柱前衍生化GC法测定旱芹非淀粉多糖中各单糖组分含量

目的建立测定旱芹非淀粉多糖中各单糖组分含量的柱前衍生化GC法。方法非淀粉多糖经衍生化生成糖腈乙酯,采用GC法进行分析。色谱柱:DB-17柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm);柱温:程序升温;载气:N2;进样温度:270℃;进样方式:不分流;检测器温度:270℃;进样量:1.0μL。结果水不溶性非淀粉多糖(insoluble non-starch polysaccharides,INSP)水解后得到7种单糖,分别是:L-(+)-鼠李糖、L-(+)-阿拉伯糖、D-(+)-岩藻糖、D-(+)-木糖、D-(+)-甘露糖、D-(+)-葡萄糖和D-(+)-半乳糖;水溶性非淀粉多糖(soluble non-starch polysaccharides,SNSP)水解后得到6种单糖,除无D-(+)-岩藻糖外,其余均同INSP水解后单糖。结论本方法准确度高,重现性好,可用于测定旱芹水溶性和水不溶性非淀粉多糖中各单糖组分的含量。     

隐匿性房室旁道心电图定位的临床价值评价

目的探讨隐匿性房室旁道心电It定位的临床价值。方法以我院2010年-2013年诊断收治的隐匿性房室旁道患者48例为研究对象。结果右侧旁道13例,在V1倒置12例,平坦3例,P-R间期均〉R—P-间期,左侧旁道35例,其中21例左前区域旁道,在I、aVLP-波倒置,在III、aVFP-波直立,P-R间期均〈R—P-间期;14例左后区域旁道,12例P-波在I、aVL直立、浅倒置、平坦,各种变化较大,P-R间期〉R—P-间期,2例左后间隔旁道在III、aVFP。波深倒置。结论隐匿性房室旁道诊断中采用体表心电图通过对P-波形态以及RP间期长短的观察能形成较为准确的定位。     

控制成分输血输注速率提高新生儿换血疗效

目的探讨序贯调节悬浮红细胞和血浆输注速率进行新生儿换血的有效性及安全性。方法选择2006年10月至2013年9月我科收治的需要进行换血治疗的严重高胆红素血症患儿,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组将所需红细胞与血浆按1∶1等速输注进行换血;观察组换血总量前1/3时,输注血浆速率为红细胞的两倍,中1/3时二者输注速率相等,后1/3时输注红细胞速率为血浆的两倍。换血前、中、后检测血常规、电解质、血糖及血胆红素等指标,并密切观察和记录患儿生命体征及经皮血氧饱和度(Sa O2)。结果对照组纳入40例,观察组纳入42例。两组患儿换血治疗后胆红素水平均明显降低[对照组:(222.1±30.3)μmol/L比(455.5±52.3)μmol/L,观察组:(207.3±27.8)μmol/L比(451.2±48.6)μmol/L,P<0.001],与对照组比较,观察组换血后胆红素水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组换血后血红蛋白含量明显高于对照组[(151±22)g/L比(135±26)g/L,P<0.01]。两组患儿换血相关并发症,如高血糖、血小板减少、低钙血症和低钠血症等均可在短时间内恢复正常。结论采用序贯调节悬浮红细胞和血浆的输注速率进行换血,在不增加用血量基础上,能明显降低胆红素水平和贫血的发生,且安全有效。     

色谱在中药现代化中的作用

色谱是一门理论与技术研究很成熟的分离分析科学,本文扼要分析了中药研究的现状,对色谱在中药物质基础与质量控制,制剂工艺,中药物质组分与生物分子作用,配伍机理等方面的应用作了介绍,并讨论了它在中药现代化方面的多重功能与更深入的开发前景。     

牛膝活性提取物对大鼠海马神经元生长的促进作用

目的:研究牛膝活性提取物(ABPPk)对体外培养的大鼠海马神经元生长的促进作用.方法:以体外原代培养的胎鼠海马神经元为模型,通过微管蛋白(β-tubulinⅢ)免疫荧光染色,采用Leica Qwin软件测量不同浓度ABPPk处理24 h对海马神经元突起延伸和突起分支的影响;通过突触结合蛋白(SYN)和突触后致密蛋白(PSD95)双标免疫荧光染色,采用LeicaQwin软件测量ABPPk(250 ng/ml)处理7d对海马神经元突触形成的影响;通过免疫印迹定量分析不同浓度ABPPk作用24 h对海马神经元生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达水平的影响,作用7d对PSD-95表达水平的影响,以及ABPPk(250 ng/ml)作用不同时间对磷酸化胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)水平的调节.分析ABPPk对海马神经元的作用与ERK通路的关系.结果:ABPPk可有效促进海马神经元的突起延伸和突触形成,免疫印迹结果显示,ABPPk能显著增加海马神经元GAP-43和PSD-95蛋白表达,作用5 min即能显著上调ERK磷酸化水平,作用15 min ERK磷酸化水平达到峰值,PD98059可抑制该过程.结论:ABPPk能促进体外培养的海马神经元突起生长和突触形成,上调GAP-43和PSD-95蛋白水平,其作用可能与ERK通路的激活有关.     

Cervical Positioning for Reduction of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Mild-to-Moderate OSAS

The objective of this study was to assess whether cervical positioning could improve mild to moderate cases of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Eighteen subjects recruited from a tertiary sleep disorders clinic population with mild to moderate cases of OSAS were evaluated using a custom-fitted cervical pillow designed to increase upper airway caliber by promoting head extension. The subjects used their usual pillows during two consecutive recorded baseline nights in our laboratory. They then used the cervical pillow for 5 days at home and returned for 2 consecutive recorded nights at our laboratory to use the cervical pillow. During the nights in our laboratory, the subjects completed questionnaires, were videotaped to record head and body position, and had full polysomnography. The subjects had a significant trend toward improvement in their respiratory disturbance indices with use of the cervical pillow, despite spending more time in the supine position and having similar amounts of REM sleep in the baseline and experimental conditions. They also had nonsignificant trends toward improvements in their sleep efficiency and subjective depth of their sleep as well as significantly fewer arousals and awakenings in the experimental compared with the baseline condition. We propose that cervical positioning (i.e., head extension) with a custom-fitted cervical pillow provides a simple, noninvasive, and comfortable means of reducing sleep-disordered breathing in patients with mild to moderate OSAS.     

New approaches to spatially analyse primary health care usage patterns in rural South Africa

OBJECTIVE: To develop indices to quantitatively assess and understand the spatial usage patterns of health facilities in the Hlabisa district of South Africa. METHODOLOGY: We mapped and interviewed more than 23 000 homesteads (approximately 200 000 people) in Hlabisa district, South Africa and spatially analysed their modal primary health usage patterns using a geographical information system. We generated contour maps of health service use and quantified the relationship between clinic catchments and distance-defined catchments using inclusion and exclusion error. We propose the distance usage index (DUI) as an overall spatial measure of clinic usage. This index is the sum of the distances from clinic to all client homesteads divided by the sum of the distances from clinic to all homesteads within its distance-defined catchment. The index encompasses inclusion, exclusion, and strength of patient attraction for each clinic. RESULTS: Eighty-seven per cent of homesteads use the nearest clinic. Residents of homesteads travel an average Euclidean distance of 4.72 km to attend clinics. There is a significant logarithmic relationship between distance from clinic and their use by homesteads (r(2)=0.774, P < 0.0001). The DUI values range between 31 and 198% (mean=110%, SD=43.7) for 12 clinics and highlight clinic usage patterns across the district. CONCLUSIONS: The DUI is a powerful and informative composite measure of clinic usage. The results of the study have important implications for health care provision in developing countries.     

车载负重感应与GPS定位技术在粪渣收运监管中的应用

以深圳市为例,总结了现有粪便收运方式存在的问题.通过在粪渣收运车上安装压力传感器和GPS定位系统,并通过对测量数据的无线远传,实现了对粪渣收运车行走路线和质量变化情况的实时监控.     

野生植物—火棘果营养成分

火棘(Pyracantha reom)属蔷薇科多年生灌木,其成熟果实呈扁园球形,色泽鲜艳,香气浓郁,酸甜微涩,风味独特,可食用或药用。果实的皮肉为可食用部分,与种子的重量比约为3.9∶1;粗蛋白质含量4.19％,氨基酸种类齐全,有VB_1,VB_2,VPP,VC,VE和胡萝卜素等多种维生素,且含量颇高;脂肪酸品质优良;矿质元素丰富;可溶性糖高达10～13％;还含有适量的淀粉、果胶等营养成分。它以其营养成分种类齐全,含量丰富,比例协调之优势,比苹果、猕猴桃更具特色。火棘果具有很高的营养保健价值,可作为酿制各种营养保健饮料(酒)或食品的优质原料,具有广阔的开发利用前景。