Decreased mortality in patients with isolated severe blunt traumatic brain injury receiving higher plasma to packed red blood cells transfusion ratios

IntroductionHigher transfusion ratios of plasma to packed red blood cells (PRBC) and platelets (PLT) to PRBC have been shown to be associated with decreased mortality in major trauma patients. However, little is known about the effect of transfusion ratios on mortality in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transfusion ratios on mortality in patients with isolated severe blunt TBI. We hypothesized that higher transfusion ratios of plasma to PRBC and PLT to PRBC are associated with a lower mortality rate in these patients.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Patients with isolated severe blunt TBI (AIS head ≥ 3, AIS extracranial < 3) admitted to an urban level I trauma centre were included. Clinical data were extracted from the institution’s trauma registry, blood transfusion data from the blood bank database. The effect of higher transfusion ratios on in-hospital mortality was analysed using univariate and multivariable regression analysis.ResultsA total of 385 patients were included. Median age was 32 years (IQR 2–50), 71.4% were male, and 76.6% had an ISS ≥ 16. Plasma:PRBC transfusion ratios ≥ 1 were identified as an independent predictor for decreased in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.43 [CI 0.22–0.81]). PLT:PRBC transfusion ratios ≥ 1 were not significantly associated with mortality (adjusted OR 0.39 [CI 0.08–1.92]).ConclusionThis study revealed plasma to PRBC transfusion ratios ≥ 1 as an independent predictor for decreased in-hospital mortality in patients with isolated severe blunt TBI.     

侧卧位直接前入路与后外侧入路在单侧全髋中的疗效对比

目的比较侧卧位直接前方入路(L-DAA)与后外侧入路(PLA)在单侧全髋关节置换术中的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2017年12月于重庆医科大学附属遂宁市中心医院关节外科行单侧全髋关节置换术患者共93例,纳入初次单侧置换患者,排除双侧或不能耐受手术的患者。按照手术入路不同分为L-DAA组(45例)及PLA组(48例)。所有手术均由同一组医师完成。对两组患者的身体质量指数(BMI)、围手术期各项指标(手术时间、失血量、术前血红蛋白值、术后第1天及第7天血红蛋白值、切口长度、平均住院日)、术前及术后Harris髋关节评分、术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)等计数资料采用t检验分析;术后影像学评价、术中及术后并发症等计数资料采用卡方检验进行统计学分析。 结果两组患者均获得有效随访,随访时间6～16个月,平均(11.7±1.6)个月。所有患者术后均未出现深静脉血栓、感染等严重并发症。两组在BMI值、术前Harris评分、术前血红蛋白值、手术时间、切口长度、术后影像学评价、术前及术后VAS评分以及平均住院日上差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两组的失血量、术后第1天及第7天血红蛋白值差异具有统计学意义,后外侧入路组的失血量更多,而术后第1天和第7天的血红蛋白值更低(t ＝0.361、0.484,均为P < 0.05);同时术后3个月患侧Harris髋关节评分L-DAA组高于PLA组(t ＝0.572,P < 0.05);术后6个月Harris髋关节评分两组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。L-DAA组术后均未发生人工关节脱位,PLA组术后出现2例人工关节后脱位,差异具有统计学意义(χ²＝0.465,P < 0.05)。L-DAA组术中发生2例股骨近端骨折,PLA组术中未发生股骨近端骨折,差异具有统计学意义(X² ＝0.587,P < 0.05)。 结论两种THA手术入路均能取得良好的近期临床疗效,其中L-DAA相较于PLA而言能减少手术创伤,更快恢复日常生活能力,有利于术后早期康复,符合快速康复(ERAS)理念。     

Tibial Tubercle-Trochlear Groove Distance Influences Patellar Tilt After Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundTibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is associated with a greater risk of recurrent patellar dislocation in young, active patients. However, the effect of TT-TG distance after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not been investigated. The purpose is to analyze the effect of TT-TG distance and component rotation on patellar tilt and patellar shift after TKA.MethodsAfter TKA, axial computed tomography scans and axial radiograph were taken in 115 consecutive knees. TT-TG distance was measured between the most anterior point of the tibial tuberosity and the deepest point of the femoral component relative to a line connecting the anterior condyles. Femoral and tibial component rotation was measured relative to the femoral and tibial rotational axis, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated.ResultsTT-TG distance had a significant correlation with patellar tilt in extension (R = 0.220, P = .018), patellar tilt in flexion (R = 0.438, P < .001), and patellar shift (R = 0.330, P < .001). Tibial component rotation had a significant correlation with patellar tilt in flexion (R = −0.251, P = .007) and patellar shift (R = −0.360, P < .001). Femoral component rotation had no significant correlations. Tibial component rotation had a significant correlation with TT-TG distance (R = −0.573, P < .001), whereas femoral component rotation had no correlation (P = .192).ConclusionTT-TG distance had a significant correlation with patellar tilt and patellar shift. Surgeons need to understand the factors affecting TT-TG distance and to pay attention to avoiding excessive TT-TG distance after TKA.     

六神丸HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱研究

目的?建立六神丸的HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱分析方法,对六神丸中主要特征峰进行归属并进行指认。方法?采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil C₁₈（250?mm×4.6?mm,5?μm）;乙腈-0.05%三氟乙酸水溶液作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱;紫外检测器（UV）参数:检测波长为296?nm;蒸发光散射检测器（ELSD）参数:漂移管温度为70?℃,喷雾器为冷却模式,氮气压力为25?psi;进样量20?μL;体积流量为1?mL/min。通过《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）》,建立14批六神丸指纹图谱的共有模式,计算其相似度,并对共有峰进行药材的归属以及成分进行指认。结果?分别建立了六神丸HPLC-UV及HPLC-ELSD的指纹图谱,及其共有模式,指认出HPLC-UV指纹图谱共有峰14个,14批六神丸制剂相似度为0.940～0.988,指认出HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱共有峰13个,14批六神丸制剂相似度为0.968～0.998。确认了和蟾蜍他灵、沙蟾毒精、远华蟾毒精、蟾毒它灵、华蟾毒它灵、蟾毒灵、胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、去氧胆酸。结论?首次建立了六神丸HPLC-UV/ELSD指纹图谱分析方法,该法操作准确、简单,重复性好、精密度高,可用于分析六神丸中化学成分信息,为六神丸质量控制提供了可靠的科学依据。      

基于网络药理学的当归补血汤辅助治疗肺癌的作用机制研究

[目的]运用网络药理学的方法,探究当归补血汤作为化疗后辅助用药治疗肺癌的可能作用机制。[方法]通过中药系统药理学分析平台（TCMSP）数据库查询当归补血汤中的成分,并通过口服生物利用度（OB）≥30%,类药性（DL）≥0.18,筛选出活性成分,通过中药成分靶点数据库（HIT）及Swiss Target Prediction Database进行成分靶点的垂钓,通过Therapeutic Target Database（TTD）、Drugbank、DisGeNET数据库查询肺癌相关靶点,利用Cytoscape 3.2.1构建成分-靶点等多层次网络图。使用DAVID数据库对当归补血汤辅助治疗肺癌的潜在作用靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。[结果]当归补血汤中共筛选得到27个活性成分,其中23个属于黄芪,4个属于当归,黄芪中的山奈酚、槲皮素、芒柄花素可能是辅助治疗肺癌比较重要的成分,微管相关蛋白Tau（MAPT）、细胞色素P450 19A1（CYP19A1）、雌激素受体α（ESR1）可能是当归补血汤辅助治疗肺癌比较重要的潜在作用靶点。GO富集分析显示,靶点涉及到170个生物过程相关条目、30个细胞组成相关条目、54个分子功能相关条目。KEGG通路富集分析显示,癌症通路（pathwanys in cancer）、癌症蛋白聚糖（proteoglycans in cancer）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路（PI3K-Akt signaling pathway）等是比较重要的通路。[结论]当归补血汤中的活性成分山奈酚、槲皮素、芒柄花素可能通过作用于MAPT、CYP19A1、ESR1发挥辅助治疗肺癌的作用,为进一步研究其辅助治疗肺癌的作用机制奠定基础。     

乳腺癌伴抑郁症患者中医辨证分型初探

[目的]分析乳腺癌伴抑郁症患者的中医证候特点,初步建立其中医辨证分型标准。[方法]筛选乳腺癌伴抑郁症患者,应用聚类分析和主成分分析,对中医证候进行提取和分析,征询全国乳腺癌以及中医诊断学领域专家的意见后,初步建立乳腺癌伴抑郁症的辨证分型标准。[结果]通过聚类分析归为4类,每类中取载荷0.5以上的症候变量为主成分;根据主成分分析,将乳腺癌伴抑郁症患者分为4个证型:肝郁气滞、肝郁脾虚、肝肾阴虚、心脾两虚,每一型均包含精神症状和躯体症状。[结论]乳腺癌伴抑郁症患者辨证分型标准模型的初步建立,为进一步研究乳腺癌伴抑郁症的辨证分型规律奠定基础。     

他莫昔芬治疗转染孕激素受体膜组分1乳腺癌裸鼠模型对乳腺肿瘤组织Ki-67表达的影响

目的 探讨他莫昔芬（tamoxifen,TAM）对转染孕激素受体膜组分1（progesterone receptor membrane component 1,PGRMC1）乳腺癌模型MCF-7乳腺肿瘤组织增生指数Ki-67表达的影响及其作用机制。方法 乳腺癌MCF-7细胞进行培养、孵育及传代后转染含有PGRMC1（MCF-7-HA-PGRMC1）或空质粒（MCF-7-HA-vector）,去势小鼠（共48只）包埋雌激素（estradiol,E2）缓释片48 h后,然后分别将以上两种细胞接种至裸鼠,作为实验组及对照组。每组再分别用安慰剂、黄体酮、他莫昔芬、他莫昔芬联合黄体酮处理,种瘤56 d后实施安乐死,无菌操作下完整摘除肿瘤组织,免疫组织化学法检测荷瘤体中Ki-67表达情况。结果 实验组肿瘤组织中Ki-67表达较对照组升高（P<0.001）,差异有统计学意义;实验组中,与单独E2相比,E2+TAM可降低肿瘤组织中Ki-67的表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;而E2+黄体酮并未促进Ki-67的表达（P>0.05）。与E2相比,E2+黄体酮+TAM组肿瘤组织中Ki-67的表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 PGRMC1可增加Ki-67表达、加快细胞增生,他莫昔芬治疗后可通过降低Ki-67表达拮抗PGRMC1导致的乳腺肿瘤细胞增生。     

基于支持向量机的脊柱离体组织电阻抗识别

目的 测量不同脊柱组织的电阻抗,基于支持向量机建立电阻抗数据的组织分类算法并验证算法的准确性,寻找不同组织电阻抗分类阈值。 方法 取离体脊柱组织,应用电化学分析仪采集10~100 kHz频率范围内皮质骨、松质骨、脊髓、肌肉、髓核的电阻抗。将两只猪采集的数据集分别作为训练集和测试集,应用主成分分析降维至二维数据,训练和验证基于支持向量机(SVM)建立的分类算法,应用集成学习的方法计算不同组织分类的电阻抗阈值。 结果 5种组织在10~100 kHz的测量频率内,电阻抗值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。应用主成分分析降维的数据集建立的支持向量机分类算法识别不同组织的准确率为100%。应用集成学习建立的多个分类器计算出了不同组织的电阻抗分类阈值。 结论 基于支持向量机可以实现脊柱术区组织电阻抗的准确识别,有望应用于临床协助医生提升组织识别准确率。     

Relation between vertical orientation and stability of acetabular component in the dysplastic hip simulated by nonlinear three-dimensional finite element method

In acetabular dysplasia, more vertical orientation of the acetabular component is often used to minimize the superolateral bone grafting. This study was designed to determine the effects of vertical orientation of the cup on the stability and polyethylene wear of the acetabular component in uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). Three-dimensional finite element models of the hemipelvis with dysplastic acetabulum were developed. Metal-backed hemispherical cups were placed in the true acetabulum with abduction angles of 35, 45, 55, and 65 degrees. It was found that more vertical orientation of the cup was associated with larger relative motion of the metal shell between the acetabulum and metal shell. Furthermore, tilting and torsional shear stresses in the model of the cup abduction angle of 65 degrees were found to be 1.7 times larger than that in the model with 35 degrees at the bone-metal shell interface. More vertically oriented cups caused larger contact stresses at the articulating surfaces of the polyethylene liners. The results suggest that the abduction angle of the acetabular component significantly influences cup loosening and polyethylene wear in THA.     

Enhanced default mode network connectivity with ventral striatum in subthreshold depression individuals

Subthreshold depression (StD) is a highly prevalent condition associated with increased service utilization and social morbidity. Nevertheless, due to limitations in current diagnostic systems that set the boundary for major depressive disorder (MDD), very few brain imaging studies on the neurobiology of StD have been carried out, and its underlying neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that the disruption of the default mode network (DMN), a network involved in self-referential processing, affective cognition, and emotion regulation, is involved in major depressive disorder. Using independent component analysis, we investigated resting-state default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity (FC) changes in two cohorts of StD patients with different age ranges (young and middle-aged, n = 57) as well as matched controls (n = 79). We found significant FC increase between the DMN and ventral striatum (key region in the reward network), in both cohorts of StD patients in comparison with controls. In addition, we also found the FC between the DMN and ventral striatum was positively and significantly associated with scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a measurement of depressive symptomatology. We speculate that this enhanced FC between the DMN and the ventral striatum may reflect a self-compensation to ameliorate the lowered reward function.