met the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated a moderate positive effect size for guided and unguided self-help interventions when compared against a control group (n = 44; g = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.61, p < .01) and a small but significant negative effect size when compared to other therapies (n = 15; g = −0.17; 95% CI: –0.27 to –0.07, p < .01). Few potential moderators had a significant effect on outcome. Most comparisons resulted in significant heterogeneity and therefore results are interpreted with caution.     

脑卒中后抑郁的临床研究

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁症的发生、临床特征及治疗。方法于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、10w采用汉密顿尔顿抑郁量表评定临床疗效,并进行对比分析。结果治疗10w末汉密尔顿抑郁量表评定,两组有效率比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论脑卒中后抑郁影响患者神经功能康复,抗抑郁治疗能促进卒中神经功能康复。     

Target nursing care on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer during perioperative period

Background:This study retrospectively investigated the effects of target nursing care (TNC) on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) during the perioperative period.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the data of 80 patients with GBC during perioperative period. These records were divided into an intervention group (n = 40) or a control group (n = 40). All 80 patient records in both groups were administered routine nursing care (RNC). The patients in the intervention group also underwent TNC. The primary outcomes were depression (measured using the Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD) and anxiety (assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMA). The secondary outcomes were quality of life (assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) and adverse events. We collected and analyzed the outcome data before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, patients in the intervention group showed more promising effects on depression (HAMD, P < .01) and anxiety (HAMA, P < .01) than those in the control group did. However, there were no significant differences in the quality of life before and after treatment. No TNC- or RNC-associated adverse events were reported in patient records.Conclusion:This study found that TNC was more effective than RNC in relieving depression and anxiety. Future studies should be conducted to validate the present findings.     

Research on depression in Parkinson disease: A bibliometric and visual analysis of studies published during 2012–2021

Background:The diagnosis and treatment rate of Parkinson disease (PD) with depression has a low diagnostic rate, and there is no consensus on the choice of treatment mode. This study evaluates the global research trends of scientific outputs related to depression in PD from multiple perspectives, using a bibliometric analysis and visualization tool to scientifically analyze the knowledge from the literature.Methods:Literature related to depression in PD published from 2012 to 2021 was included and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database in October 2021. CiteSpace software was used to visualize and analyze co-occurrence analyses for countries, institutions, authors, and keywords.Results:A total of 4533 articles from the Web of Science database were included. The United States made the largest contribution with the majority of publications (1215; 29.40%). Toronto University was the most productive institution. PD, depression, quality of life, dementia, nonmotor symptom, prevalence, anxiety, Alzheimer disease, symptom, and disorder would be significantly correlated with depression in PD. The current hot spots in this field focus on the following: risk factors for depression in PD, assessment scale of depression in PD, and rehabilitation of depression in PD.Conclusions:This analysis not only reveals the current research trends and hotspots but also provides some instructive suggestions on the development of depression in PD.     

抑郁症患者情绪词识别对照研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患者和正常对照者在进行情绪词识别时的差异。方法：34例在4周内未用药的抑郁症患者和32名正常对照者进行情绪词识别Go/No-Go测验。结果：抑郁症患者正情绪词识别时,反应时显著长于负性情绪词和正常对照组,遗漏数显著多于负性词和正常对照组。结论：抑郁症患者存在负性情绪偏好。     

The Alleviation of Gut Microbiota-Induced Depression and Colitis in Mice by Anti-Inflammatory Probiotics NK151, NK173, and NK175

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, we examined whether the fecal microbiota of IBD patients with depression (IBDD) and their gut microbiota culture (iGm) could cause depression and colitis in mice and anti-inflammatory probiotics could mitigate depression in iGm-transplanted or immobilization stress (IS)-exposed mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from IBDD patients, which exhibited Enterobacteriaceae-rich gut microbiota, and its gut microbiota culture (iGm) increased depression-like behaviors in mice. Their treatments heightened the blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and colonic IL-1β and IL-6 expression. However, FMT from healthy volunteers or sulfasalazine treatment alleviated cGm-induced depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal and colonic inflammation in mice. Moreover, oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum NK151, Bifidobacterium longum NK173, and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK175, which inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 expression in macrophages, alleviated cGm-induced depression-like behaviors, hippocampal NF-κB⁺Iba1⁺ cell numbers and IL-1β and IL-6 expression, blood LPS, IL-6, and creatinine levels, and colonic NF-κB⁺CD11c⁺ number and IL-1β and IL-6 expression in mice. Treatment with NK151, NK173, or NK175 mitigated immobilization stress (IS)-induced depressive-like behaviors, neuroinflammation, and gut inflammation in mice. NK151, NK173, or NK175 also decreased IS-induced blood LPS, IL-6, and creatinine levels. The transplantation of Enterobacteriaceae-rich gut microbiota can cause depression and colitis, as IS exposure, and anti-inflammatory NK151, NK173, and NK175, may alleviate stress-induced fatigue, depression, and colitis by regulating the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines through the suppression of gut bacterial LPS.     

基于中医情志理论探讨炎症性肠病患者生存质量及其影响因素

目的:分析炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的生存质量(HRQOL)及其影响因素,基于中医情志学说进行理论探讨。方法:应用一般资料调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、一般健康状况问卷(SF-36)和炎症性肠病生存质量问卷(IBDQ),对90例炎症性肠病确诊患者进行问卷调查,分析受试者生存质量的主要影响因素。结果:受试者的平均焦虑、抑郁水平处于正常状态,生理机能、生理职能、精力、一般健康状况、情感职能、躯体疼痛、精神健康、社会功能共8项维度得分均低于常模水平,克罗恩病患者HRQOL优于溃疡性结肠炎患者(P0.05);影响IBD患者生存质量的主要因素是精神心理因素:焦虑和抑郁。结论:临床中医应关注IBD患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,在中医情志理论的指导下,对不良情绪及早发现和干预,提高其生存质量,从而改善临床预后。