与鼻内镜手术相关的鼻泪管解剖测量

①目的　熟悉鼻泪管的局部解剖关系 ,为鼻内镜下鼻泪管的手术提供依据。②方法　对 5 6侧正中矢状位切开尸头的鼻泪管进行解剖学测量。③结果　鼻泪管开口位于下鼻道前 1/ 3段顶或侧壁 (30侧 ,2 6侧 )。鼻泪管长度为 (15 .99± 2 .5 2 )mm ,鼻泪管上口径平均 2 .97mm ,鼻泪管中段管径 4.2 0mm ,鼻泪管上口内侧壁厚平均 0 .73mm ,中段内侧壁厚平均 0 .5 5mm ,鼻泪管下口前缘至前鼻棘距离平均 2 1.97mm ,下口前缘至下鼻甲前缘附着处的距离平均为 10 .5 4mm ,上颌窦开口前缘到鼻泪管后壁的距离平均 3.82mm ,鼻泪管长轴与眉间至前鼻棘连线的夹角为 8.74°± 1.39° ,以上各指标左右侧比较差异无显著性 (t =- 0 .983～ 1.481,P >0 .0 5 )。④结论　鼻泪管上口位于鼻丘隆突下缘 ,下口位于下鼻道前端顶或侧壁 ,是鼻内镜鼻腔泪囊造口术的重要标志。     

Food insecurity among Canadian youth and young adults: insights from the Canada Food Study

ObjectiveThis study explored associations between socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported health, and household food security among young adults.MethodsNational cohort study participants from Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, and Halifax, Canada, aged 16–30 years (n = 2149) completed online surveys. Multinomial logistic regression, weighted to reflect age and sex proportions from the 2016 census, was conducted to examine associations between food security status and covariates.ResultsAlmost 30% of respondents lived in food-insecure households, with 19% in “moderately” food-insecure and 10% in “severely” food-insecure households. Respondents identifying as Black or Indigenous were more likely to live in moderately (AOR = 1.96, CI: 1.10, 3.50; AOR = 3.15, CI: 1.60, 6.20) and severely (AOR = 4.25, CI: 2.07, 8.74; AOR = 6.34, CI: 2.81, 14.30) food-insecure households compared with those identifying as mixed/other ethnicity. Respondents who found it “very difficult” to make ends meet were more likely to be moderately (AOR = 20.37, CI: 11.07, 37.46) and severely (AOR = 101.33, CI: 41.11, 249.77) food insecure. Respondents classified as “normal” weight (AOR = 0.64, CI: 0.43, 0.96) or overweight (AOR = 0.53, CI: 0.34, 0.83) were less likely to be moderately food insecure compared with those affected by obesity. Compared with “very good or excellent,” “poor” health, diet quality, and mental health were each positively associated with severe food insecurity (AOR = 7.09, CI: 2.44, 20.61; AOR = 2.63, CI: 1.08, 6.41; AOR = 2.09, CI: 1.03, 4.23, respectively).ConclusionThe high prevalence of correlates of food insecurity among young adults suggests the need for policies that consider the unique challenges (e.g., precarious income) and vulnerability associated with this life stage.     

Inequities in access to VA’S aid and attendance enhanced pension benefit to help Veterans pay for long‐term care

ObjectiveTo examine characteristics that are associated with receipt of Aid and Attendance (A&A), an enhanced pension benefit for Veterans who qualify on the basis of needing daily assistance, among Veterans who receive pensions.Data sourcesSecondary data analysis of 2016‐2017 national VA administrative data linked with Medicare claims.Study designObservational study examining sociodemographic, medical, and healthcare utilization characteristics associated with receipt of A&A among Veterans receiving pension.Principal findingsIn 2017, 9.7% of Veterans with pension newly received the A&A benefit. The probability of receiving A&A among black and Hispanic pensioners was 4.6 percentage points lower than for white pensioners (95%CI = −0.051, −0.042). Married Veterans receiving pension had a 4.4‐percentage point higher probability of receiving A&A (95%CI = 0.039, 0.048). Most indicators of need for assistance (eg, home health utilization, dementia, stroke) were associated with significantly higher probabilities of receiving A&A, with notable exceptions: pensioners with a diagnosis of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (marginal effect = −0.029 95%CI = −0.037, −0.021) or enrolled in Medicaid (marginal effect = −0.053, 95%CI = −0.057, −0.050) had lower probabilities of receiving A&A. Unadjusted and adjusted rates of receiving A&A among Veterans receiving pension varied by VA medical center.ConclusionsThis study identified potential inequities in receipt of the A&A enhanced pension among a sample of Veterans receiving pension. Increased Veteran outreach, provider education, and VA office coordination can potentially reduce inequities in access to this benefit.     

Gene delivery to glioma cells in rat brain by grafting of a retrovirus packaging cell line

Retrovirus vectors only integrate into the genome of dividing cells and can thus be used to selectively infect tumor cells in the adult rat brain. Gene delivery was assessed by using the retrovirus BAG vector, which bears the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the MoMLV LTR promoter-enhancer element, and by histochemical staining for bacterial beta-galactosidase activity. Direct injection of this vector (90-900 cfu) into the adult rat brain, with or without prior inoculation of C6 glioma cells (2 x 10(5) cells) resulted in labeling of only a few cells as assessed 1 week later. When the psi 2-BAG packaging line was grafted into the brain, labeled psi 2-BAG cells could be found after 1 day, but not after 5 days, following grafting, suggesting that the grafted cells had been rejected and that no endogenous cells had integrated released vector, or that expression of lacZ had been turned off. In contrast, when the psi 2-BAG packaging line was grafted into a brain region, which had been inoculated previously with rat C6 glioma cells (2 x 10(5) cells), beta-galactosidase labeling of these tumor cells, identified by immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100, could be demonstrated 10 days later. Thus, grafting of retrovirus packaging lines into adult brain provides a mean to infect tumor cells in situ. The grafted packaging cells may continue to release retrovirus particles for an extended period, thus infecting more cells at the stage of division appropriate for viral integration, as compared to inoculation of the virus alone. Grafting of retrovirus packaging cell lines could be used to selectively deliver "killer" or "suppressor" genes to tumor cells in the brain to curtail their growth.     

成年大鼠心肌细胞培养方法的建立和形态学观察

为探索稳定的成年大鼠心肌细胞的分离和培养方法 ,应用生物酶 ( 5g/L胰蛋白酶及 1 g/L胶原酶 )灌注法分离成年大鼠心肌细胞 ,用形态学及台盼蓝染色法鉴定分离的心肌细胞 ,并在光镜和电镜下观察和摄像记录。结果 :心肌细胞的存活率为 91 .7% ;存活的心肌细胞静止地贴在培养板底上 ,细胞完整 ,呈杆状 ,长宽比约为 4～ 6∶1。结果提示 :该方法是比较理想的心肌细胞培养法。     

维生素E和二甲亚砜对油酸型ARDS防治作用的研究

目的 研究氧化性肺损伤在成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）发病中的作用及维生素Ｅ和二甲亚砜的抗氧化保护作用。方法 将２８只大鼠随机分成４组：油酸组,ＶＥ组,ＤＭＳＯ组,正常对照组。油酸于尾静脉注入,维生素Ｅ和二甲亚砜由腹腔注射。注油酸后２ｈ观察肺系数,肺组织ＭＤＡ含量,ＰａＯ２及肺组织病理改变。结果 ＶＥ组和ＤＭＳＯ组较油酸组肺系数,ＭＤＡ含量降低,ＰａＯ２同,肺组织病理改变明显减轻。     

Crystal Structure of 2-Debenzoyl, 2-Acetoxy Paclitaxel (Taxol®): Conformation of the Paclitaxel Side-Chain

Crystals of the C2-acetate analog of paclitaxel, grown from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methanol, belong to the space group P2_l with a = 9.058(3), b = 18.306(5), c = 15.043(1) , = 97.09(1)°, Z = 2, V = 2475.1(9)³, D _calc = 1.269 gcm^–3 and µ = 0.75 cm^–1. The structure was determined by direct methods and refined to R(F) = 0.054 and wR(F) = 0.057 for 605 variables and 3496 observed reflections. The paclitaxel side chain possesses a conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structure of docetaxel (Taxotere^®). A three dimensional network of hydrogen bonds is formed through solvent molecules and stabilizes the crystal lattice.