Urgent/Emergent percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy

Urgent/emergent percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) was performed in 10 patients (two men and eight women, aged 21 to 60 yr). All patients had arterial hypoxemia and four required mechanical respirators. PTMC was performed in the semi-recumbent position in four patients. The seven patients with pliable valves (group 1) achieved good hemodynamic and echocardiographic results after PTMC, but one died 2 wk later because of sepsis complicating preexisting pneumonitis. The two pregnant patients uneventfully delivered normal babies at term. There was continued clinical improvement in the six surviving patients at last follow-up at 11 to 39 mon (median 26). Of the three patients with calcified valves and severe subvalvular lesions (group 2), the premoribund patient in whom last-resort PTMC created severe mitral regurgitation died 3 days later of multiple organ failure. The other two patients underwent mitral valve replacement 1–6 days later because of lack of clinical improvement due to creation of severe mitral regurgitation and ineffective mitral valve dilation, respectively. In conclusion, urgent/emergent PTMC is feasible and safe. However, its outcomes are dictated by the status of diseased mitral valve and coexisting illness.     

Plasma lidocaine concentrations after local anesthesia of the groin for cardiac catheterization.

This study aimed to investigate serum lidocaine concentrations after subcutaneous infiltration of the groin for cardiac catheterization. One hundred twenty-six patients for planned heart catheterization received five different dosages (5-25 ml) of lidocaine 2% for local anesthesia of the groin in a randomized manner. All of them received an arterial sheath and 13 received both an arterial sheath and a venous sheath for right heart catheterization. Blood samples were taken before as well as 15, 30, and 120 min after subcutaneous application of the drug. Although in 33 patients with an arterial sheath (no venous sheath) excessive doses of lidocaine 2% (20-25 ml) were used, neither symptoms of intoxication nor toxic plasma levels were observed. However, in patients receiving an additional venous sheath, toxic plasma levels were obtained in a third of the cases. One of them showed symptoms of intoxication.     

Variation in Survival After Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories in the United States

BackgroundIn-hospital cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterization is not uncommon. The extent of variation in survival after cardiac arrest occurring in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) and underlying factors are not well known.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with higher survival rates after an index cardiac arrest in the CCL.MethodsWithin the GWTG (Get With The Guidelines)–Resuscitation registry, patients ≥18 years of age who had index in-hospital cardiac arrest in the CCL between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2017, were identified. Hierarchical models were used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, and cardiac arrest characteristics to generate risk-adjusted survival rates (RASRs) to discharge for each hospital with ≥5 cases during the study period. Median OR was used to quantify the extent of hospital-level variation in RASR.ResultsThe study included 4,787 patients from 231 hospitals. The median RASR was 36% (IQR: 21%) and varied from a median of 20% to 52% among hospitals in the lowest and highest tertiles of RASR, respectively. The median OR was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.52-1.87), suggesting that the odds of survival for patients with identical characteristics with in-hospital cardiac arrest in the CCL from 2 randomly chosen different hospitals varied by 71%. Hospitals with greater annual numbers of cardiac arrest cases in the CCL had higher RASRs.ConclusionsEven in controlled settings such as the CCL, there is significant hospital-level variation in survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest, which suggests an important opportunity to improve resuscitation outcomes in procedural areas.     

Use of the stiff shaft,straight terumo glidewire in crossing stenotic aortic valves

One of the more difficult and time-consuming diagnostic procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is retrograde crossing of the severely stenotic aortic valve. Whereas patients with advanced aortic stenosis tend to be complicated and elderly, lengthy procedures can lead to a higher incidence of thrombo-embolic and vascular complications and relatively greater procedural blood loss. This report concerns the use of the Terumo Glidewire to facilitate passage through stenotic and tortuous peripheral arteries. © 1993 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.     

Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization in Infants and Children

Transseptal left heart catheterization was performed in 80 infants and children with various forms of congenital heart disease. The majority had left heart obstructive lesions. Forty percent were under 5 years of age and less than 20 kg in weight. Uncomplicated cardiac perforation occurred in two patients. The technique is described in detail with emphasis on measures which increase the safety of the procedure for the patient. We conclude that this is a useful technique and in selected patients may be the preferred approach to the left heart.     

Plasma Cortisol and Growth Hormone Responses to Intravenous Catheterization

Abstract

Plasma Cortisol and growth hormone (HGH) responses to venous catheterization were studied in 29 volunteer subjects. Repeat catheterizations were performed in 18 individuals. Mean plasma cortisol levels were significantly elevated during the first hour of the initial catheterization experience. Morning and afternoon levels of cortisol were not distinguishable during the first catheterization, but PM levels were significantly lower than AM levels during the second catheterization experience. Growth hormone responses were much more variable than cortisol and were distributed logarithmically. Growth hormone responses tended to parallel cortisol responses during the first catheterization experience. Individuals who listed more symptoms in response to venipuncture and catheterization after finishing their first catheterization had significantly higher cortisol and growth hormone levels during this experience. These data suggest a definite endocrine adaptation to catheterization by the second or third hour of the experience.     

Effects of Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Ureteroscopic Stone Removal: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) associated with intraoperative urinary catheterization is a distressing symptom during recovery from anesthesia. Anticholinergics have been used to manage CRBD. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine, which also has anticholinergic effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of CPM in preventing CRBD. Seventy-six adults (19-65 years old) with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, or III of either sex, undergoing elective ureteroscopic stone removal under general anesthesia were randomized into one of two groups (each n = 38). Group C (control) received a placebo, and group CPM received 8 mg of intravenous CPM before the induction of anesthesia. CRBD was assessed upon arrival in the post-anesthetic care unit at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h. The severity of CRBD was graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe. Tramadol was administered when the severity of CRBD was more than moderate. The incidence rate and overall severity of CRBD did not differ between the groups at any of the time points (р > 0.05). The incidence of moderate CRBD was higher in group C than in group CPM only at 0 h (26.3% vs. 5.3%, р = 0.025). However, fewer patients in the CPM group required rescue tramadol to relieve CRBD after surgery (31.6% vs. 60.5%, р = 0.011). CPM administration before the induction of anesthesia had little effect on the incidence and severity of CRBD after surgery, but it reduced the administration of tramadol required to control CRBD postoperatively.     

膀胱安全容量导尿法对骶上脊髓损伤患者下尿路功能的影响

评估依据膀胱安全容量行间歇性导尿对骶上脊髓损伤患者下尿路功能的影响。     

腹盆腔血管数字化三维模型指导血管内介入插管方式选择研究

目的利用腹盆腔血管及腰骶椎数字化三维模型,探讨左右髂总动脉分叉角度及分叉开口位置与髂总动脉长度的关系,从而指导血管内介入插管方式的选择。方法选取2011年9月至2013年5月在我科接受腹盆腔CTA检查患者439例,采用数字化三维重建技术构建患者腹盆腔血管及腰骶椎数字化三维模型,Mimics软件联合Geomagic软件对左右髂总动脉间分叉角度和左右髂总动脉长度进行测量,观察并记录左右髂总动脉分叉角度所对应椎体。通过统计学软件对左右髂总动脉分叉角度与其对应椎体位置及左右髂总动脉长度进行相关性分析。结果成功构建439例患者腹盆腔血管和腰骶椎三维模型,均清楚显示左右髂总动脉分叉角度及分叉开口位置。439例患者中左右髂总动脉分叉角度为平均(49.1±12.4)°,分叉开口位于L3~4有38例,L4上1/3有63例,L4中1/3有89例,L4下1/3有135例,L4~5有114例。左右髂总动脉平均长度分别为(45.6±15.6)mm和(43.3±15.4)mm。Pearson相关分析显示,左右髂总动脉分叉角度与其分叉开口位置高度存在负相关关系(r=-0.172,P<0.05),该分叉角度与左右髂总动脉长度也存在负相关关系(左侧:r=-0.171,P<0.05;右侧:r=-0.164,P<0.05)。结论左右髂总动脉分叉开口位置越低,其角度越大,相应髂总动脉长度越短,经股动脉行对侧髂内动脉直接插管距离短、易操作,成功率高;反之,插管路径就延长,直接插管难度增加,需用成襻插管技术,或进一步结合髂内外动脉分叉角度,评估是选择对侧还是同侧髂内动脉插管。