眶隔脂肪异位游离移植矫正眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋美容手术

目的 探讨一种用切除的眶隔脂肪异位游离移植以矫正眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋美容方法 .方法 在眼轮匝肌与眶隔间分离,于眶下缘打开眶隔,去除多余的眶隔脂肪,折叠加强眶隔后,将去除的眶隔内脂肪重新回填于眶隔外,用于修复眶鼻沟的凹陷畸形.自2007年3月至2009年2月,用此术式共诊治睑袋患者135例.结果 本组患者共135例,获随访1～12个月,术后异位游离移植的脂肪存活率高,下睑外形饱满,眶鼻沟存在的凹陷有明显改善.结论 本方法 是一种矫治睑袋的有效方法 ,适用范围较广,尤其适用于伴有下眶缘眶鼻沟凹陷的睑袋患者.     

100例嵌甲患者的手术治疗效果分析

目的：通过对100例嵌甲病人的手术治疗探讨部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术治疗甲沟炎的疗效。方法：对三种类型共100例甲沟炎病人施以部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术加以治疗。结果：共治疗100例,99治愈（其中80例一期愈合,19例感染,经引流、换药后二期愈合）。随访2～8个月,平均5个月,一例复发,无复发患者对趾甲外形满意。结论：嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因,部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术对治疗各类型嵌甲时手术操作简单,效果满意,复发率低,同时一定程度上有美甲作用。     

Effect of fibrin glue on the prevention of persistent cerebral spinal fluid leakage after incidental durotomy during lumbar spinal surgery

Approximately one million spinal surgeries are performed in the United States each year. The risk of an incidental durotomy (ID) and resultant persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a significant concern for surgeons, as this complication has been associated with increased length of hospitalization, worse neurological outcome, and the development of CSF fistulae. Augmentation of standard dural suture repair with the application of fibrin glue has been suggested to reduce the frequency of these complications. This study examined unintended durotomies during lumbar spine surgery in a large surgical patient cohort and the impact of fibrin glue usage as part of the ID repair on the incidence of persistent CSF leakage. A retrospective analysis of 4,835 surgical procedures of the lumbar spine from a single institution over a 10-year period was performed to determine the rate of ID. The 90-day clinical course of these patients was evaluated. Clinical examination, B-2 transferrin assay, and radiographic imaging were utilized to determine the number of persistent CSF leaks after repair with or without fibrin glue. Five hundred forty-seven patients (11.3%) experienced a durotomy during surgery. Of this cohort, fibrin glue was used in the dural repair in 278 patients (50.8%). Logistic models evaluating age, sex, redo surgery, and the use of fibrin glue revealed that prior lumbar spinal surgery was the only univariate predictor of persistent CSF leak, conferring a 2.8-fold increase in risk. A persistent CSF leak, defined as continued drainage of CSF from the operative incision within 90 days of the surgery that required an intervention greater than simple bed rest or over-sewing of the wound, was noted in a total of 64 patients (11.7%). This persistent CSF leak rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with prior lumbar surgery (21%) versus those undergoing their first spine surgery (9%). There was no statistical difference in persistent CSF leak between those cases in which fibrin glue was used at the time of surgery and those in which fibrin glue was not used. There were no complications associated with the use of fibrin glue. A history of prior surgery significantly increases the incidence of durotomy during elective lumbar spine surgery. In patients who experienced a durotomy during lumbar spine surgery, the use of fibrin glue for dural repair did not significantly decrease the incidence of a persistent CSF leak.     

不同微创方法治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的比较

目的总结复杂性输尿管上段结石的有效治疗方法。方法回顾性分析经尿道输尿管镜碎石（URL）、微创经皮输尿管镜碎石（MPCNL）以及后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术（RLU）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者的临床效果,比较3种治疗方法的成功率及结石清除率。结果285例患者中,URL治疗121例,一次手术成功率70．1％,改开放手术5例,术后1个月结石清除率为79．3％。MPCNL治疗94例,一次手术成功率86．0％,改开放手术6例,术后1个月结石清除率为92．1％。RLU治疗70例,一次手术成功率97．0％,改开放手术2例,术后1个月结石的清除率为100％。结论．对于复杂性输尿管上段结石的微创治疗,应根据患者临床情况及实际要求制定治疗方案。     

完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术30例临床应用分析

目的探讨完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用前景。方法总结分析2009年5至9月中国医科大学附属盛京医院第一微创外科、胆道外科施行的30例完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术方法及临床效果。结果30例手术均获成功,无一例中转传统腹腔镜或开腹胆囊切除术,手术时间为20～60min,平均32.2min。术后无出血、胆汁漏等并发症发生,患者恢复良好,对治疗及美容效果满意。结论完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在技术上是安全可行的,但较传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术而言其操作难度增加,近远期临床疗效和手术风险需要进一步的临床随机对照研究来证实。     

轴向椎体间融合术微创治疗腰骶椎失稳症

目的 评价轴向椎体间融合术(AxiaLIF)微创手术治疗L5/S1失稳症的临床有效性和安全性. 方法 采用尾骨尖旁2 cm切口,在G臂X线透视下,经骶椎前方建立工作通道,骨性通道入口在S1～2之间,用特殊工具经轴向的工作通道切除椎间盘、植骨,最后拧入长度合适的轴向固定螺栓.治疗12例L5/S1失稳症,观察手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期并发症以及随访观察椎间融合情况,并采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术前后患者症状改善情况. 结果 手术时间30～70min,术中出血50～90 ml,无并发症发生.所有患者于术后第2天戴腰围活动.随访时间3～9个月,VAS和ODI分别由术前6.66±0.89和61.18±7.93降至术后3个月2.08±0.79和21.51±3.63,差异有统计学意义.术后融合情况:1例于术后6个月完全融合,10例部分融合,1例尚未见融合. 结论 轴向椎体间融合术手术创伤小,并发症少,术后恢复快,为L5/S1节段提供一个安全而微创的椎体间融合方式.     

眶上微骨窗入路显微手术切除鞍上脑膜瘤

目的 介绍经眶上微骨窗入路切除鞍上脑膜瘤的显微外科技术和经验.方法 经眉内小切口5例,经翼点入路16例,采用眶上约3.5 cm×2.5 cm小骨窗开颅,显微外科技术切除鞍上脑膜瘤21例,肿瘤最大径2.8～6.2 cm,回顾分析其临床资料.结果 所有肿瘤显露良好,Simpson Ⅰ级切除5例,Simpson Ⅱ级切除15例,Simpson Ⅲ级切除1例.无手术死亡及严重并发症,术前视力障碍患者术后均有不同程度改善.术后随访6个月至5年,平均3.8年,影像学上肿瘤残留1例.结论 眶上微骨窗入路可替代传统额下或翼点入路切除鞍上脑膜瘤并具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优点.     

Role of salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy

Chemoradiotherapy has become a popular definitive therapy among many patients and oncologists for potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma. Although the complete response rates are high and short-term survival is favorable after chemoradiotherapy, persistent or recurrent locoregional disease is quite frequent. Salvage surgery is the sole curative intent treatment option for this course. As experience with definitive chemoradiotherapy grows, the number of salvage surgeries may increase. Selected articles about salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma are reviewed. The number of salvage surgeries was significantly lower than the number of expected candidates. To identify candidates for salvage surgery, patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy should be followed up carefully. Salvage esophagectomy is difficult when dissecting fibrotic masses from irradiated tissues. Patients who underwent salvage esophagectomy had increased morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were common. The anastomotic leak rate was significantly increased because of the effects of the radiation administered to the tissues used as conduits. The most significant factor associated with long-term survival appeared to be complete resection. However, precise evaluation of resectability before operation was difficult. Nevertheless, increased morbidity and mortality will be acceptable in exchange for potential long-term survival after salvage esophagectomy. Such treatment should be considered for carefully selected patients at specialized centers. This review was submitted at the invitation of the editorial committee.     

A Long-Term Cross-Sectional Study on Gastric Bypass Surgery: Impact of Self-Reported Past Sexual Abuse

Background  This study examined differences in gastric bypass surgical outcomes by comparing two groups of female patients: those with a history of sexual abuse (SA) and those without a history of sexual abuse (NSA). Methods  Participants who agreed to participate in the study were assessed at either 6–18 months or 19–40 months postsurgery. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), level of depression as measured through the Beck Depression Inventory, level of self-esteem as measured through the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and BISS as measured through the Body Image State Scale. Two-by-two analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted for each of the four outcome variables. Results  ANOVA results revealed that BMI was the only variable to be found statistically significant among the four dependent measures. At 6–18 months postsurgery, the SA group had significantly higher BMI than the NSA group. Compared BMI during the two postsurgery time periods, the SA group had a significantly lower BMI at 19–40 months than the SA group at 6–18 months postsurgery. Conclusion  The results suggest that females with a history of sexual abuse did not differ from their counterparts with regard to depression, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction at baseline, as well as years after surgery. Given the improvement in BMI from the sexual abuse group at 6–18 months postsurgery to 19–40 month postsurgery, patients may not be as concerned with maintaining excess weight as a defense against potential future abuse as originally proposed.