Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: Abnormal cardiovascular reactions under general anesthesia

Summary The influence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy upon the behavior of the circulatory system was investigated in 56 patients who had undergone ophthalmological surgery. A standardized test combination (variability in heart rate during deep breathing, Valsalva ratio, 3015 ratio, change in blood pressure from lying to standing, sustained handgrip test) was used to study the patients' cardiovascular reflectory reactions. The patients were then divided into the following groups: Group I, non-diabetics Group II, diabetics without autonomic neuropathy Group III, diabetics with autonomic neuropathy The anesthetic (induction by barbiturates and conduction by inhalation agents) and the surgical procedure (pars plana vitrectomy) were standardized and always identical. During anesthesia patients in group III experienced hypotensive reactions (systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg) significantly more often (72.2%) than patients in group I (25%). In order to achieve stability in blood pressure the patients of group III had to be given vasoactive drugs much more often (77.8%) than the patients of group I (12.5%) and those of group II (35.7%). We found a significant correlation between the degree of autonomic dysfunction and the largest drop in blood pressure under narcosis (r=–0.60,P<0.001). However, marked variability in heart rate and cardiac rhythm disorders during anesthesia were seen only in patients of groups I and II. These results prove the atypical hemodynamic behavior and especially the extreme instability in blood pressure in diabetic autonomic neuropathy under general anesthesia. Therefore we consider it to be very helpful to check the cardiovascular reflectory status of diabetics preoperatively.Abbreviations AN autonomic neuropathy - AV atrioventricular - BP blood pressure - bpm beats per minute - cm centimeter - f female - HR heart rate - m male - PD diastolic blood pressure - PS systolic blood pressure     

2.5g/L罗哌卡因高位硬膜外阻滞对呼吸功能的影响

目的 观察2.5g/L罗哌卡因用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞时对呼吸功能的影响。方法 20例行择期乳癌改良根治术患者,于T3－4硬膜外腔注入2.5g/L罗哌卡因10－15ml,观察用药前及用药后10、15、30min4个时点的呼吸功能变化,同时监测麻醉平面和循环功能。结果 硬膜外腔注入2.5g/L罗哌卡因后10、15、30min与麻醉前相比,潮气量、补呼气量和肺活量明显降低（P＜0．05－0．01）,呼吸频率增快（P＜0．05）,分钟通气量与SpO2保持不变（P＞0．05）。胸部皮肤痛觉消失平面T1－2－T6－7,循环功能（HR、ECG、MAP、SBP、DBP）稳定。麻醉期间无其它不良反应。结论 2.5g/L罗哌卡因用于高位硬膜外阻滞,在获得满意镇痛范围及循环功能稳定的同时,肺通气功能基本保持不变。     

改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉的临床观察

目的：探讨甲状腺大部切除手术应用改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉效果。方法：全部病例均采用一点法深浅颈神经丛阻滞。将全部病例随机分为A、B两组（每组30例）,深丛均为0.25%布比卡因液或1.14%利多卡因和0.14%地卡因混合液,每侧各约5-6ml。A组为与深丛相同浓度的局麻药液,每侧约8-10ml,B组为与A组所用药同等剂量,但其浓度为A组的2/3（即加入1/3容量的生理盐水）,使浅丛容量较A组增加1/3,约为11-13.5ml。结果：两组病人经过顺利,均无并发症。阻滞效果均较好,但A组病人在手术进行到牵拉甲状腺上极时,有12例病人牵拉痛较明显。结论：低浓度高容量法颈丛阻滞,效果可靠、安全、并发症少,是甲状腺大部切除较理想的麻醉方法。     

原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤16例分析

目的：探讨原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理特点及合理的治疗方法。方法：对16例原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：发生于外阴9例,阴道5例,子宫颈2例。全部病例均行手术加化疗综合治疗,行区域淋巴结清扫11例,4例有转移,转移率36.3％。存活＜2年8例,≥2年8例,其中≥5年仅2例。结论：原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤预后差,行根治手术辅化疗和免疫治疗,可望提高生存期。     

依托咪酯—芬太尼复合用于瓣膜置换术麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的观察依托咪酯-芬太尼复合用于瓣膜置换术麻醉的临床效果。方法选择心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级的心脏瓣膜置换术病人40例,其中心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级13例并有反复心衰史,40例中二尖瓣置换术22例,主动脉瓣置换11例,双瓣置换术7例。麻醉诱导用依托咪酯0.3mg/kg,芬太尼0.5μg/kg,泮库溴铵0.08mg/kg,气管插管。结果注射时无注射部位的疼痛、肌震颤或不自主肌肉运动等不良反应,未见心电图波形和心率的特殊改变;麻醉前后比较SBP(kPa)由16.7±2.3降至12.8±3.9(P<0.01),MAP(kPa)由12.5±3.1降至9.7±1.6(P<0.05),而 SPO2均在97％以上,CVP亦无明显变化。结论依托咪酯-芬太尼复合诱导可获平稳的血流动力学,有效的抑制气管插管心血管反应和依托咪酯的不良作用,是心脏瓣膜置换术等心功能差及危重病人良好的麻醉诱导药。     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术麻醉的临床观察

目的:观察异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科手术的麻醉效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ级小儿眼科手术40例,随机分为异丙酚组(A组,n＝20)和安定组(B组,n=20).A组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加异丙酚、氯胺酮复合液4ml/(kg@h)连续输注,B组肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg负荷量,加静注安定0.2 mg/kg,以0.1%氯胺酮4 mg/(kg@h)连续输注.分别观察两组MBP、HR、SpO2变化、术毕清醒时间、氯胺酮使用总量及不良反应.结果:A组心血管反应轻微,术毕清醒时间短,不良反应少,与B组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01);A组氯胺酮使用总量比B组少(P＜0.05).结论:异丙酚复合氯胺酮用于小儿眼科麻醉效果确切,安全可靠.     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的临床研究

为观察异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围麻醉期呼吸循环功能的变化 ,以评价其实用性和安全性 ,将 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 ,择期行LC手术 ,以微量泵持续静注异丙酚维持麻醉 (剂量递减法 10～ 8～ 6mg/kg·h-1) ,控制呼吸频率 16～ 2 5 /min ,人工气腹后保持轻度过度通气状态 ,连续监测呼吸循环功能各参数的变化。结果显示 :本组异丙酚平均总用量为 5 6 0± 12 8mg( 8.0 5± 2 .16mg/kg·h-1) ,麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP、MAP一过性降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,于插管后迅速恢复 ;CO2 气腹后PETCO2 开始上升并于 15min后达最高值但在正常范围 ,86 .6 7%的病例于拔管后 5～ 10min麻醉苏醒并能简单答话。认为异丙酚全凭静脉维持麻醉用于老年人LC并于气腹期轻度过度通气能维持呼吸循环功能的相对稳定 ,且苏醒快 ,术后恢复良好 ,具有实用性和安全性