局部浸润和神经阻滞麻醉在会阴切开中的应用分析

目的 探讨会阴切开时不同麻醉方式对产妇的影响.方法 将100例产妇随机分为左侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉组(阻滞组)和局部组织浸润麻醉组(浸润组),每组50例,比较两组产妇镇痛效果、缝合时间、第四产程出血量及产后72h活动的情况.结果 浸润组在镇痛效果、缝合时间、出血量及产后的活动方面均优于阻滞组.结论 在会阴切开缝合术中应用小剂量利多卡因作阴部浸润麻醉有效减轻了产妇的切口疼痛,缩短缝合时间,减少第四产程出血量.     

以针灸为主的综合疗法治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛临床疗效观察

目的：比较针灸为主的综合疗法与西药治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效差异。方法：80例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。治疗组采用以针灸为主的综合疗法,即电针夹脊穴配合穴位注射,并辅以He-Ne激光治疗。对照组口服羟考酮控释片10 mg,2次/日;甲钴胺片0.5 mg,3次/日。分别记录治疗前后患者疼痛、睡眠障碍、焦虑程度的评分,并统计两组疗效。结果：治疗组的总有效率为100.0%（40/40）,优于对照组的87.5%（35/40）;治疗组的愈显率为85.0%（34/40）,优于对照组的65.0%（26/40,均P〈0.05）。在改善患者的疼痛、睡眠障碍及焦虑程度方面治疗组均优于对照组（均P〈0.01）。结论：针灸为主的综合疗法可有效地治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛,疗效优于西药组。     

表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视

目的 :评价高度近视患者表麻下行透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术的术后效果。方法 :5 6例 10 6眼高度近视患者在表面麻醉下行小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术。使用超声乳化仪 ,但未用超声能量。平均年龄 3 8 5 9± 9 44岁 ;术前裸眼视力 0 0 1～ 0 2 ,矫正视力 0 0 5～ 1 0 ;平均近视度 (-19 47± 5 41)D ,平均眼轴长(3 0 45± 1 94)mm ,平均植入人工晶状体屈光度数 ( 3 96± 4 2 7)D。术后平均随访时间 16个月。结果 :术后裸眼视力均好于或等于术前矫正视力。术后裸眼视力≥ 0 5者 79眼 (74 5 % )。术后矫正视力≥ 0 5者 99眼 (93 4% )。术后平均屈光度 (-1 49± 1 11)D。发生后囊膜混浊及玻璃体前界膜混浊 8眼 ,无视网膜脱离及黄斑囊样水肿发生。结论 :表麻下小切口透明晶状体吸出及人工晶状体植入术矫正高度近视 ,安全有效 ,预测性好 ,视力稳定。     

玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼的手术治疗策略

目的　评估玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者的手术治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析我院２０１３年１０月至２０１４年４月收治的玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者２６例２６眼的临床资料,对所有患者进行复合式小梁切除术,术中采用预置缝线,术后随访１２个月,观察视力、眼压及并发症情况。结果　末次随访时,视力、眼压均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;２０眼获得了满意效果,６眼术后眼压回升,加用降眼压药物后４眼控制在正常范围,２眼眼压失控,再次行睫状体二极管光凝术,术后眼压正常。结论　复合式小梁切除术,术中采用预置缝线,对玻璃体切割术后（水眼）继发青光眼患者是一种安全有效的手术方式,可以在很大程度上减少术中暴发性脉络膜出血及术后脉络膜脱离的发生几率。     

Effect of Muscle Relaxants on Short-term Results of Exotropia Surgery: A Focus on Resection Procedures

Purpose

We investigated the effect of muscle relaxants (atracurium) on the outcomes of intermittent exotropia surgery under general anesthesia, with a focus on resection procedures.

Methods

Thirty four patients who underwent recession and resection (R&R) were divided into two groups: atracurium usage (group A, n=18) and no atracurium usage (group B, n=16). Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the amount of resection of the medial rectus (MR): less than 5 mm (group 1, n=13) or 5 mm and greater (group 2, n=21). Deviation angles were compared between groups and subgroups. Surgical outcome was defined as successful if distant deviation angles were equal to or less than 10 prism diopters.

Results

The overall postoperative deviation angles did not show statistically significant differences between groups A and B. However, in patients with larger MR resections (≥ 5 mm), the 1 week postoperative distant deviation was significantly larger in group A (1.8±2.6 PD) than in group B (-1.6±4.6 PD, p=0.048 by t-test). The overall undercorrection rate at 3 months postoperatively for group A was 16.7%, which was higher than that of group B (6.3%), and the difference was even larger in subgroups with larger MR resections (≥ 5 mm): 18.2% in group A and 0% in group B.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent R&R procedures under general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant tended to be less corrected than those without muscle relaxant, especially in the early postoperative period and with a larger MR resection equal to or greater than 5 mm. However, there was no significant difference in the later postoperative period.     

单孔局麻胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜粘连术治疗气胸

目的评价在单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸安全性和临床效果。方法回顾分析江西省胸科医院2009年7月至2011年7月,经单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸20例。临床资料:其中男17例,女3例,患者持续漏气7d以上,或反复发作,肺功能差或者合并哮喘等基础疾病不能耐受手术。采用冲洗器和引流管制成的简易装置向胸腔内喷洒5g医用滑石粉,气管镜下观察到滑石粉在胸膜腔内均匀分布,置28F胸管引流直至无漏气,术后复查胸片观察肺复张情况。结果20例患者中17例治愈,13例胸痛,9例发热,3例皮下气肿,3例持续漏气,拔管中位时间为5d(3d-8d),在随访期间(18-42个月)[中位时间36个月]无复发。无重大并发症发生。结论单孔局麻支气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸是一项安全、有效、费用低廉的治疗方法,不仅可以治疗这类气胸,还可以预防气胸复发。     

氯胺酮在高危产妇剖宫产术全麻中对新生儿呼吸的影响

目的:研究氯胺酮在合并有并发症产妇的剖宫产术全麻中应用的安全性和可行性。方法:选择ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的产妇40例,随机分为氯胺酮全麻组(Q组)和椎管内麻醉组(Z组)。Q组方案:静注氯胺酮1mg·kg-1、司可林100 mg,气道表面麻醉后行气管插管,手术开始至胎儿娩出前一般无需追加上述药物,若追加氯胺酮其总量不超过1.5 mg·kg-1、司可林总量不超过200 mg,胎儿娩出后立即抽取胎儿脐带血行血气分析并对胎儿进行1min和5 min Apgar评分。观察产妇入室至离室各时间点的血压、心率、脉率血氧饱和度及产妇入室至手术开始所需的时间等指标。并记录两组新生儿出生后3~5 d的新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA)。结果 :在两组血气分析数值中Q组氧分压和血氧饱和度两项值均高于Z组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),新生儿1 min和5 min Apgar评分两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。产妇的血压、心率两组间在个别时间点比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),脉率血氧饱和度两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),产妇入室至手术开始所需的时间Q组明显短于Z组,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿NBNA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氯胺酮可以安全地用于剖宫产术全麻中,尤其适用于危重或禁用椎管内麻醉的产妇。     

Regional anesthesia and acute perioperative pain management in thoracic surgery: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveThoracic surgery causes significant pain which can negatively affect pulmonary function and increase risk of postoperative complications. Effective analgesia is important to reduce splinting and atelectasis. Systemic opioids and thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) have been used for decades and are effective at treating acute post-thoracotomy pain, although both have risks and adverse effects. The advancement of thoracoscopic surgery, a focus on multimodal and opioid-sparing analgesics, and the development of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia techniques have greatly expanded the options for acute pain management after thoracic surgery. Despite the expansion of surgical techniques and analgesic approaches, there is no clear optimal approach to pain management. This review aims to summarize the body of literature regarding systemic and regional anesthetic techniques for thoracic surgery in both thoracotomy and minimally invasive approaches, with a goal of providing a foundation for providers to make individualized decisions for patients depending on surgical approach and patient factors, and to discuss avenues for future research.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases from inception to May 2021 using the terms “thoracic surgery”, “thoracic surgery AND pain management”, “thoracic surgery AND analgesia”, “thoracic surgery AND regional anesthesia”, “thoracic surgery AND epidural”. We considered articles written in English and available to the reader.Key Content and FindingsThere is a wide variety of strategies for treating acute pain after thoracic surgery, including multimodal opioid and non-opioid systemic analgesics, regional anesthesia including TEA and paravertebral blocks (PVB), and a recent expansion in the use of novel fascial plane blocks especially for thoracoscopy. The body of literature on the effectiveness of different approaches for thoracotomy and thoracoscopy is a rapidly expanding field and area of active debate.ConclusionsThe optimal analgesic approach for thoracic surgery may depend on patient factors, surgical factors, and institutional factors. Although TEA may provide optimal analgesia after thoracotomy, PVB and emerging fascial plane blocks may offer effective alternatives. A tailored approach using multimodal systemic therapies and regional anesthesia is important, and future studies comparing techniques are necessary to further investigate the optimal approach to improve patient outcomes.     

Total failure of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery,associated factors,and outcomes: A retrospective case–control study

Spinal anesthesia is the anesthetic technique of choice for patients undergoing cesarean delivery. In the present study, total spinal anesthesia failure was defined as a case when an absent blockade or inadequate surgery required general anesthesia administration with an endotracheal tube. This study aimed to investigate factors related to this condition and report its maternal and neonatal outcomes.This retrospective matched case–control study was conducted by recruiting 110 patients with failed spinal anesthesia and 330 control patients from September 1, 2016, to April 30, 2020, in the largest university hospital, Thailand.Of 12,914 cesarean deliveries, 12,001 patients received single-shot spinal anesthesia (92.9%) during the study period. Total spinal anesthesia failure was experienced by 110/12,001 patients, giving an incidence of 0.9%. Factors related to the failures were a patient body mass index (BMI) ≤29.5 kg/m² (adjusted odds ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.2–3.1; P = .010) and a third-year resident (the most senior trainee) performing the spinal block (adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.5–3.7; P < .001). In the group with failed spinal anesthesia, neonatal Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were lower than those of the control group (both P < .001). Two patients in the failed spinal anesthesia group (2/110; 1.8%) had difficult airways and desaturation.Independent factors associated with total spinal anesthesia failure were a BMI of ≤29.5 kg/m² and a third-year resident performing the spinal block. Although the incidence of total failure was infrequent, there were negative consequences for the mothers and neonates. Adjusting the dose of bupivacaine according to the weight and height of a patient is recommended, with a higher dose appropriate for patients with a lower BMI.