吸入伊洛前列素在儿童先天性心脏病肺血管扩张试验中的应用

目的:该研究在心导管检查中通过对先天性心脏病(CHD)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)儿童,吸入伊洛前列素前后的血流动力学参数的测定,评价吸入伊洛前列素在CHD相关性PAH儿童急性肺血管扩张试验的安全性、有效性。方法:研究选择2007年6月至2010年5月,于北京安贞医院小儿心脏科住院的左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH患儿,所有患儿行左、右心导管检查,并采用雾化吸入伊洛前列素,监测吸药前后血流动力学参数改变及不良反应。结果:该研究入选43例左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH患儿,年龄(8.52±4.76)岁。吸入伊洛前列素后肺动脉平均压由(77.14±12.14)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(69.35±12.14)mmHg(P<0.05);肺体循环血流量比值(Qp/Qs)由1.80±1.26升至3.06±2.90(P<0.05);肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)下降约5 Wood unit.m2〔吸入前(14.51±8.46)Wood unit.m2,吸入后(9.58±7.43)Wood unit.m2,P<0.05),体循环血压无明显变化〔吸入前(83.16±13.69)mmHg,吸入后(83.09±11.03)mmHg,P>0.05〕。以吸入伊洛前列素后PVRI较基础水平下降至少20%以上作为急性肺血管扩张试验阳性标准。肺血管反应阳性患儿31例,占72%,阴性反应患儿(PVRI下降<20%)12例,占28%。结论:对左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH儿童在心导管检查中吸入伊洛前列素可明显降低肺血管阻力,体循环血压无明显变化,无明显不良反应发生,可作为安全有效的急性肺血管扩张试验的用药。     

动脉导管未闭封堵术后血小板减少10例临床分析

目的 总结分析PDA介入封堵术后血小板减少的规律及可能的发生原因,为临床PDA的治疗提供指导.方法 选取延安医院2007年1月至2012年4月PDA封堵术后发生血小板减少的10例病例,分析血小板减少发生时间、下降规律、残余分流及相应的治疗措施等.结果 血小板减少发生率约为1.55％ (10/647),10例均为巨大PDA患者,10例病例术后均有不同程度残余分流,血小板减少发生于封堵术后3d内,血小板最低发生于术后4～6d,有6例输注血小板,所有病例无严重内脏出血发生.结论 PDA封堵术后血小板减少属于少见并发症,其发生原因可能与残余分流所致机械性破坏有关.     

The influence of deficient retro‐aortic rim on technical success and early adverse events following device closure of secundum atrial septal defects

• The rate of surgical turndowns (1.5–2.5%) in this report that went on to PCI is relatively consistent across centers.
• Unprotected left main intervention in patients turned down for surgery has high hospital mortality.
• With certain caveats, the HEART Team approach to these unique patients may be the answer

     

Angiotomographically-proven left innominate vein occlusion in dialysis patients with prior left internal jugular vein catheterization presenting with arm swelling after ipsilateral access creation: report of four cases

Central vein occlusion (CVO) is not uncommonly observed after hemodialysis (HD) catheter placement and it may prevent subsequent ipsilateral arteriovenous (AV) access creation. Right internal jugular vein catheterization (RJVC) appears to be the insertion site with the lowest incidence of CVO, but little is known about the incidence of CVO following left internal jugular vein catheterization (LJVC). We report on four patients with left innominate vein occlusion after LJVC who developed severe arm swelling after ipsilateral AV access creation. In three of the four cases swelling appeared 12-26 months after access creation, and in the fourth, swelling developed immediately after surgery while the catheter was still in place. Two patients underwent access ligation and in the remainder the arm swelling improved either spontaneously or after LJVC removal. LJVC is not as safe as RJVC as an insertion route for HD catheter placement in terms of CVO frequency.     

Relative importance of attribute preferences for radial vs. femoral arterial access: A crowdsourcing study of healthy online‐recruited volunteers

Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is typically performed with vascular access provided by the radial or femoral artery. However, little is known about how patients value aspects of these different vascular access approaches. Methods : Conjoint analysis is a survey‐based statistical technique used in market research that helps determine how individuals value different attributes that make up a particular product or services. We utilized conjoint analysis to assess the relative importance of four attributes associated with PCI: access site, risk of bleeding, hospital stay, and radiation exposure. Participants were healthy individuals recruited by Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTURK). After completing a conjoint analysis survey, the software Conjoint.ly was used to calculate the relative importance for these four different attributes of PCI. Results : The relative importance of hospital stay, radiation exposure, bleeding risk, and procedure site was 32.7% (95% CI 29.5–35.8), 27.3% (95% CI 24.8–29.8), 24.4% (95% CI 22.3–26.5), and 15.7% (95% CI 13.6–17.8), respectively. The difference between these groups was statistically significant (P‐value < 0.00001). The difference between duration of hospital stay and radiation exposure was statistically significant (P‐value < 0.00433). Conclusion : Patients undergoing PCI place largest relative value on duration of hospital stay. Access site appears the least valued attribute. These findings carry implications to guide further research on access site choices and the consent process in the context of shared decision‐making.     

中心静脉导管腹腔引流治疗顽固性腹水36例分析

目的探讨采用腹腔穿刺置入中心静脉导管治疗顽固性腹水的疗效。方法选择2010年7月至2011年3月本科室经补充白蛋白及各种利尿剂治疗无效的肝硬化顽固性腹水患者36例,进行腹腔置管放液治疗,第1次放腹水一般不超过800ml,此后每日放腹水量1500～2000ml,联合输注人血白蛋白10g／d。口服螺内酯400mg／d,呋塞米160mg／d,联合内科综合治疗。结果观察治疗12d后的腹水消退情况、超声检查结果、尿量、稳定时间,治疗3d后患者腹胀均得到缓解,12d后显效17例（47．2％）,有效15例（41．7％）,无效4例（11．1％）,总有效率达88．9％。结论中心静脉导管置入腹腔后,减少了穿刺次数,减少了肝肾综合征的发生,中心静脉导管腹腔持续引流操作简便,不良反应少,有利于顽固性腹水的治疗。     

Successful intracoronary thrombolysis in cocaine-associated acute myocardial infarction

We describe a case of cocaine-associated acute myocardial infarction managed by cardiac catheterization and intracoronary thrombolysis. Based on this and other reported cases, it appears that an invasive approach to the management of cocaine-associated acute myocardial infarction is advantageous over intravenous thrombolysis. Such a strategy would define the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction in the setting of cocaine use and allow mechanical intervention should pharmacologic therapy be unsuccessful. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:294–297, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Rapid hemostasis of arterial puncture sites with collagen in patients undergoing diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization

Despite the continuous reduction of sheath sizes in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterizations and the discontinuation of coumadin use after coronary stent implantation, a challenging role remains for hemostatic devices in the sealing femoral puncture sites. Since the introduction of the vascular hemostatic device (VHD) in 1991 and the hemostatic puncture closing device (HPCD) in 1992, numerous studies investigating these devices have been published. The deployment success rates reported in 2,292 patients for VHD is 97%, ranging from 88 to 100%. For HPCD, the mean deployment success rate resulting from 622 published patients leads to an identical result of 97%, ranging between 91 and 100%. For time to hemostasis, data have been analyzed according to the four different clinical situations, depending on level of anticoagulation (none or full) and the time of sheath removal (immediate or delayed). In randomized studies, when compared with the manual control groups, both devices revealed a statistically significant reduction in time to hemostasis: 12 to 16 minutes less for diagnostic catheterization and 14 to 30 minutes less for PTCA. As for minor local complications, no clinically relevant differences seem to exist. None of these devices has been proven to reduce major local complications. Prospective trials addressing early mobilization after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the cost effectiveness of arterial closure devices in defined subgroups are warranted.     

经皮心包穿刺置入中心静脉导管引流心包积液的体会

目的探讨应用Seldinger导管法置入中心静脉导管引流心包积液的疗效及安全性。方法20例中-大量心包积液患者在超声心动图的定位下应用Seldinger穿刺法,分别从心尖部及刽突下经皮置入中心静脉导管间断或持续引流心包积液。结果20例心包积液均一次成功置入中心静脉导管,未出现与导管穿刺相关并发症,引流时间：3—17d,平均5d。引流量305—3000ml,平均908．3ml。结论Seldinger穿刺法置入中心静脉导管引流中-大量心包积液安全有效,由于该操作简单,取材方便,成功率高,明显减少不良反应,可替代传统穿刺方法,便于推广。