中药临床药师培训基地建设与人才培养的探索与实践

目的：探讨中药临床药师培训目标、培训模式以及培训方案,分析人才培养的局限性及不足,为各医院中药临床药师的培养提供参考。方法：梳理首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院中药临床药师培训具体内容,细化综合能力、药学及临床基本知识、临床药学技能培训和中药科研技能培训的方案及内容,强化中医基础知识在中药临床药学中的重要地位,不断完善中药临床药师基地建设和人才培养模式。结果：明确了学员的报名条件和培训目标,突出了药学、中药学和中医基础知识与临床的重要相互作用关系,并分析讨论基地建设与人才培养的局限性和不足。结论：中药临床药师是执行中药临床药学工作的主体,优化基地的培训体系和内容,丰富人才培养方案,解决问题与不足,本基地的工作内容可为中药临床药师的基地建设和人才培养提供参考。     

Correlates of Suicide in Building Industry Workers

Suicide within the construction industry in Queensland, Australia was reportedly high in a recent Royal Commission report. The current study examined the incidence and causes of suicide in this industry using psychological autopsy and focus group investigations. A total of 64 male suicides occurred over the seven-year period, representing a crude suicide rate of 40.3 per 100,000, significantly greater than the working age Australian male rate. Young employees were at excessive risk with separation/divorce, relationship problems, and untreated psychiatric conditions the major contributors. Focus groups emphasized the importance of work/home interface factors and industry-specific factors preceding suicide.     

护理专业与信息化建设

在阐述信息化建设对护理专业重要意义的基础上,对我国护理信息化的发展现状进行了分析,对未来发展趋势进行了展望,并指出了护理信息化进程中存在的两个重要问题:一是对护理信息系统的使用效果缺少科学、客观的评价,二是尚未建立全国统一的护理信息标准体系.     

儿科急诊现状及急救技术规范化建设思考

儿科急诊医学作为一门新兴学科,发展迅速但不平衡.本文通过回顾我国儿科急诊医学发展的历程与现状,分析了存在的主要问题,包括专业医师队伍缺乏、体系不规范、标准少、患者多、院前转运滞后、科学研究薄弱等.提出未来完善儿科急诊医疗体系过程中加强符合我国国情的儿科急诊技术规范化的设想,如专业人才培养、新技术准入和多学科合作,强调制定和推广指南的重要性.     

中国村卫生室医疗卫生服务能力的现状、问题及对策

目的:分析评价我国村卫生室医疗卫生服务能力的现状和问题,为制定政策提供参考和依据。方法:对东部(北京、江苏、山东、福建、广东)、中部(黑龙江、河南、湖北)以及西部(四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、新疆)共14个省(区、市)的1 683位医疗机构法人代表或者法定代表人、14 131位医务人员、12 316位城乡居民以及10 473名乡村医生进行问卷调查;分小组对福建、广东、贵州、河南、江苏、山东、云南、湖南、四川9个省实地调研,通过实地观察、开展座谈和蹲点访谈获取一手资料。结果:全国范围内村卫生室条件总体上明显改善,服务能力有所提高,但也普遍存在标准化达标率地区差距大、医疗服务水平能力偏低、公共卫生服务质量不高、缺药少药与过度用药并存等突出问题。结论:通过实施加大对医疗贫困地区财政扶持力度等政策提高村卫生室医疗卫生服务能力仍是当务之急。     

互联网药品交易服务状况调查分析

目的：对国内互联网药品交易服务状况进行调查分析,为运用现代手段创新药品交易服务模式提供参考。方法：通过CFDA网站,统计截至2017年上半年我国互联网药品交易服务的构成和分类情况;以获得A类资格证书的第三方交易服务平台为样本,逐家登陆平台网站,对其平台建设与服务方式、内容和网站质量进行评价分析。结果：调查结果显示,截至2017年6月底,全国取得互联网药品交易服务资格证书的共913家,是2014年的2.7倍;其中第三方交易服务平台40家（4.3%）,与2014年相比新增1.7倍;该类平台交易服务形式包括供采易-供应链B2B（复选率100%）、医药B2B （复选率100%）、B2C全渠道平台（复选率100%）、医药智能物流平台（复选率82.5%）、跨境商城（复选率80.0%）、O2O电商系统（复选率75.0%）等;平台在支付/配送、售后服务、交易监管等方面均有相应栏目支撑;平台登录便捷程度评价优秀的75.0%,信息更新频率评价优秀的60.0%。结论：调查分析结果说明,我国互联网药品交易服务发展较为迅速,服务形式、内容和网站质量整体趋好,但各省份间开展程度还存在较大的差异,需进行引导推进。     

The possibility of addressing epistemic injustice through engaged research practice: reflections on a menstruation related critical health education project in South Africa

Abstract

Questions of epistemic injustice in relation to community engagement activities have rarely been interrogated. While it is often purported that when academics and community members are involved in the co-creation of knowledge through a mutually beneficial exchange of resources and expertise, all participants emerge as active stakeholders in the knowledge production process, little research has been done on how academics or community partners experience these processes from an epistemological perspective. Does the proposed process of repositioning research participants in community engagement praxis allows for a new power dynamic to emerge in research such that all parties genuinely share equal responsibility for determining the processes and outcomes of the knowledge production process? Do such activities allow for an epistemological shift away from traditional knowledge construction paradigms to ones in which the democratisation of knowledge is prioritised? Does such an epistemological shift in the knowledge construction paradigm extend beyond simply the knowledge construction process to interpersonal relationships between academics and community members who see themselves as co-protagonists in a shared project? In grappling with these questions I will draw on my own, personal experiences working in a menstruation related engaged research critical health education project in South Africa, to discuss the complexities of whether and how the amelioration of epistemic injustices are being served through community engagement activities.     

立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思考

自2015年《国务院办公厅关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》发布以来,相关配套政策相继出台,分级诊疗制度能否持续有效贯彻落实,仍需法律层面的调整和保障。为此,针对当前分级诊疗制度建设存在的主要问题进行了深入分析,提出了立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思路和建议。     

Evaluating the readability and suitability of construction occupational safety and health materials designed for workers

Introduction

Printed materials for training and hazard communication are an essential part of occupational safety and health programs, but must be understood by their intended audience.

Methods

Researchers collected 103 safety training handouts, brochures, and Safety Data Sheets and scored them for readability and suitability using four standard health communication instruments: the SMOG test, the Flesch‐Kincaid Reading Ease Assessment, the SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials), and CCI (the CDC Clear Communication Index).

Results

Some of the materials used unfamiliar and technical terms. The SAM and CCI checklists revealed several elements of design and layout known to facilitate communication and comprehension, but missing from most of the materials scored.

Conclusion

Occupational safety and health professionals preparing curricula and handouts for distribution to workers should incorporate some form of readability and suitability assessment to help ensure their written materials are clear and comprehensible to all segments of their audience.

     

临床药学专业办学规范的思考与建议

我国的临床药学专业尚处于初创和发展阶段,尚未建立成型的办学模式和完整的教学体系,突出表现在必修专业课程的设置和内容比较混乱,教材建设严重滞后,临床实习的内容和制度不够健全,严重制约了该专业学生的培养质量,亟须制定全国性的《临床药学专业课程体系规范》,真正满足现代化医院对临床药师人才的需求。该文就该专业培养目标和规格、教学内容和知识体系、临床实践安排与内容、专业教材与教学大纲、师资队伍以及实习基地的建设等问题,结合本校临床药学专业建设的经验和体会,提出思考和看法。