呼吸道感染患者痰内发现蠊缨滴虫1例

本文报道了呼吸道感染患者痰内检到蠊缨滴虫。患者主要临床表现为发热、喘憋和咳嗽。CT确诊为右下肺炎。用抗生素头孢哌酮2 g和左旋氧氟沙星0.2 g静脉滴注bid治疗无效,止咳化痰中药汤剂也不起作用。实验室检查,发现患者血液中嗜酸粒细胞和中性粒细胞增高,并在患者咯出的痰内检到蠊缨滴虫。停用抗生素和中药,改用甲硝唑500 mg静脉滴注bid,5 d后患者治愈。     

葛根素冻干粉针治疗不稳定型心绞痛的短期疗效观察--附30例报告

目的观察葛根素冻干粉针(麦普宁)治疗不稳定型心绞痛(Unstable angina pectoris.UAP)的临床疗效.方法将60例UAP患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例.对照组采用常规治疗.治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用葛根素冻干粉针400mg加入5%葡萄糖液250ml中静脉滴注,疗程均为14d.结果治疗组的总有效率(93%)优于对照组(66%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组治疗前后心电图12导联中ST段下降导联数(NST)及12导联中ST段压低数值总和(ΣST)均有明显改善(P＜0.05),随访心绞痛患者6～18个月,未发现明显不良反应.结论葛根素冻干粉针剂能有效减少心绞痛发作,应用简单、监测方便,可降低心肌梗死发生率.     

乳腺癌术后双肺及骨转移

疾病的正确诊断和合理治疗是患者和医务工作者共同的心愿。在广东省人民医院肿瘤中心，吴一龙教授指导临床医生应用循证医学理论进行肿瘤的多学科综合治疗，开展临床病例讨论。讨论会上各学科共同围绕一个病例或一个病种进行会诊，临床、病理、B超、放射影像等资料齐全。除相关科室提前准备的中心性发言外，到会人员各抒己见，气氛热烈。参会人员受益匪浅，提高了对疑难病例的诊治水平。为了将他们的诊治经验传播出去，让更多的临床医生获益，我刊开辟“循证病例讨论”栏目，希望广大医务工作者关注此栏目。[编者按]     

The Swedish childhood diabetes study — a multivariate analysis of risk determinants for diabetes in different age groups

Summary In a nationwide incident case-referent study stepwise univariate analysis has revealed several risk determinants for childhood diabetes mellitus. In a multivariate analysis we have determined the set of risk determinants that would independently predict childhood Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Possible interactions between the risk determinants and differences in risk profiles with different ages at onset were also examined. Reported familial insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated diabetes were significant risk factors in all age groups, as was also a low frequency of milk intake. The frequency of infections and a high intake of foods rich in nitrosamine tended to interact (OR 11.8, p=0.053) indicating a synergistic effect. A Cox regression analysis revealed that stressful life events during the last year was the only variable that tended to affect the age at onset (p=0.055). This indicated that psychological stress may rather precipitate than induce Type 1 diabetes. A short breast-feeding duration (OR=3.81), and an increased body height (OR=3.82) contributed significantly to the predictive model in only the youngest age group (0–4 years). An increased frequency of infections in the year preceding onset (OR=2.15) and no vaccination against measles (OR=3.33) contributed significantly to the model only in the age group 5–9 years. Various nutrients had different impacts on the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes in different age groups. It is concluded that in the genetically susceptible child, risk factors which are associated with eating habits, frequency of infections, vaccination status, growth pattern and severe psychological stress affect the risk of developing diabetes independently of each other. The set of risk determinants varies with the age at onset. A high frequency of infections and a high frequency of nitrosamine-rich food intake seem to have a synergistic effect on the risk of developing diabetes in childhood.     

骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤（附5例报告）

报告5例女性骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤，占骨盆骨折41例中的12.2%,均为交通事故伤，都合并有失血性休克，开放伤3例，闭合伤2例，治疗作阴道修补术2例，用碘仿纱条填塞阴道2例。未作处理1例，均治愈，阴道损伤表现为四型；横行撕裂伤，纵行撕裂伤，斜行撕裂伤和刺伤，强调早期诊断，及时治疗以防止合并症。     

成人结核性脑膜炎误诊原因分析

报告了成人结核性脑膜炎11例误诊,并收集国内报告的221例误诊病例,对结核性脑膜炎的误诊原因进行了综合分析。     

335例退行性骨关节病直流感应电康复总结

报告335例退行性骨关节病变,均经 x 线摄影证实,用直流感应电治疗。痊愈62例,占18.51%;显效115例,占34.33%;好转139例,占41.49%;无效19例;占5.67%。总有效率94.33%。有复发者再经治疗仍可收到效果。并对作用机制进行了探讨。     

大肝癌手术切除探讨（附16例分析）

报告16例大肝癌手术切除治疗效果，癌块直径>7cm。其中巨块型12例，癌块>10cm9例；癌块>14cm3例，均经病理证实。Ⅱ期切除3例，均经肝固有动脉结扎加插管注药化疗，肿块缩小后再手术，术后生存1年4例，2年3例，3年4例，4年1例，全组中位生存期24.1个月，并对大肝癌的手术适应证及术式选择等进行了探讨。     

胆囊小隆起性病变的诊断及治疗

报告37例胆囊小隆起性病变，其中良性颈变34例，胆囊癌3例。结果：本组23例有临床症状，多表现为反复发作的右上腹疼痛或不适；病灶部位，大小，多少，有无合并胆石及病变性质与临床症状有关；B-us,OCG,CT的诊断符合率例如辚33／37，9／24和5／10（x^2=18.75,P<0.005)。认为对胆囊小隆起性病变的病灶≥10mm，有增大趋势，呈恶性图像，合并胆石或血清CEA升高的病例应及早手术治疗。