人芽囊原虫滋养体和包囊的形态学观察

用普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜对人芽囊原虫的三株滋养体和二株包囊进行了形状、大小和结构的观察。滋养体为生长在ＬＡＳ双相培养基内４～５天的培养物;包囊为带虫者粪便经蒸馏水反复３次洗涤的沉淀物,均作涂片,分别以不染色、碘染色和１：１０＾４吖啶橙染色,镜下识别和鉴定,滋养体以空泡型（包括二分裂状态的）占多数,其次为变形型,颗粒型及其它类型少见,颗粒型为多分裂繁殖体,人芽囊原虫包囊形状较单一,都是圆形或卵圆     

Intramedullary epidermoid cyst. A case report

The authors add to the literature a case report of a 32-year-old man with an intramedullary epidermoid cyst at the level of D 3/4, that was successfully operated on. There are several previous reports in the literature, but only five of these include MRI studies.     

Glucocorticoids and androgens up-regulate the Zn-α2-glycoprotein messenger RNA in human breast cancer cells

Summary We have studied the hormonal regulation of the gene encoding Zn-₂-glycoprotein (Zn-₂-gp), a human protein with a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to class I histocompatibility antigens that is produced by a specific subset of breast carcinomas. Northern blot analysis revealed that dexamethasone and 5-dihydrotestosterone strongly induced the accumulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA in T-47D human breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the effect of these two hormones was shown to be additive, since the combination of both hormones produced a stimulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA of at least 3-fold over that produced by either hormone alone. By contrast, the addition of 5-dihydrotestosterone, 17-estradiol, or progesterone failed to induce the expression of Zn-₂-gp. The stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids and androgens on Zn-₂-gp expression was produced in a time and dose dependent manner, without significantly affecting the cell proliferation rate. A time-course study demonstrated that the induction of Zn-₂-gp mRNA by androgens and glucocorticoids reached a level of 4 or 3.2-fold over the untreated control after seven days of incubation in the presence of a 10^–7 M concentration of 5-dihydrotestosterone or dexamethasone, respectively. A dose-response study showed that as little as 10^–11 M of 5-dihydrotestosterone or dexamethasone produced an accumulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA of 2.4 or 2.1-fold over the control, respectively. On the basis of these results, we propose that Zn-₂-gp may be useful as a biochemical marker of breast carcinomas with a specific pattern of hormone responsiveness in whose development glucocorticoids and/or androgens may play a significant role.     

Single forebrain ventricle without prosencephaly: agenesis of the corpus callosum with dehiscent fornices

Coalescence of the cerebral ventricles with formation of a single forebrain ventricle is described in an unusual case of agenesis of the corpus callosum with dehiscent fornices and severe hydrocephalus. The cerebral hemispheres were fully cleaved. The detached fornices were widely separated from the thalami. The membrana tectoria was retroverted over the midbrain and cerebellum, where it joined the fornices and merged with a curved membranous ependymal dome which, at a great distance, circumvented the thalami as it extended toward the anterior commissure. Other anomalies included arhinencephaly, multiple subependymal heterotopias, and Dandy-Walker malformation. Similar malformations have been described as interhemispheric cysts, as (holo)prosencephaly, or as midline telencephalic dysgenesis. The basic features of prosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum are reviewed and compared to the present case.     

Enlarging skull fractures in children

Large skull fractures are conventionally followed radiographically until healing occurs. Fractures which enlarge or remain unhealed are commonly termed leptomeningeal cysts or growing skull fractures. This study of ten children with this injury and a review of the literature shows that a true leptomeningeal cyst is seldom present and that skull fractures do not grow. Moreover, careful history-taking and physical examination will correctly identify all enlarging or unhealed skull fractures of childhood without the need for plain radiographs or computed tomography of the skull.     

先天性胆管囊肿（附28例报告）

目的：探讨先天性胆管囊肿的病因、分型、诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾１９８６至１９９６年１０年间收治的先天性胆管囊肿２８例进行分析。结果：２８例中Ⅰ型１９例（６７８５％）,ＩＶＡ型８例（２８６％）,ＩＶＢ型１例（３６％）。Ｂ超检查２６例,２４例手术证实;ＣＴ９例７例手术证实。手术治疗为最佳手段,以囊肿切除为首选。本组２５例手术治疗,囊肿切除１３例（占５２％）。结论：Ｂ超为主要诊断手段。先天性胆管囊肿癌变率随病程延长而逐渐上升,故切除囊肿为首选治疗手段     

Retrospective analysis of 31 cases of nasopalatine duct cyst

OBJECTIVE: To perform a retrospective analysis of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDC) in Brazil and compare with previous analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The files of the Laboratory of Oral Pathology (Minas Gerais Federal University) from 1966 to 1997 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and histologic data of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with nasopalatine duct cysts at the time of diagnosis was 37.4 years and with a predilection for males. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. Histologically, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium alone or in combination with other epithelia was observed in 93% of the cases. Recurrence was not recorded. CONCLUSION: The demographic, histopathological, radiographic, and clinical data of the NPDC in our series are similar to previous studies in other populations.     

上皮植入性虹膜囊肿的激光治疗

目的：观察Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗上皮植入性虹膜囊肿的疗效。方法：治疗前详细了解囊肿与周围组织的关系,首先激穿囊肿前壁,使腔内液体引流,然后降低能量,照射囊肿后壁及周围组织,以尽可能破坏上皮细胞,减少复发。激光治疗单脉冲能量为０．４ＭＪ,每次治疗总量为２０～３５ＭＪ。结果：所有治疗眼的视力均有不同程度提高。经术后６个月～１年的随访观察,未见明显复发。结论：激光治疗上皮植入性虹膜囊肿,既可破坏囊壁的上皮细胞,又可避免和减少囊肿邻近组织的损伤及反应,以尽可能多地保留和恢复有效视功能,以避免患者因再次手术所带来的痛苦,疗效满意     

微波治疗口腔粘液腺囊肿67例临床观察

总结微波治疗口腔粘液腺囊肿的经验,探讨治疗口腔粘液腺囊肿的方法。方法：使用微波多 功能治疗机,通过微波辐射探头直接作用于囊肿,使囊肿组织坏死、脱落。结果：６７例中治愈６３例（９４．０３％）,有 效４例（５．９７％）。无一例复发。结论：微波治疗口腔粘液囊肿,操作简单,疗效可靠,无不良反应,是治疗口腔粘 液囊肿的有效方法。     

组合硬化剂治疗肾囊肿远期疗效观察

目的：研究组合硬化剂对家兔胆囊的硬化作用,观察治疗肾囊肿的远期临床疗效。方法：应用四环素与氟美松组合硬化剂注入家兔胆囊,与生理盐水和无水乙醇对比观察其对胆囊壁的作用;与无水乙醇对比观察介入硬化治疗肾囊肿的疗效。组合硬化剂治疗组４１例,男２３例,女１８例,年龄４３岁－７２岁;无水乙醇对对照组４０例,男２８例,女１２例,年龄４５岁－７０岁。