Acute aortic syndromes: aortic dissections,penetrating aortic ulcers and intramural aortic hematomas

Acute aortic syndromes, including dissections, intramural hematomas and penetrating aortic ulcers, are a catastrophic clinical entity that are relatively uncommon. A high index of clinical suspicion along with proper imaging modalities are critical in making a prompt and accurate diagnosis for immediate management and to improve survival of the patient.     

Efficacy of adjuvant ozone therapy in reducing postsurgical complications following impacted mandibular third-molar surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundResults from several randomized controlled trials have shown a beneficial effect of ozone in reducing postsurgical complications after impacted mandibular third-molar surgery, but the literature is lacking a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe authors conducted this systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines after exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied and the following outcome parameters were evaluated: pain, swelling, trismus, quality of life, number of analgesics consumed, and adverse events. RevMan Cochrane Collaboration software, Version 5.3, was used to perform meta-analysis and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence.ResultsPatients who underwent adjuvant ozone application reported lower pain scores than patients in the control group at 24 hours after surgery (95% CI, –3.94 to –1.56) and at 7 days (95% CI, –1.67 to –0.78). Pooled analysis of all 4 included trials revealed a standardized mean difference (SMD) in swelling of –0.44 at 24 hours, 0.63 at 72 hours, and –0.87 at 7 days after surgery in the experimental group. Higher mean estimates in mouth opening were experienced by patients who received ozone at 24 hours (SMD, 2.74; 95% CI, –1.93 to 7.41; 4 studies, 133 patients), 72 hours (SMD, 2.77; 95% CI, –0.63 to 6.17; 4 studies, 133 patients), and 7 days after surgery (SMD, 1.42 SMD; 95% CI, –1.34 to 4.18; 4 studies, 133 patients).Practical ImplicationsEvidence suggests that adjuvant ozone application can offer some benefit for reducing pain, improving quality of life, and decreasing mean intake of analgesics after impacted mandibular third-molar surgery, but it is not effective in reducing facial swelling and trismus, which paves the way for future research.     

Complications,risk factors,and patients-reported outcomes after skin-sparing mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction in women with BRCA mutations

Background: Women with a BRCA mutation have the option of undergoing prophylactic mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction; however, the potential negative effects of reconstruction on women’s physical and psychological well-being are unclear. This study aimed to investigate complications, patient-reported pain, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and satisfaction following reconstructive surgery at Oslo University Hospital between 2006 and 2013.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the records of 238 patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect patient-reported HRQoL and satisfaction with outcome using the Short Form-12 questionnaires and Breast-Q. The self-administered Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs was used to assess neuropathic pain.

Results: The majority of participants (89.5%) underwent implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR); the remainder underwent autologous-tissue breast reconstruction (ATBR). Overall, 28.6% had complications within 30?days of surgery and 14.6% required resurgery because of complications. Women who underwent IBBR had a later onset of complications than those undergoing ATBR. Participants in the survey (n?=?175 of 219, response rate 79.9%) reported similar HRQoL to an age-matched general female population. Few (2.9%) reported neuropathic pain. Patients who underwent IBBR were significantly less satisfied with the reconstructed breast (p?=?.001) and overall outcome (p?=?.02) than those who underwent ATBR, but there were no significant differences in HRQoL scores between the two groups.

Conclusions: Overall, 28.6% of the women had complications within 30?days and 14.6% needed resurgery. Few had neuropathic pain. Women who underwent ATBR were more satisfied with the overall outcome than those who underwent IBBR.     

国内鼻咽癌放疗后耳鼻咽喉并发症的现状与思考

放射治疗是目前治疗鼻咽癌的首选方法，随着放疗技术的进步和综合治疗手段的应用，患者的生存率得以持续提高。但放疗对鼻咽癌患者造成的并发症广泛而持久，严重影响放疗后患者的生存质量。这些并发症主要分布在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，由于种种原因，鼻咽癌放疗后并发症长期以来并没有得到相应的重视，而且有关注下降之虞。目前鼻咽癌的诊治流程、对鼻咽癌治疗的准入（包括对医院和医生的准入）要求、对鼻咽癌放疗后并发症治疗价值的认识等可能是影响因素。我们应该用生物心理社会医学模式指导临床医疗工作，正确认识疾病与生命的关系，重视生命的质量     

结直肠癌患者术前营养状况对术后生活质量影响

目的 探讨术前营养风险对胃肠肿瘤患者术后生存质量的影响，并对临床营养治疗提出合理建议。方法 通过一 项回顾性研究，选取2014 年 6 月至2016 年 6 月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院普外科新入院结直肠癌患者150 例，入院 后 24 小时内，应用NRS 2002 评估其营养状况，根据评分将患者分为两组，即研究组（存在营养风险）和对照组（无营养 风险），比较两组患者术后并发症之间的差异，运用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的生命质量核心量表比较两组间生存质量差 异。结果 NRS 2002结果显示对照组86例（57%），研究组 64例（43%）。不同营养状况患者比较，研究组患者术后感染， 吻合口瘘的发生率显著高于对照组患者。两者整体生存质量，躯体功能、认知功能、疲乏、失眠差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）； 而角色功能、情绪功能、社会功能、恶心呕吐、疼痛、气促、食欲丧失、便秘、腹泻、经济困难差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 通过多元逐步线性回归分析得出术前营养状态可以作为患者术后生活质量的独立影响因素。结论 术前存在营养风险的结直 肠癌患者，术后并发症显著增加，术后生活质量下降，应加强对术前存在营养风险患者的营养治疗。     

带蒂阴囊中隔皮瓣加盖睾丸鞘膜尿道成形术在失败尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的:评价带蒂阴囊中隔皮瓣加盖睾丸鞘膜尿道成形术在失败尿道下裂手术中的应用,了解其适应证、手术方法、术后并发症及远期效果。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月~2013年12月采用带蒂阴囊中隔皮瓣加盖睾丸鞘膜尿道成形术治疗的43例手术失败的尿道下裂病例及随访资料,描述手术适应证、手术方法,总结术后并发症及处理方法,评价远期效果。结果:平均手术时间110min。术后并发症发生率为14%(6/43),其中尿道皮肤瘘3例,尿道憩室1例,尿道口狭窄2例。术后1年随访,阴茎外观满意率为90.7%(39/43),通过随诊观察排尿评估尿道功能正常率为95.35%(41/43)。5例尿道镜检查无明显毛石形成。结论:带蒂阴囊中隔皮瓣加盖睾丸鞘膜尿道成形术是在失败尿道下裂修复术中有效的手术方式,手术方法相对简单,容易掌握,手术并发症较少,远期效果确切。