地夸磷索钠滴眼液对中重度干眼患者眼表状况和视觉质量的影响

目的：:评价3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液对中重度干眼患者眼表状况和视觉质量的改善效果。方法：:前瞻性临床研究。收集2019年9月至2020年8月在武汉大学人民医院眼科门诊就诊的中重度干眼患者78例（78眼）,将其按随机数字表法随机分为人工泪液组38例（38眼）和地夸磷索钠滴眼液组40例（40眼）,人工泪液组使用人工泪液点眼3次...     

Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging findings in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of rotator cuff and long head of the biceps pathologies in manual wheelchair (MWC) users with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Outpatient clinic at a tertiary medical center.Participants: Forty-four adult MWC users with SCI (36 men and 8 women) with an average age (SD) of 42 (13) years. SCI levels ranged from C6 to L1; complete and incomplete SCI.Outcome Measures: Participants’ demographic and anthropometric information, presence of shoulder pain, Wheelchair User’s Pain Index (WUSPI) scores, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of shoulder pathologies including tendinopathy, tendon tears, and muscle atrophy.Results: Fifty-nine percent of the participants reported some shoulder pain. The prevalence of any tendinopathy across the rotator cuff and the long head of biceps tendon was 98%. The prevalence of tendinopathy in the supraspinatus was 86%, infraspinatus was 91%, subscapularis was 75%, and biceps was 57%. The majority of tendinopathies had mild or moderate severity. The prevalence of any tears was 68%. The prevalence of tendon tears in the supraspinatus was 48%, infraspinatus was 36%, subscapularis was 43%, and biceps was 12%. The majority of the tears were partial-thickness tears. Participants without tendon tears were significantly younger (P < 0.001) and had been wheelchair user for a significantly shorter time (P = 0.005) than those with tendon tears.Conclusion: Mild and moderate shoulder tendinopathy and partial-thickness tendon tears were highly prevalent in MWC users with SCI. Additionally, the findings of this study suggest that strategies for monitoring shoulder pathologies in this population should not be overly reliant on patient-reported pain, but perhaps more concerned with years of wheelchair use and age.     

润肝明目汤治疗干眼症的临床观察

目的:观察润肝明目汤对干眼症的临床疗效。方法:运用润肝明目汤对干眼症患者45例90只眼进行治疗,观察治疗前后干眼症的阳性病史和自觉症状、泪液分泌试验(schimentest)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素钠染色的改变。结果:总有效率86.67%。结论:润肝明目汤对干眼症的治疗有一定疗效。     

Return to Play After Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Purpose of ReviewDistal biceps tendon ruptures (DBTR) are uncommon injuries in 40- to 50-year-old men but occur at a younger age in the athlete population. The distal biceps tendon is an important supinator of the forearm and flexor of the elbow. A complete injury results in limiting function in the upper extremity. The current review evaluates the different options in management and the current literature on return to play in athletes.Recent FindingsThe distal biceps tendon inserts on the posterior aspect of the radial tuberosity as two independent heads. The long head footprint is more proximal and posterior giving it a better lever arm for supination. The short head footprint is more distal and anterior giving it a better lever arm for flexion. Surgical anatomic repair is highly recommended among the athlete population, to restore proper function of the upper extremity. There is scarce literature on return to play among athletes. The most recent studies on high-performance athletes are on National Football League (NFL) players. These studies showed that 84–94% of NFL players returned to play at least one game after distal biceps repair. Compared to matched control groups, there was no difference in the player’s performance after surgery.SummaryAnatomic repair of DBTR results in excellent outcomes, high return to work, and high rate of return to play among athletes. When compared to matched control groups, NFL players have the performance score and play the same number of games after surgery.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12178-022-09742-x.     

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴的应用

目的：评价在角膜塑形镜配戴初期使用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（贝复舒）眼用凝胶的疗效。方法：78例（156眼）近视患者,初次验配角膜塑形镜,随机分为治疗组和对照组（各39例78眼）。对照组使用博视顿舒润液常规戴镜,治疗组使用贝复舒眼用凝胶滴眼后按对照组方法常规戴镜。戴镜前和戴镜后1d、7d、1个月、3个月观察泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）及角膜上皮损伤情况。结果：戴镜后治疗组各时间点 TBUT 均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。两组内戴镜后 TBUT 均明显低于该组戴镜前,两两比较认为治疗组戴镜7d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定,对照组戴镜1d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定。治疗组各时间点角膜上皮损伤情况均明显低于对照组。结论：贝复舒眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴早期可对角膜上皮和泪膜起到保护和修复作用。     

肩袖损伤非手术治疗效果中情景效应比例的Meta分析

目的 评估肩袖损伤的非手术治疗的总体治疗效应以及情景效应比例(PCE)。方法 从PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网和万方数据库检索从建库至2020年10月关于肩袖损伤非手术治疗的随机对照试验(RCT)。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,采用STATA 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入40项研究,2 976例患者。疼痛总PCE为0.61 (95%CI 0.54～0.69)。各项治疗的PCE由大到小依次为皮质类固醇注射治疗、体外冲击波治疗、口服非甾体抗炎药、手法治疗、透明质酸注射治疗、富血小板血浆注射治疗、激光治疗、非甾体抗炎药注射治疗、针刺治疗。功能和活动范围的总PCE分别为0.69(95%CI 0.61～0.77)和0.62 (95%CI 0.48～0.81)。盲法、在发达国家开展的研究、较长的治疗疗程均能增加疼痛的PCE。结论 肩袖损伤非手术治疗效果中,61%与情景效应有关,较高的PCE可能是导致临床实践与临床研究结论不一致的原因。     

Hand ultrasound: Comparative study between “no rhupus” lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Objective. To compare hand US between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods. Hands (1st–5th metacarpophalangeal [MCP] and 1st–5th proximal interphalangeal [PIP] joints) and wrists (radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints) of 62 “no rhupus” SLE and 60 RA patients were compared through US (linear probe, 6–18 MHz). The findings were compared to clinical, functional, serological outcomes, and disease activity indices.

Results. 2108 and 2040 joint recesses were evaluated in SLE and AR patients, respectively. Synovitis was found in 46.8% and 75% of wrists, 83.9% and 86.7% of MCPs and 58.1% and 70% of PIPs in the SLE and RA groups, respectively. More significant US findings were found in RA group. Greater values of synovitis (mm) in RA group were only found in the joint recesses of wrist (p < 0.001–0.002). In SLE group, US findings were associated with “puffy hands,” Health Assessment Questionnaire score and dynamometry. Twenty-two SLE patients (35.5%) had erosion in any of joints studied. SLE patient subgroup with US erosion was associated with hematological involvement and Jaccoud's arthropathy.

Conclusions. US of “no rhupus” SLE and RA patients is different, especially in wrists. In SLE patients the clinical variable most associated with US findings was “puffy hands.”     

MICROINSTABILITY OF THE SHOULDER IN THE OVERHEAD ATHLETE

The overhead throwing athlete is an extremely challenging patient in sports medicine. The repetitive microtraumatic stresses and extreme ranges of motion observed within the athlete’s shoulder joint complex during the throwing motion constantly place the athlete at risk for injury. While gross instability of the shoulder is possible, microinstability is seen far more frequently and is associated with a variety of different pathologies, including rotator cuff tendonitis, internal impingement, and labral lesions. Treatment of the overhead athlete requires the understanding of several principles based on the unique physical characteristics of this type of athlete and the demands placed upon the static stabilizing structures during the act of throwing. The purpose of this paper is to describe these principles and incorporate them into in a multi‐phase progressive rehabilitation program designed to prevent injuries and rehabilitate the injured athlete, both non‐operatively and postoperatively.     

干眼症患者对比敏感度的测定

目的:研究干眼症对比敏感度的变化及通过对比敏感度测试来评价人工泪液对干眼症患者视功能的影响。方法:确诊为干眼症患者25例50眼和正常人15例29眼,分别测量BUT(泪膜破裂时间)、SⅠt(泪液分泌基础实验)和泪膜干涉图像,并采用OPTEC6500视功能测试仪分别测量干眼症患者和正常人应用人工泪液前后的对比敏感度。主要观察指标包括BUT、SⅠt、泪膜干涉图像及低、中、高频CS。结果:本研究中按临床症状、BUT,SⅠt和泪膜干涉图像试验结果将受试者分为干眼症组和正常对照组,两组年龄比较无统计学差异。干眼症患者低、中、高频CS均低于正常组(P<0.05)。应用人工泪液5min后,发现干眼症组低、中、高频CS都有显著提高(P<0.05);且干眼症组应用人工泪液后的对比敏感度与对照组相近。结论:干眼症的低对比敏感度可以通过人工泪液的使用加以改善,通过人工泪液治疗不但可以缓解症状而且使干眼症的视觉质量接近正常人标准;另外,对比敏感度测试可以作为一种客观的非接触的评价泪膜质量的方法,为干眼症的治疗疗效提供客观依据。     

压力袖套辅助淋巴引流对乳腺癌术后患者上肢淋巴水肿的影响

目的:探讨压力袖套辅助淋巴引流对乳腺癌术后患者上肢淋巴水肿的影响。方法:选取68例乳腺癌根治术后上肢淋巴水肿的患者,随机分为压力衣辅助佩戴组(A组)和单纯淋巴引流组(B组)。B组接受为期11天,每天45min的淋巴引流手法治疗。A组在每天45min淋巴引流手法后予以患肢压力袖套佩戴。两组患者分别于第1次淋巴引流前(T0)、第1次淋巴引流后(T1)、第2次引流前(T2)、第3次引流前(T3)、第6次引流前(T4)、第11次引流前(T5),第11次引流24h后(T6),测量患者上肢的生物电阻抗(BIS),输出L-Dex比值。并在T1、T6时间测量两组患者的健患侧定点臂围,对采集到的数据进行组间及组内比较。结果:(1)L-Dex值:第1次治疗后,A、B两组均明显降低(P0.05);第2次治疗前均开始上升,A组上升幅度明显低于B组;A组持续降低(P0.05),B组出现波动;经过11天的治疗后,两组均有下降,但A组明显低于B组(P0.05)。(2)臂围:11次治疗后健患侧臂围差变化A组明显大于B组(P0.05)。结论:单纯淋巴引流手法及淋巴引流手法结合压力袖套治疗均能在一定程度上缓解乳腺癌术后患侧上肢淋巴水肿,而予淋巴引流手法治疗后联合压力袖套治疗,较单纯淋巴引流手法对淋巴水肿的治疗效果更明显。