Facial asymmetry in patients with cervicobrachial pain and headache

An increasing number of patients are visiting our hospital who have a chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain and/or headache but who do not have temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We carried out this study with a view to comparing the asymmetry of the facial skeleton or expression of such patients with those of healthy subjects. The incidence of such symptoms of patients and healthy subjects was examined by means of questionnaires. Asymmetry of the facial skeleton of patients was investigated by means of posterioanterior (PA) cephalograms. Facial asymmetry was analysed using the frontal view photographs of faces. We found that the patients had a higher incidence of various symptoms, including fatigability and irritability, in addition to neck and shoulder pain and headache, than the healthy subjects did. Both the healthy subjects and the patients had mandibular skeletal asymmetry to some degree, however, there was no significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the patients had a greater level of asymmetry of facial expression, chiefly of the lower face, than the healthy subjects did.     

A composite photographic image – could it replace a lateral cephalogram?

Introduction: Computer software allows a photograph of patient’s face and a photograph of their dental casts to be combined into one image, similar to that seen in a lateral cephalogram. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between the measurements carried out on this novel composite photographic image and those taken from a lateral cephalogram of the same patient.

Methods: The method involved the superimposition of a photograph of a patient’s dental casts onto a photograph of their profile thus creating a composite image. The position of teeth in relation to the face was then compared on these images and on lateral cephalograms. The distances between a number of facial reference points to the upper right central incisor and the upper right last molar, were measured on both images.

Results: The records of 34 participants showed that there was good or acceptable agreement between measurements carried out on composite images and on lateral cephalograms. This agreement was generally better for measurements carried out from the reference points to the incisor tooth than to the molar. However, standard deviations of the mean differences between measurements were relatively high.

Conclusions: The photographic superimposition method eliminates exposure to ionizing radiation and is relatively inexpensive. However, it is not reliable enough to deliver accurate information on the position of teeth in the face.     

Relationship of curve of Spee & dentofacial morphology in North Indian population – An in vitro study

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship of curve of Spee with dentofacial morphology using multiple linear regression analysis and to determine sexual dimorphism in North Indian population.MethodTwo hundred subjects were selected and divided into two groups of 100 males and 100 females. Lateral Cephalogram and models of all the subjects were taken. After tracing the cephalograms various dentofacial & dental parameters were measured: Dentofacial parameters were SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, APDI angle, ODI angle, FMA angle, Ar-Go-Me, Go-Me, Ar-Go, G-Sn-Pog', Cm-Sn-Ls, U to E-line, and L to E line. Dental parameters were Curve of Spee, Intercanine width, Intermolar width, Arch length and Dental arch form. Data thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsThe results suggested that the curve of Spee is more influenced by the dental morphology as compared to the dentofacial morphology, but it is not affected by sexual dimorphism.ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between mandibular curve of Spee and certain dental and dentofacial parameters.     

正常成人发音和鼓气过程中腭咽闭合的影像学比较研究

目的　比较正常成人发音和鼓气过程中腭咽闭合运动的差异。方法 对12名正常成年女性采取拍摄头颅侧位片的方法,分别拍摄发/i:/音时和鼓气时的头颅侧位片,测量鼓气和发音时的腭咽闭合率和软腭抬升高度。结果 实验对象的鼓气状态下腭咽闭合率的平均值为62.95%,标准差为4.89,言语状态时腭咽闭合率平均值为75.03%,标准差为5.34,两者之间具有显著性差异;鼓气状态软腭抬升高度平均值为0.5833cm,标准差为0.2340,言语状态时软腭抬升高度平均值为1.3259cm,标准差为0.5632,两者之间有显著性差异。结论 鼓气训练从一定程度对腭咽闭合功能的康复治疗有辅助作用,但这一状态下的腭咽闭合率和软腭抬升高度都低于发音时的平均水平,尚不能完全达到正常人发音时所需要的腭咽闭合的状态。鼓气训练对于改善腭咽闭合运动的有效性还需要进一步深入的研究。     

Cephalometric analysis of Deutero-Malay Indonesians

A cephalometric study using Downs' analysis was undertaken with lateral cephalometric radiographs for a mixed sample of 50 child, adolescent and young adult Indonesians who presented with Angle Class I occlusions.
Significant differences between this study group and the published results from comparative racial types were found for Downs' angle of convexity, Y-axis and incisor inclinations, indicating that Indonesians can be differentiated from other races with similar occlusions by using Downs' analysis.     

应用Forsus矫治器治疗恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形硬组织的临床研究

目的：探讨Forsus矫治器治疗恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形硬组织的改变。方法：选择13例下颌后缩,上颌基本正常或前突的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形患者,年龄10～13岁,采用Forsus矫治器进行治疗,对治疗前后头颅侧位片进行测量分析。结果：SNA、ANB、U1-SN、OJ、U1-NA,U1-NA（mm）,在治疗后减小（P〈0.05）,有显著性差异,L1-NB、L1-NB（mm）、ANS-Me在治疗后增大,有显著性差异。结论：Forsus矫治器能有效抑制上颌骨的生长,促进下颌生长,有效治疗恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形,协调上下颌关系,改善磨牙远中关系和下颌后缩的面型。     

Long-term stability of mandibular advancement with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Introduction

Aim of this study was 1) to evaluate long-term dental/skeletal stability in patients with mandibular retrognathia corrected by BSSO, and 2) to examine factors associated with relapse.

骨性错牙合Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类成人患者颈椎的形态

背景：虽然在国外已经研究过骨性Ⅱ类和正常牙合患者颈椎异常发病率,但在国内尚缺乏颈椎异常在不同错牙合畸形患者中发病情况的研究。目的：通过分析不同错牙合畸形患者的头颅侧位片,观察颈椎异常患者影像学表现,统计颈椎异常在不同错牙合畸形中的发生率。方法：骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形患者93例,男41例(年龄18-40岁),女52例(年龄22-35岁),上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角(ANB)>5°。骨性Ⅰ类错牙合畸形患者45例,男14例(年龄17-38岁),女31例(年龄20-36岁),1°<上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角(ANB)<4°。拍摄患者的自然头颅侧位片,分析和统计颈椎异常各亚类在两组中的发生情况。颈椎异常各亚类发生率与头颅侧位片各个测量值进行Logistic回归分析。结果与结论：①颈椎异常的表现类型分为后弓发育缺陷和融合两大类,后弓发育缺陷分为椎弓裂、发育不足两个亚类,融合又可分为寰枕融合和椎体融合两个亚类。骨性Ⅱ类组中颈椎融合占49%,后弓发育缺陷占4%。骨性Ⅰ类组中,颈椎融合占15%,后弓发育缺陷占6%,颈椎融合在两组中差异有显著性意义。②颈椎融合的发生与上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角(ANB),上齿槽座点-鼻根点-颏前点角(ANPg)有相关性,而后弓发育缺陷与各个测量值均无相关性。说明颈椎融合有可能与头颅面部矢状向发育方式有关而后弓发育缺陷不受头颅面发育影响。     

Facial pattern categories of sleep breathing-disordered children using Ricketts analysis

The facial patterns of 29 children under the age of 15 years with tonsil and/or adenoid and sleep disorder problems was analysed. The lateral-cephalograms of these patients was digitized in a zero-based computer program using Ricketts analysis to examine facial patterns. Results of the analysis were compared with the mean of the control group, n = 41 (9-year-old Japanese children). There were significant differences (P < 0.01-0.001) between the patient group and the control group when comparing the facial axis, lower facial height, mandibular arc, total facial height, and McNamara-Pogonion. The facial pattern of children with sleep breathing disorders was discovered to be the dolico facial pattern.