Mechanistic study of signalling pathways in intestinal B lymphocytes using eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a combination of both at a ratio of 2:1 on the signalling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intestinal B lymphocytes from broiler chickens. The results showed that these treatments reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospholipase C (PLC) and increased the concentration of inositol triphosphate (IP₃) significantly compared with the control group (P?2, COX-2, and PLC and increased the concentration of IP₃ (P?相似文献   

Rapid development and evaluation of a live-attenuated QX-like infectious bronchitis virus vaccine

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious disease, which causes economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. To control the disease, biosecurity and vaccination are required. In the current research, we rapidly attenuated a QX-like IBV field strain ZYY-2014 using passage in embryos at limiting dilution and tested the safety and efficacy of the attenuated Chinese QX-like IBV strain ZYYR-2014 in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens through spray route. Our result revealed that the attenuated strain presented a decreased pathogenicity in 1-day-old chickens. The strain ZYY-2014 inoculated birds presented typical IBV clinical signs with a mortality of 43%, while the attenuated strain ZYYR-2014 inoculated birds remained healthy. The strain ZYYR-2014 also presented stronger antibody responses and lower viral loads in tracheas, lungs and kidneys. When vaccinated through spray route into 1-day-old SPF chickens, our data suggest a potential of the attenuated ZYYR-2014 strain as a vaccine candidate applied in hatchery, which can contribute in preventing the QX-like IBV infections. Furthermore, attenuation by passage at limiting dilution could be applied for rapid vaccine development against emerging strains.     

EFFECT OF FURAZOLIDONE AND NITROFURAZONE ON BRAIN GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID AND GLUTAMATE CONCENTRATIONS IN CHICKENS

1. The concentrations of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were measured in the brains of chickens which were treated with furazolidone (FZ) or nitrofurazone (NF) at oral doses of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg for 5 days. 2. At the end of the treatment, the birds lost about 9% of their bodyweight when on the small dose of FZ or NF and about 18% when on the high doses. 3. Both drugs produced dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of GABA and glutamate which were statistically significant at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg of NF, and 50 mg/kg of FZ.     

鲜蛆替代国产鱼粉对海兰棕壳蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

目的：观察猪粪饲养的蝇蛆替代国产鱼粉作饲料对海兰棕壳蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。方法：用猪粪饲养蝇蛆，收集3龄鲜蛆直接替代国产鱼粉饲养40周龄海兰棕壳蛋鸡，设不同量鲜蛆替代组和鱼粉对照组，观察蛋鸡的日平均产蛋率、日平均产蛋量和平均蛋重，记录饲料消耗量和蛋鸡死亡数，用SPSS统计软件分析结果。结果：用鲜蛆蛋白半量替代饲养蛋鸡，蛋鸡产蛋能力优于常量国产鱼粉蛋白饲养，用鲜蛆等量和低于半量鱼粉蛋白量饲养蛋鸡，能取昨与常量鱼粉蛋白相同的饲养效果。用猪粪饲养的鲜蛆直接饲养蛋鸡不会增加疫病的发生。结论：鲜蛆饲养海兰棕壳蛋鸡的产蛋性能优于国产鱼粉，可不经消毒直接饲养蛋鸡。     

Effects of hypoxia on memory consolidation: Implications for a multistage model of memory

Anoxia treatment given 2.5 or 5 min after a single trial passive avoidance task in day-old chicks yielded a temporary retention loss between 20 and 50 min after learning. No effect was obtained when the treatment was administered immediately or 10 min after learning. The temporary retention deficit was not due to a generalized retrieval loss since anoxia given at various times after 10 min following learning with retention tested 30 or 60 min after anoxia treatment, did not yield a retention deficit. Similar findings were obtained with hypoxia. The implications of the results for a multistage model of memory were examined. In particular, it was suggested that the temporary retention deficit may be due to the breakdown of retrieval mechanisms associated with the second stage in a 3-stage model of memory processing.     

Cancer mortality in poultry slaughtering/processing plant workers belonging to a union pension fund

Background

The role of zoonotic biological agents in human cancer occurrence has been little studied. Humans are commonly exposed to viruses that naturally infect and cause cancer in food animals such as poultry that constitute part of the biological environment. It is not known if these viruses cause cancer in humans.

Objective

To study cancer mortality in the largest cohort to date, of 20,132 workers in poultry slaughtering and processing plants, a group with the highest human exposures to these viruses.

Methods

Mortality in poultry workers was compared with that in the US general population through the estimation of standardized mortality ratios.

Results

Significantly increased risks were observed in the cohort as a whole or in subgroups, for several cancer sites, viz: cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx; pancreas; trachea/bronchus/lung; brain; cervix; lymphoid leukemia; monocytic leukemia; and tumors of the hemopoietic and lymphatic systems. Elevated SMRs that were not statistically significant were observed for cancers of the liver, nasopharynx, myelofibrosis, and myeloma. New sites observed to be significantly in excess in this study were cancers of the cervix and penis.

Conclusion

This large study provides evidence that a human group with high exposure to poultry oncogenic viruses has increased risk of dying from several cancers. Other occupational carcinogenic exposures could be of importance in explaining some of the findings, such as fumes from wrapping machines. These findings may have implications for public health amongst persons in the general population who may also be exposed to these viruses. What is needed now are epidemiologic studies that can demonstrate whether the excess of specific cancers can be attributed to specific occupational exposures while adequately controlling for other potential occupational and non-occupational carcinogenic exposures.     

Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infection in Chickens in Small‐Scale Commercial Farms,in a High‐Risk Area,Bangladesh, 2008

Small‐scale commercial chicken farms (FAO‐defined system 3) with poor biosecurity predominate in developing countries including Bangladesh. By enroling fifteen highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) cases occurring in such farms – (February – April 2008) and 45 control farms (March–May 2008) with similar set up, we conducted a case–control study to evaluate the risk factors associated with HPAI H5N1 virus infections in chickens reared in small‐scale commercial farms in a spatially high‐risk area in Bangladesh. Data collected by a questionnaire from the selected farms were analysed by univariable analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. The risk factors independently associated were ‘dead crow seen at or near farm’ [odds ratio (OR) 47.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–480.3, P = 0.001], ‘exchanging eggtrays with market vendors’ (OR 20.4, 95% CI 1.9–225.5, P = 0.014) and ‘mortality seen in backyard chicken reared nearby’ (OR 19.4, 95% CI 2.8–131.9, P = 0.002). These observations suggest that improved biosecurity might reduce the occurrence of HPAI outbreaks in small‐scale commercial farms in Bangladesh.     

利用层粘连蛋白扩增罗曼鹤鸡骨髓间充质干细胞

背景：鸡骨髓间充质干细胞是胚胎发育学、免疫学和肿瘤学研究重要的细胞模型,但如何大规模扩增并使其保持良好的未分化潜能是鸡骨髓间充质干细胞应用中亟待解决的难题。 目的：建立扩增鸡骨髓间充质干细胞的层粘连蛋白培养体系。 方法：将体外分离得到的鸡骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种在包被层粘连蛋白培养皿和传统二维培养皿上。经过体外扩增,比较两种培养体系下,鸡骨髓间充质干细胞的形态特征、表面标志物、扩增性能和成脂分化潜能。结果与结论：层粘连蛋白培养体系和常规培养体系中骨髓间充质干细胞的形态学特征和表面标志物表达没有显著差异,但层粘连蛋白培养体系获得的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力和分化潜能都明显优于传统培养体系。可见层粘连蛋白培养体系能快速地扩增出大量增殖能力强和未分化性能良好的鸡骨髓间充质干细胞,为鸡骨髓间充质干细胞的进一步深入研究和应用提供生物学基础。     

医用透明质酸钠防止肌腱粘连的实验与临床应用研究

用３６只莱亨鸡的第三趾屈肌腱部分切断后缝合修复；１８只在切断处鞘内注入医用透明质酸钠制剂（ＳＨＰ）为实验组，半数注入生理盐水为对照组。然后分期活杀，通过趾屈曲度、肌腱滑移距离、肉眼和电镜观察及肌腱粘连范围组织学评分。结果表明实验组肌腱愈合好、无粘连，而对照组肌腱与周围组织粘连，界限不清。在动物实验的基础上，临床应用ＳＨＰ于３４例肌腱修复和８７例骨科其它手术，术中将ＳＨＰ均匀薄层涂抹在相关部位上，经３，８个月及３年的随访观察，表明ＳＨＰ对促进肌腱愈合，防止术后肌腱、肌肉、神经根、硬脊膜等的粘连及改善它们的滑移和关节功能具有良好的效果。如果创口发生感染和坏死，则将严重影响ＳＨＰ的作用和效果