Evaluating Dietary Patterns in Women from Southern Italy and Western Mexico

Traditional diets are known to be beneficial; however, both Italian and Mexican populations are gradually moving away from the Mediterranean and traditional Mexican diets. Since women play a key role in safeguarding dietary traditions and may reflect population dietary changes, we aimed to identify Italian and Mexican women’s current dietary patterns (DPs) and characterize their nutrient content. Cross-sectional analyses were separately conducted on two convenience samples of 811 women from Southern Italy and 215 women from Western Mexico. Food frequency questionnaires, 24 h recalls, and a principal component analysis (PCA) approach were used to derive a posteriori DPs. In Italian women, the first DP was characterized by the consumption of legumes, vegetables, and fish (8.8% of the total variance), while the second DP was characterized by snack foods, processed meats, and non-olive oils. In Mexican women, the first DP was characterized by the consumption of meats and processed foods (12.6% of the total variance), while the second DP by fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. In both populations, adhering to the DPs rich in healthy foods (i.e., fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish) was associated with a higher quality of diet in terms on nutrient content. However, adherence to the Western-type DPs was more common among women of younger age (p < 0.035). Thus, more extraordinary efforts are needed in promoting each country’s traditional healthy diet, especially among the new generations.     

重型肝炎肝移植围手术期营养支持48例报告

目的 探讨重型肝炎患者肝移植围手术期营养支持的方法及其意义.方法 48例重型肝炎患者,肝移植术前每日补充的热量为33～38 kcal/kg(1 kcal=4.18 kJ),以碳水化合物为主,蛋白质1 g/(kg·d)(经口服或静脉摄入).术后尽早予以肠内营养.术后2 d起用百普力500 ml/d,每日递增,术后5 d ...     

Frailty,Race/Ethnicity,Functional Status,and Adverse Outcomes After Total Hip/Knee Arthroplasty: A Moderation Analysis

BackgroundAlthough frailty has been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), prior studies have not examined how race/ethnicity might moderate these associations. We aimed to assess race/ethnicity as a potential moderator of the associations of frailty and functional status with arthroplasty outcomes.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients who underwent THA or TKA from 2011 to 2017. Frailty was assessed using the modified frailty index. Regression analyses were conducted to examine associations connecting frailty/functional status with 30-day readmission, adverse discharge, and length of stay (LOS). Further analyses were conducted to investigate race/ethnicity as a potential moderator of these relationships.ResultsWe identified 219,143 TKA and 130,022 THA patients. Frailty and nonindependent functional status were positively associated with all outcomes (P < .001). Compared to White non-Hispanic patients, Black non-Hispanic patients had higher odds for all outcomes after TKA (P < .001) and for adverse discharge/longer LOS after THA (P < .001). Similar associations were observed for Hispanics for the adverse discharge/LOS outcomes. Race/ethnicity moderated the effects of frailty in TKA for all outcomes and in THA for adverse discharge/LOS. Race/ethnicity moderated the effects of nonindependent function in TKA for adverse discharge/LOS and on LOS alone for THA.ConclusionDisparities for Black non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients persist for readmission, adverse discharge, and LOS. However, the effects of increasing frailty and nonindependent functional status on these outcomes were the most pronounced among White non-Hispanic patients.     

Risk of Positive Nonsentinel Nodes in Women with 1–2 Positive Sentinel Nodes Related to Age and Molecular Subtype Approximated by Receptor Status

We examine risk of positive nonsentinel axillary nodes (NSN) and ≥4 positive nodes in patients with 1–2 positive sentinel nodes (SN) by age and tumor subtype approximated by ER, PR, and Her2 receptor status. Review of two institutional databases demonstrated 284 women undergoing breast conservation between 1997 and 2008 for T1‐2 tumors and 1 (229) or 2 (55) positive SN followed by completion dissection. The median number of SN and total axillary nodes removed were 2 (range 1–10) and 14 (range 6–37), respectively. The rate of positive NSNs (p = 0.5) or ≥4 positive nodes (p = 0.6) was not associated with age. NSN were positive in 36% of luminal A, 26% of luminal B, 21% of TN and 38% of Her2+ (p = 0.4). Four or more nodes were present in 17% of luminal A, 13% luminal of B, 0% of TN and 29% of Her2+ (p = 0.1). Microscopic extracapsular extension was significantly associated with having NSNs positive (55% versus 24%, p < 0.0001) and with having total ≥4 nodes positive (33% versus 7%, p < 0.0001). In a population that was largely eligible for ACOSOG Z0011, the risk of positive NSN or ≥4 positive nodes did not vary significantly by age. The TN subgroup had the lowest risk of both positive NSN or ≥4 positive nodes. Several high risk groups with >15% risk for having ≥4 positive nodes were identified. Further data is needed to confirm that ACOSOG Z0011 results are equally applicable to all molecular phenotypes.     

云南省曲靖市护理人力资源配置现状调查

目的：通过调查,分析曲靖市各级医疗机构护理人力资源配置情况,为卫生行政管理部门为医疗机构合理配置护理人力,保障护理工作质量及医疗安全提供依据。方法通过调查问卷,对全市有法人代表的23个市、县（区）、乡镇、企业、民营医院、社区卫生服务中心等医疗机构的护理管理部门及4382名护士进行调查,应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果虽然床护比基本达标,临床护理岗位人员人力资源缺乏依然存在,人力资源不足依然是困扰护理管理的首要因素,护理队伍结构不合理,护理人员身份多元化,编制内护士比例逐渐降低,对护理职业的认同感及薪酬的满意度不容乐观。结论多途径、多渠道增加护理人员,尤其是编制内护士。有计划的重点培养一批护理骨干,在护理队伍中起好承上启下的引领、带动作用。尽快建立编制外护士管理标准,稳定护理队伍。改善护理人员待遇,尤其是技术职称的评定和聘任,不能与医疗机构其它卫生专业技术岗位形成巨大差距。     

高中生排便状况及相关因素调查分析

为了解高中学生排便状况,探讨诱发便秘的相关因素,采取整群分层随机抽样方法,于2009年3～6月对6048名在校高中生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括排便状况及相关因素共86项问题。结果显示,参照罗马Ⅲ便秘的诊断标准,便秘三联症的检出率为46．5％,女性、饮水较少、性格内向、偏食肉类及辛辣食物、生活及排便习惯不规律、常强忍便意、有排便不良习惯者更易出现便秘三联症。结果表明,高中生便秘三联症主要与不良饮食习惯、排便习惯,以及学习紧张等多种因素有关。     

胃癌患者术后早期肠内营养对临床结局的影响

目的观察术后早期肠内营养对胃癌患者临床结局的影响。方法将2010年7月至2011年5月间青岛大学医学院附属医院收治的60例胃癌患者按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组．每组30例。试验组患者术后早期少量多次进水加肠内营养制剂,对照组患者术后采用传统围手术期治疗方案。比较两组患者临床结局、术后免疫功能及营养状况。结果试验组与对照组患者术后发热时间[（81．1±6．4）h比（87．3±8．0）h,P〈0．05]、排气时间[（79．9±9．5）h比（86．6±8．7）h,P〈0．05]和住院时间[（7．83±2．23）d比（9．57±1．96）d,P〈0．01]比较,差异均有统计学意义;治疗费用分别为（30．22±3．22）千元和（34．60±32．12）千元,差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义[13．3％（4／30）比16．7％（5／30）,P〉0．05]。术后第3和第7天,试验组患者CD3＋、CD4＋、NK细胞、CD4／CD8、白蛋白和前白蛋白水平均明显高于对照组（均P〈0．05）,而CD8＋细胞显著下降．与对照组比较．差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论术后早期经口进食肠内营养制剂能够改善胃癌患者术后营养状况以及免疫功能,促进肠道功能早期恢复。