中国高校科技期刊服务学科建设的现状与对策——基于全国191所高校科研人员问卷调查

【目的】 在“双一流”建设和培育世界一流科技期刊的大背景下,分析高校科技期刊服务学科建设的现状,揭示存在的根本问题,进而提出可持续发展策略。【方法】 从科研人员视角出发,采用文献调研法和问卷调查法,对全国191所高校,特别是“双一流”建设高校的科研人员在高校科技期刊服务学科建设过程中的参与度、认知和诉求3个方面进行问卷调查。【结果】 大部分学者未能深度参与高校科技期刊工作,亦未在学科方向上引领期刊发展,且不了解科技期刊服务学科建设的总体情况;认为高校科技期刊的根本问题是整体学科布局缺乏顶层设计,行政办刊模式制约其发展,在学术监督、评价评估和文化构建方面的作用不明显;认为高校科技期刊整体学科布局应与“双一流”建设学科布局大体一致;希望高校科技期刊能通过创办重点学科方向的中、英文新刊,实现学者办刊等举措来更好地服务学科建设。【结论】 高校科技期刊服务学科建设应采取以下策略:聚焦世界科技前沿,实施学科前瞻布局;面向国家战略需求,坚定学科创新自信;围绕行业核心技术,助力社会经济建设;推进办刊模式改革,培育优秀学科文化。     

An Industry Perspective on Compatibility Assessment of Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices for Biologics

The Formulation Workstream of the BioPhorum Development Group (BPDG), an industry-wide consortium, has identified the increased use of closed system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) with biologics, without an associated compatibility assessment, to be of significant concern. The use of CSTDs has increased significantly in recent years due to the recommendations by NIOSH and USP that they be used during preparation and administration of hazardous drugs. While CSTDs are valuable in the healthcare setting to reduce occupational exposure to hazardous compounds, these devices may present particular risks that must be adequately assessed prior to use to ensure their compatibility with specific types of drug products, such as biologic drugs, which may be sensitive. The responsibility of ensuring quality of biologic products through preparation and administration to the patient lies with the drug product sponsor. Due to the significant number of marketed CSTD systems, and the large variety of components offered for each system, a strategic, risk-based approach to assessing compatibility is recommended herein. In addition to traditional material compatibility, assessment of CSTD compatibility with biologics should consider additional parameters to address specific CSTD-related risks. The BPDG Formulation Workstream has proposed a systematic risk-based evaluation approach as well as a mitigation strategy for establishing suitability of CSTDs for use.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下中药学专业教学体系及课程思政体系的构建

本文从教学平台技术、教学组织、课程构建和学生专业思政、课程思政方面进行论述,探讨了在突发公共卫生事件背景下,高等教育线上教学的组织开展。为了满足线上教学的要求,保证学生的学习质量,我们通过组织动员、线上教学技术培训、线上集体备课及试讲、课程建设、教学体系构建以及学生中医药专业思想的加强及专业自豪感的建立等方面,建立适合中药学专业的线上课程组合体,构建了以“主平台”“备用平台”以及“兜底平台”3个线上教学平台协同保障措施,保障线上课程的平稳开出,为新型冠状肺炎疫情下“停课不停学”的中药学专业的线上教学工作提供坚实的保障。     

“双一流”建设背景下学科服务品牌建设研究

“双一流”建设背景下学科服务是图书馆工作面临的新挑战。本文以广西中医药大学图书馆为例,从内涵、背景、措施和意义等角度,对创建学科服务品牌进行分析,提出在保障人力资源、加强思想教育的基础上,成立品牌管理团队,做好学科服务品牌建设顶层设计,做好做优知识服务工作,创新知识服务新模式,推进学科服务的发展。     

Sick but healthy: bariatric patients and the social construction of illness and disability

Bariatric (weight loss) surgery modifies the digestive system, which produces impairments and symptoms which might be considered illness or disability. Bariatric patients, however, do not view themselves as ill or disabled, but healthier than before surgery. For this study, 35 bariatric patients – from a clinic located in the Midwestern United States – were interviewed to investigate how moral and medical discourses surrounding obesity impact how patients experience their bodies after bariatric surgery. While previous literature on bariatric patients has explored discourses of medicine, stigma and discipline, fewer have analysed how patients interpret physiological symptoms. Patients often reduce or discontinue medications for chronic illness after bariatric surgery, then replace them with a strict regimen of dietary supplements. Even though these supplements are taken to manage an impaired digestive system, they do not carry the same moral weight as medications for chronic illness. Patients also experience painful and humiliating symptoms after bariatric surgery. Bariatric patients interpret symptoms not as illness, but as important disciplinary tools to lose weight. These findings have implications for the social construction and experience of illness and disability in the context of fat stigma, health morality and biomedicalisation.     

医改背景下公立医院文化建设的问题及对策

当前公立医院受到新医改的影响逐渐深入,其覆盖范围从硬件、制度直到现在的走向方针,而最为突出的表现便是越来越重视公益性的回归和社会价值作用,改变以往公立医院自身存在的营利性或者是趋利性,在为群众服务的时候凸显出非营利性或者是公益性的属性,为了确保能够达到这个效果,大型公立医院在自身改革和发展过程中必然要树立并不断培养文化培育,发挥其引导作用。就医院文化建设在理论还是落实两个角度出发,分析在医改背景下公立医院文化建设以及管理过程中存在的问题,并就此提出部分处理建议,以期为以后医院文化建设提供参考。     

基于期望模型的医学MOOC建设质量与学习者需要分析研究

新医科教育对医学院校的课程资源质量和供给方式提出了新的要求。为了分析医学MOOC质量问题，解决医学MOOC供需矛盾，将MOOC对学习者的适用性和改变情况作为MOOC质量的主要判定依据，通过调查国内5个MOOC平台的1 118门医学课程，组织了12门医学MOOC的学习实验，面向1 114名学习者进行了问卷调查和抽样访谈，发现医学MOOC存在着定位不清晰、分布不均衡、内容不完善和学习支持服务不精准等质量问题。从学习者的身份特征、知识结构、年龄分布、学习时间4个方面分析了医学MOOC学习者群体的学习需要，从内部和外部学习动机两个方面分析学习者群体的学习期望。根据期望模型，从需求调研、学习者分析、制定课程规范、师生互动反馈和技术支持服务5个方面提出了提高医学MOOC建设质量的对策。     

作者对同行评议意见异议申诉的必要性及期刊编辑对策

【目的】 了解作者在对退稿意见有异议时的申诉意愿,探讨申诉流程的建立。【方法】 采用麦客表单制作“作者申诉意愿调查”问卷,通过微信向作者发放问卷。收集问卷数据,分析作者既往的申诉情况及结果,探讨申诉策略以保证优秀稿件被录用。【结果】 41%的作者(306/738)在投稿过程中出现过对审稿专家意见有异议的情况,91%的作者(279/306)认为有必要向编辑部申诉,仅9%的作者(27人)认为不必申诉,不申诉的原因为浪费时间、申诉渠道不明、可以改投他刊、成功希望小。16%的作者(117/738)有过既往申诉史,23%(27/117)申诉成功。作者意向申诉的途径为致电编辑部、发邮件说明情况和请同行专家帮助。【结论】 作者的申诉意愿强烈,但最终进行申诉的作者却很少。期刊出版部门需健全作者的申诉渠道,鼓励作者进行申诉;编辑也要总结作者申诉原因,总结经验,不断提高业务能力。     

MRC quality of life studies using a daily diary card—practical lessons learned from cancer trials

The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Daily Diary Card for quality of life (QOL) assessment was first designed over ten years ago, and since then has been in continuous use in cancer clinical trials organized by the MRC Cancer Trials Office. However, clinical trials using this technique have only reached maturity since 1989 and later. Thus it is timely to review the experiences gained by use of this method of assessing QOL. Results from a series of clinical trials confirm that the Daily Diary Card appears to be a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument which is able to detect the transient changes in health and QOL which occur on a day to day basis during therapy for cancer. However, in early studies we also encountered a number of problems which were addressed during later MRC trials; we belleve that many of these are of general importance to any investigation of QOL in patients, many of the issues raised remain controversial, and the practical lessons learned from applying the Diary Card will be of relevance to those planning future studies of QOL assessment.