In the Era of Tranexamic Acid,are Type and Screens for Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Obsolete?

BackgroundAdvances in technique and perioperative blood management have improved transfusion rates following unilateral primary total joint arthroplasty and led some centers to change their preoperative blood ordering protocols. The purpose of this study is to determine whether deleting type and screens (T&S) from preoperative order sets was safe for patients undergoing primary total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to identify patients who required allogenic blood transfusion.MethodsProspectively collected data were reviewed to identify any patient with a hemoglobin (Hgb) drawn within 30 days of surgery who received a transfusion following a unilateral primary TKA or THA.ResultsA total of 1255 patients met inclusion criteria. Of the total, 682 (54%) were TKAs and 573 (46%) were THAs. The mean preoperative Hgb was 11.5 g/dL with an average delta Hgb of 3.6 g/dL on postoperative day 1. No patient required an intraoperative transfusion. Fourteen patients (mean age and body mass index, 67.9 and 29.0) required a transfusion (1.1%) for postoperative blood loss anemia. Of those transfused, 13 (93%) of the patients underwent THA with the mean estimated blood loss of 378.6 mL. The total cost for a patient obtaining a T&S is $191.27.ConclusionIn our series, the risk of blood transfusion was rare (1.1%) and occurred only secondary to postoperative blood loss anemia. There were no cases of intraoperative complication requiring urgent or emergent blood transfusion. Removing T&S from standard order sets for patients undergoing primary TKA or THA appears to be a safe and cost-effective practice.     

Why Do Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties Fail? A Single-Center Review of 1632 Revision Total Knees Comparing Historic and Modern Cohorts

BackgroundUtilization of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been increasing, and reasons for failure are less understood than those of primary TKA. The purpose of this study is to identify the rates and mechanisms of failure of revision TKA, and compare those between a historic (1986-2005) and modern (2006-2015) cohort.MethodsAll revision TKAs performed at a single institution between 1986 and 2015 were reviewed, with minimum 2-year follow-up. Failure was defined as a second revision surgery in which any component was exchanged. Diagnosis at the time of index and any re-revision procedure was determined.ResultsIn total, 1632 revision TKAs in 1560 patients were reviewed. The average age was 65.1 and the average follow-up was 61.4 months. Overall failure rate was 22.8%, with no significant differences between the historic and modern cohort (25.1% vs 22.0%, P = .19). The leading cause for failure was infection in 38.5% of failures. The next most common causes for failure were aseptic loosening (20.9%) and instability (14.2%). Failure rate among revision TKAs for infection was 33%, with 67.2% failing due to repeat infection. Multivariate analysis found that septic index revision (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-2.48), male gender (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.78), and age less than 65 (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.23-1.97) were independent risk factors for failure.ConclusionThere remains a high rate of failure in revision TKA, with infection being the most common reason for failure. Rates and primary reasons for failure have not changed significantly in the past decade.     

关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗肩关节复发性前脱位

目的探讨关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年8月,采用关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗27例肩关节复发性前脱位患者资料。其中男20例,女7例;年龄30.8岁(范围,19~50岁)。27例患者肩盂均有骨缺损,缺损体积为肩盂体积的10%~15%。初次脱位到手术时间为(24.1±15.8)个月。采用关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗。术后患侧肩关节使用外展支具固定6周,6周后开始被动活动肩关节;术后10~12周开始力量训练;6个月后开始体育活动。末次随访时采用Constant-Murley评分、上肢功能障碍评分(Disability of Arm,Shoulder and Hand,DASH)评价肩关节及上肢功能,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)评价疼痛情况。CT三维重建测量患者术后1周及末次随访时移植骨块的长、宽、高并计算骨块的吸收率。记录患者末次随访时的主观满意度。结果27例患者均获得随访,随访时间19.8个月(范围,13~39个月)。术后无一例发生感染、血管神经损伤。末次随访时患者Constant-Murley评分为(85.15±5.62)分(范围,76~94分),DASH评分为(13.39±5.51)分(范围,3.19~21.95分),VAS评分为(1.29±0.45)分(范围,1~2分);以上三个指标分别与术前相比均有明显改善。患者术后活动度为:前屈上举153°±24°,体侧外旋38°±21°,内旋70°±21°,外展139°±18°。末次随访时,骨块吸收率为46.1%±20.6%(范围,24.0%~71.7%);肩关节无一例发生持续疼痛及再脱位,恐惧试验均为阴性。患者满意度评价,19例非常满意,6例满意,2例一般。结论关节镜下取自体肩胛冈肩盂植骨治疗关节盂骨质缺损10%~15%的肩关节复发性前脱位,术后可恢复肩关节稳定性,显著提高肩关节功能,明显降低肩关节脱位复发率。     

Emergency Department Presentation After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

BackgroundRecent changes to payment models for elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have led to increased interest in postdischarge health care utilization. Although readmission has historically been of primary interest, emergency department (ED) presentation is increasingly a point of focus. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available literature pertaining to ED visits after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched. Clinical studies reporting rate, reasons, and/or risk factors associated with ED presentation after TJA were included. Pooled return to ED rates were calculated using weighted means.ResultsTwenty-seven studies (n = 1,484,043) were included. After TJA, the mean 30-day and 90-day rates of ED presentation were 8.1% and 10.3%, respectively. Rates were slightly higher in total knee arthroplasty vs total hip arthroplasty patients at 30 days (11.5% vs 6.5%) and 90 days (10.8% vs 9.7%). The most common reasons for ED presentation after TJA were pain (4.6%-35%), medical concerns (5.6%-24.5%), and swelling (1.4%-17.5%). Studies analyzing the timing of ED visits found that most occurred within the first 2 weeks postdischarge. Black race and Medicaid/Medicare insurance coverage were identified as risk factors associated with ED visits.ConclusionED visits present a high burden for the health care system, as upward of 1 in 10 patients will return to the ED within 90 days of TJA. Future efforts should be made to develop cost-effective and patient-centered interventions that reduce preventable ED visits after TJA. As well, these rates should be taken into consideration when allocating resources for the care of TJA patients.     

Current concepts in the management of ankle arthritis

Ankle arthritis is a common condition. It causes a significant socioeconomic burden, and is associated with significant morbidity. Patients with ankle arthritis are either elderly with significant co-morbidities, or young adults who have previously suffered with ankle injuries, resulting in post-traumatic arthritis. There is a wide variation in the management of these patients with ankle arthritis. We therefore present an overview of the current evidence based management of patients with symptomatic ankle arthritis.     

全膝关节置换患者术前结果期望及影响因素研究

目的调查全膝关节置换术患者术前结果期望现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用骨关节炎指数量表及特殊手术医院-全膝关节置换期望调查工具对198例拟行全膝关节置换术的患者进行调查。结果患者术前结果期望平均分为89.17±13.89。回归分析结果显示,患者年龄、居住同伴、术前关节功能活动评分等级是术前结果期望水平的影响因素(均P0.01)。结论全膝关节置换患者术前结果期望处于较高水平。需加强患者术前期望评估及管理,以提高患者满意度、改善医患关系。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院护理质量和安全管理

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院护理质量与安全管理经验,为应对突发公共卫生事件提供借鉴。方法将肿瘤中心改建为符合收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者标准的定点医院,设14个病区850张床位;与援鄂医疗队共同成立联合护理部,制定护理工作制度和规范,建立护理安全事件处理流程,构建护理质量评价指标;严格督导与质控。结果累计收治患者1 022例,治愈出院763例;三级护理质量控制检查合格率为100%;隔离病区医护人员零感染。结论构建统一的制度、工作流程及质量与安全管理标准,有利于多团队协作工作及同质化管理,从而提高工作效率和质量,确保患者安全。     

下肢力线在盘状半月板损伤应用的研究进展

盘状半月板损伤是一种常见的运动损伤,其治疗方法有在关节镜下行盘状半月板成形术、盘状半月板次全切术、盘状半月板全切术等,虽术后短期临床效果佳,但远期临床效果不理想。目前对于盘状半月板损伤手术方式的选择,不同的学者有不同的观点。近年来众多学者研究表明术式的选择及术后下肢力线的改变与盘状半月板损伤的治疗效果相关。本文主要总结了盘状半月板损伤的治疗现状及术后下肢力线的变化情况,阐述了下肢力线的评估在盘状半月板治疗中的作用,为临床个体化治疗盘状半月板损伤提供依据。     

氨甲环酸控制肩关节镜术后关节腔出血的临床研究

目的:探讨氨甲环酸控制肩关节镜术后关节腔出血的临床疗效。方法:自2018年2月至7月,将60例肩关节镜下治疗肩袖撕裂患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组男6例,女24例,年龄55～70(62.3±5.5)岁;病程2～36(11.7±1.7)个月;术后关节腔及肩峰下各注射0.5 g氨甲环酸(1 g氨甲环酸用生理盐水稀释至20 ml)。对照组男5例,女25例;年龄56～72(63.4±5.8)岁;病程4～36(10.8±1.4)个月;关节腔及肩峰下各注射生理盐水10 ml。比较两组患者术前及术后1 d血红蛋白值,测量术前及术后1、7 d肩关节周径并计算肩关节周径差值,记录皮下瘀血瘀斑及深静脉血栓等并发症。结果:术前及术后1 d两组血红蛋白值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1 d的观察组肩关节周径(32.9±0.3) cm小于对照组的(35.1±0.5) cm;肩关节周径差值(8.7±0.4) mm低于对照组的(12.3±0.5) mm;但术后7 d,两组肩关节周径及肩关节周径差值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组2例出现皮下瘀斑,对照组6例出现皮下瘀斑,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未发生深静脉血栓。结论:肩峰下及关节腔注射氨甲环酸能明显减轻肩关节镜术后早期软组织肿胀,具有较好的安全性。