Caudal end of the rat spinal dorsal horn

We have previously demonstrated that the transformation of the caudal spinal cord through the conus medullaris to the filum terminale takes place in three steps. In the conus medullaris the twin layers of CGRP-immunoreactive and IB4-labeled primary afferent fibers as well as the translucent portion of the superficial dorsal horn equivalent to the substantia gelatinosa discontinue before the complete removal of the dorsal horn. Parallel with these changes VGLUT1-immunoreactive myelinated primary afferent fibers arborize not only in the deep layers but also in the entire extension of the remaining dorsal horn, while scattered CGRP fibers still remains at the margin of and deep in the dorsal horn. PKCgamma-immunoreactive dorsal horn neurons discontinue parallel with the disappearance of the IB4-labeled nerve fibers. These observations suggest that in the dorsal horn certain neurons are linked to the substantia gelatinosa, while others are substantia gelatinosa-independent neurons.     

Pregnancy and sex steroid hormones enhance circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in rats

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid neuropeptide synthesized primarily in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and distributed widely in the perivascular nerves, suggesting that this peptide may play a role in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone. Since female sex steroid hormones have been implicated in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone during pregnancy, we postulated that they may alter the concentration of CGRP in the circulation and thus modulate the increased blood flow observed during pregnancy. In the present study, we measured changes in plasma concentrations of CGRP in non-pregnant, pregnant, and post-partum rats. Groups of ovariectomized rats were treated s.c. for 3 days either with 17beta-oestradiol (2.5 microg per injection twice daily), progesterone (2 mg per injection twice daily), or vehicle. Another group of adult, non-pregnant rats at dioestrus stage of the oestrous cycle was also used in this study. Plasma concentrations of CGRP were higher (P < 0.05) in rats on day 19 of pregnancy (22.0 +/- 3.0 pmol/l) compared to that during delivery (5. 0 +/- 2.0), post-partum day 2 (2.0 +/- 0.7) or in non-pregnant (4.9 +/- 1.6) state. Furthermore, in adult ovariectomized (6.0 +/- 0.6) rats, plasma CGRP concentrations were increased significantly (P < 0. 05) by oestradiol (10.0 +/- 1.0), progesterone (9.5 +/- 1.0) and oestradiol + progesterone (14.0 +/- 1.0). Thus, circulating concentrations of CGRP are elevated during pregnancy and by oestrogen and progesterone, suggesting that the elevated concentrations of CGRP may play an important role in vascular adaptations that occur during pregnancy.     

Effects of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on Na+, Cl−, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ transport in cortical and medullary thick ascending limbs of mouse kidney

The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on transepithelial Na⁺, Cl^–, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ transport was investigated in isolated perfused cortical thick ascending limbs (cTAL) and that of human calcitonin (hCT) was tested in both cortical and medullary thick ascending limbs (mTAL) of the mouse nephron. The transepithelial ion net fluxes (J _x) were determined by electron probe analysis of the perfused and collected fluids. Simultaneously, the transepithelial voltage (PD_te) and resistance (R _te) were recorded. In cTAL segments, PTH and hCT significantly stimulated the reabsorption of Na⁺, Cl^–, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. hCT generated a net K⁺ secretion towards the lumen and PTH tended to exert the same effect. Neither PD_te nor R _te were significantly altered by either PTH or hCT. However, in the post-experimental period a significant decrease in PD_te was noted. Time control experiments carried out under similar conditions revealed a significant decrease in PD_te with time, which could have masked the hormonal response. In mTAL segments, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ transport was close to zero. hCT did not exert any detectable effect on either PD_te or J _Cl ^–, J _Na ⁺ J _K ⁺, J _Mg ²⁺ and J _Ca ²⁺ in these segments. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PTH and hCT stimulate NaCl reabsorption as well as Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ reabsorption in the cTAL segment of the mouse. These data are in agreement with and extend data obtained in vivo in the rat.     

2型糖尿病中医辨证分型与血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽研究

为探讨 2型糖尿病中医辨证分型与血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽的关系 ,检测血浆内皮素 ( ET)及降钙素基因相关肽 ( CGRP)含量 ,分析其与中医各证型的关系。结果显示 :1糖尿病各型患者血浆 ET值均较正常对照组明显增高 ,其中血瘀气滞组 >阴阳两虚组 >气阴两虚组和阴虚热盛组 ,而气阴两虚组与阴虚热盛组之间无明显差异。2糖尿病各型患者血 CGRP值均较正常对照组明显下降 ,其中血瘀气滞组和阴阳两虚组 <气阴两虚组 <阴虚热盛组 ,而血瘀气滞组与阴阳两虚组之间无明显差异。说明糖尿病患者中医辨证各证型的微观机制及病程演变与血管内皮细胞功能、肽能神经功能的变化密切相关     

异丙酚对大鼠血流动力学和血浆及心肌内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的　探讨异丙酚对大鼠血流动力学和血浆及心肌内皮素 (ET)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的影响。　方法　 12～ 14周 Wistar大鼠 2 4只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 8只 :A组 (对照组 ,注射 0 .9%生理盐水 ) ,B组 (低剂量异丙酚 )和 C组 (高剂量异丙酚 )静注异丙酚 5 m g/kg诱导麻醉后分别静脉持续 30 min注入异丙酚 30、6 0 m g·kg- 1 · h- 1 。总容量均相同 ,记录未注药时、注药后 2 ,10 ,2 0 ,30 m in的收缩压 (SBP)、平均动脉压 (MAP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率 (HR)及呼吸 ,测定血浆及心肌 ET、CGRP的含量。　结果　组内比较 :B组各时点血压、心率无差异(P<0 .0 5 ) ;C组随时间的延长 ,2 0 ,30 min的 SBP、MAP、DBP、HR均下降 (P<0 .0 5或 0 .0 1)。组间与 A组比较 :各组基础值无差异 ;B组仅在 2 ,10 m in时 HR下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;而 C组 SBP、MAP、DBP、HR均下降 (P<0 .0 5或0 .0 1) ,且 HR随时间的延长与 A组的差异明显增加 ,30 m in时 P<0 .0 0 1;B组和 C组血浆中 CGRP增高、ET下降 ,C组改变显著 ,心肌中 CGRP、ET无变化。　结论　异丙酚促进 CGRP释放 ,抑制 ET的释放 ,通过改变 CGRP/ET的平衡呈时间剂量依赖性降血压 ,减慢心率     

Clinical Study on Influence of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (补阳还五汤) on the Metabolic Imbalance of Endothelin and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide in Patients with Early Cerebral Infarction

ＦｒｏｍＭａｙ1995ｔｏＭａｙ1997,ＢｕｙａｎｇＨｕａｎｗｕＤｅｃｏｃｔｉｏｎ（补阳还五汤,ＢＨＤ）ｗａｓｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｉｎｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｉｔｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｄｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅｏｆｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ（ＥＴ）ａｎｄｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ（ＣＧＲＰ）．Ａｎｏｔｈｅｒｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｍｅｄｉ…     

内分泌和神经相互作用对大鼠痛阈、脊神经节及脊髓后角CGRP免疫反应的影响

采用免疫组化的方法,选取地塞米松和P物质分别代表内分泌和神经因素,研究了它们单独作用及共同作用时对L4、L5脊神经节和脊髓后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层CGRP免疫反应性的影响,并用显微图像分析系统进行相对定量分析处理;同时用热板测痛法测量了痛阈的变化。结果表明①地塞米松尾静脉注射后痛阈升高,L4、L5脊神经节和脊髓后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层CGRP免疫反应减弱,提示地塞米松可能有抑制痛觉信息一级传入的作用;②P物质鞘内注射后痛阈降低,L4、L5脊神经节和脊髓后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层CGRP免疫反应增强,P物质可能有促进痛觉信息一级传入的作用;③地塞米松和P物质共同作用后痛阈有所降低,L4、L5脊神经节和脊髓后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层CGRP免疫反应强度介于二物质单独作用之间,似乎二者的作用发生了“中和”,但免疫反应仍较对照组增强。结果提示痛觉的一级传入可能受神经-内分泌相互作用的影响。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆内皮素与降钙素基因相关肽的含量观察

目的 :探讨急性脑梗死 ( ACI)与血浆内皮素 ( ET)、降钙素基因相关肽 ( CGRP)的关系。方法 :采用放免法测定脑梗死组 45例、正常对照组 47例血浆 ET、CGRP水平。结果 :ACI组血浆 ET为 ( 10 8.80± 38.77) ng/ L,显著高于正常对照组( 5 1.19± 16 .75 ) ng/ L,P <0 .0 1。ACI组血浆 CGRP为 ( 2 3.72± 12 .5 5 ) ng/ L,显著低于正常对照组 ( 36 .89± 17.30 ) ng/ L,P <0 .0 1。ACI伴高血压者 ET显著高于不伴高血压者 ,而 CGRP显著低于不伴高血压者 ,P <0 .0 5。结论 :ACI患者 ET较正常人升高 ,而 CGRP较正常人降低 ,ET和 CGRP的这种变化可能参与了脑卒中的发病过程     

血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽浓度与心力衰竭的相关性

目的　探讨心力衰竭 (心衰 )与血浆内皮素 (ET)、血浆降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)之间的关系。方法　用特异性放射免疫分析法测定 3 8例心衰患者血浆ET和血浆CGRP水平。结果　心衰组血浆ET水平 ( 12 0 .4 2± 8.18)ng/L明显高于对照组 ( 4 8 66± 6 4 8)ng/L ,P <0 0 0 1。而心衰组血浆CGPR水平 ( 16 70± 4 13 )ng/L明显低于对照组 ( 64 70± 11 76)ng/L ,P<0 0 0 1。心衰严重程度与血浆ET和CGRP水平相关。心衰患者血浆ET与GCRP水平之间呈负相关关系 (r =- 0 82 3 6,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　循环血中ET与CGRP可能参与心衰的发生和发展 ,CGRP可能拮抗ET的心肌损伤作用