临床科室病原菌培养及耐药性

目的了解临床科室病原菌送检情况及病原菌耐药性,为临床疾病诊断和合理使用抗菌药物提供帮助。方法对2004-2005年医院20多个临床科室送检的病原菌培养标本,采用Microscan A/S-4细菌鉴定及药敏测试仪进行鉴定和药敏试验并对其结果进行统计分析。结果临床病原菌培养送检率低,且标本分散;送检标本以痰、脓、尿、血为主,占52.15%;各科室前3位优势病原菌共13种,内科感染的病原菌主要为肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌,外科感染的病原菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏/溶血不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,且耐药现象严重;鲍氏/溶血不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌仅对亚胺培南敏感;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、阿米卡星较敏感,耐药率<40%,对亚胺培南耐药率>50%。结论铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏/溶血不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌耐药现象严重,临床必须高度重视,提高病原菌送检率。     

丰产栽培条件下玉兰的花枝类型

作者调查了玉兰在丰产栽培条件下的花枝类型。评估了腋花枝对增产的作用以及促进腋花枝形成的栽培技术。在相同的丰产栽培条件下,淡紫玉兰基本无腋花枝。     

白细胞介素-1β诱导人椎间盘髓核细胞凋亡

目的：探讨人正常椎间盘髓核细胞的培养方法以及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）对人椎间盘髓核细胞凋亡的作用。方法：取特发性脊柱侧弯患者腰椎间盘髓核组织,用胰酶、胶原酶序贯消化法消化细胞,并用甲苯胺蓝、番红-O染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化分别检测糖胺多糖、蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原表达,分别用20μg/L和200μg/L重组人IL-1β刺激髓核细胞24 h,检测其凋亡率。结果：用酶消化法可成功分离培养人椎间盘髓核细胞,检测所培养细胞可表达糖胺多糖、蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原,IL-1β20μg/L组中细胞凋亡率（8.46%）和IL-1β200μg/L组（19.00%）分别为空白对照组（2.86%）的2.95倍和6.63倍（P〈0.05）,IL-1β200μg/L组是IL-1β20μg/L组的2.24倍（P〈0.05）。结论：用酶消化法可成功培养人椎间盘髓核细胞,IL-1β可以诱导椎间盘髓核细胞凋亡,并且随着浓度升高凋亡率增加,提示炎症因子IL-1β在退变椎间盘细胞凋亡中起了重要的作用。     

Bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on some endodontic pathogens ex vivo

AIM: To define the role of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers in root canal disinfection along with a minimally invasive treatment concept. METHODOLOGY: The hypothesis was tested ex vivo that Nd:YAG laser irradiation has a bactericidal effect on endodontic pathogens inoculated in root canals. Resultant colony-forming unit counts were associated with observations of bacterial cell structural changes using conventional scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) on inoculated dentine surfaces, following indirect and direct Nd:YAG laser irradiation, respectively. RESULTS: The Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1.5 W, 15 Hz, four times for 5 s) of Enterococcus faecalis inoculated canals resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test) of the bacterial load, meaning a 99.7% kill, but no sterilization. The CSEM procedure verified that the extent of radiation damage was in line with the total amount of laser energy applied. After 2 h of incubation and three cycles of indirect laser treatment (i.e. through a 1-mm-thick dentine disc), no morphologically intact bacteria of Actinomyces naeslundii or Streptococcus anginosus were discernible. However, when micro-colonies of S. anginosus and specially biofilms of E. faecalis were present after 2 days, the in situ experiment using ESEM and direct laser treatment showed that bacterial eradication was reduced in deep layers. CONCLUSIONS: The Nd:YAG laser irradiation is not an alternative but a possible supplement to existing protocols for canal disinfection as the properties of laser light may allow a bactericidal effect beyond 1 mm of dentine. Endodontic pathogens that grow as biofilms, however, are difficult to eradicate even upon direct laser exposure.     

A rapid and simple Sandwich-Method used for chromosome analysis from small fetal and adult biopsy specimens

A new Sandwich-Method is described which uses aborted material and yields a high frequency of metaphases. Chromosome studies may be performed after 7--8 days without subculturing. It is possible to freeze the original tissue for later cell culture.     

The effect of prefreeze in vitro culturing on the success of embryo freezing in mice

There is currently a controversy as to whether the prolonged in vitro culturing of embryos before freezing has a deleterious effect on their ability to survive freezing and thawing. We compared the survival rate of frozen/thawed mouse embryos after in vitro culturing, from the two-cell stage through the eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages, with the survival of embryos developed in vivo to the same stages. Following induced superovulation and mating, embryos in the desired cleavage stage were flushed from the oviducts andlor uterus and either cultured in vitro or frozen immediately in sterile glass ampoules to –40°C and plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Dimethyl sulfoxide (1.5M) was used as cryoprotectant. After thawing, the survival rate (determined by the morphological appearance of the embryos) was significantly lower in the eight-cell stage embryos in the group grown in vivo (P<0.05). The number of embryos developing into expanded and hatched blastocysts was not significantly different when the in vivo vs in vitro cultures were compared over each of the three cleavage stages: eight cells (82 vs 83%), morula (92 vs 87%), and blastocyst (33 vs 51%), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the development rate of blastocyststage embryos when compared with earlier stages under both culture conditions (P<0.001). It is concluded that, compared to in vivo-grown embryos frozen at the same stages, prolonged in vitro culture does not reduce the embryos' ability to develop normally.     

张振忠主任医师关于糖尿病肾病的学术思辨

以"肾为中心"的观点堪称为糖尿病肾病的理论基石。张振忠主任医师济30余年临床经验,不断刻苦钻研,临床发展理论,理论指导临床,在糖尿病肾病的理论研究上走出独特的一步。认为气、血、痰、浊、瘀阻贯穿于糖尿病肾病的始终,在"以肾为本"的治疗大法引导下,提出"培肾养肝,以肝为辅",兼顾肝阴的治疗大法。着重体现此病肝肾阴阳互用互济,肾功能渐进恢复。虽然中西医在治法上存在明显的差异,但活血化瘀利水的治疗大法是两者共同的心声。     

阴道毛滴虫新乡株的体外培养

目的观察阴道毛滴虫新乡株在不同的pH值培养基中和不同转种量的培养效果。方法阴道毛滴虫在pH5．8、6．2、6．6、7．0四组不同培养基中37℃恒温培养,每隔24h观察虫数、活率并计算活虫数。培养基pH6．6时,设置不同的转种量,观察虫数、存活率并计算活虫数。结果pH7．0组培养第2．4天虫数、活虫数、存活率均明显低于其它三组,且在培养过程中无明显活虫数及存活率高峰,第1．4天,pH6．6组活虫数、存活率均高于其它三组。转种100万／管和转种10万／管培养24h和48h的阴道毛滴虫存活率和培养48h的阴道毛滴虫活虫数均较高,转种1万／管培养效果较差。结论pH7．0不适宜阴道毛滴虫体外培养,pH6．6时,培养各项指标均较好,可能更适合阴道毛滴虫体外培养。阴道毛滴虫的体外培养转种宜在培养后48h进行．每次接种量以10万／ml为宜。     

天山雪莲组培苗与原药材中芦丁及紫丁香苷含量的比较

目的:比较天山雪莲组培苗与原药材中芦丁及紫丁香苷含量的差异。方法:采用HPLC,Hydro-RP C18柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(5∶95),流速1 mL.m in-1,柱温25℃,检测波长220 nm。结果:天山雪莲组培苗含有多种与原药材相同的有效化学成分,其中紫丁香苷的含量比原药材提高了近4.35倍。结论:利用组织培养方法提高天山雪莲苗质量具有良好的开发前景。