极低出生体质量儿远期神经系统发育状况的研究

极低出生体质量儿(very low birth weight,VLBW)的出生率逐年增高,其存活率也随着NICU先进技术的发展日益上升,但VLBW的预后已成为社会关心的问题.近年来越来越多的研究证实,与足月儿相比,VLBW脑结构改变主要表现为脑容积、脑灰质容积和脑白质减少.因此,部分VLBW在儿童期出现了神经系统发育障...     

极低出生体重儿输血治疗及危险因素分析

目的 分析本院极低出生体重儿的输血状况及危险因素.方法 回顾性分析本院2011-2013年收治的胎龄＜37周、出生体重＜1500 g、住院时间≥7天的早产儿资料,按是否输血分为输血组及未输血组,记录并比较两组早产儿的一般情况、合并症、输血组早产儿输血前临床症状、输血前血红蛋白值(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct)以及输血时间等,Logistic回归分析极低出生体重儿输血的相关因素.结果 研究纳入的142例极低出生体重儿中需输悬浮红细胞51例,占35.9％,68例次;贫血症状主要有需氧疗、经皮氧饱和度不稳定、心率快、需机械通气、体重不增等.输血组出生体重、胎龄低于未输血组,出生窒息、出生需气管插管、CPAP支持、呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、肺炎、支气管肺发育不良发生率高于未输血组,住院天数长于未输血组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄(OR =0.400)和体重(OR=0.994)是极低出生体重儿输血的保护性因素,肺炎(OR=3.620)和RDS(OR =3.863)是极低出生体重儿输血的独立危险因素(P均＜0.05).结论 极低出生体重儿出生胎龄小、体重低、患RDS或肺炎时输血风险明显增加,对于贫血伴有临床缺氧症状的极低出生体重儿应输血治疗.     

Analysis of Differences in Preterm Birth Rates According to Household Occupation in Japan From 2007 to 2019

ObjectivesNo studies have examined the association between preterm birth rates and socioeconomic factors in Japan using nationwide statistical data. We analyzed the association between preterm birth rates and household occupation using Vital Statistics data.MethodsAggregated Vital Statistics data from Japan from 2007 to 2019 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. From the data, the number of births according to year, age group, gestational period, number of pregnancies, and household occupation were used in this study. Crude preterm birth rates and preterm birth rates adjusted by maternal age according to household occupation were calculated for each year. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between household occupation and preterm births.ResultsUnemployed households had the highest preterm birth rate, and households with an occupation classification of “full-time worker 2” (an employee at a large company, civil servant, or board member) had the lowest preterm birth rate throughout each period. Poisson regression analysis revealed that unemployed households were statistically significantly associated with a high preterm birth risk. In contrast, the preterm birth rate adjusted by maternal age remained stable throughout each period regardless of household occupation, and preterm birth rates were found not to have increased in recent years in Japan.ConclusionsUnemployed households had higher preterm birth rates than other household occupations. Further studies investigating the characteristics of unemployed households are needed to identify the reasons for this disparity.     

Birth outcomes of patients with isolated anorectal malformations: A population‐based case‐control study

In most patients affected by isolated anorectal malformation (IARM) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of our project was to analyze possible risk factors for IARM. In the first step, birth outcomes of cases with IARM were analyzed on the basis of maternal socio‐demographic variables, and these data are presented in this paper. Gestational age at delivery, birthweight, preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age of cases with IARM were evaluated in the function of maternal age, birth/pregnancy order, marital and employment status of mothers in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. The study samples included 231 live‐born cases with IARM, 361 matched and 38 151 population controls without any defect. IARMs are more frequent in males, twins and newborn infants with low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age, the latter being the consequence of intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, mothers of cases were younger but with higher birth order, and had lower socio‐economic status. These maternal variables are characteristic for the gypsy population in Hungary. The higher proportion of gypsy women among the mothers of cases with IARM was confirmed during the home visits of the study. Male sex and intrauterine growth restriction of cases, in addition to low socioeconomic status and gypsy origin of mothers may have a role in the risk of IARMs.     

2008—2012年1466例早产回顾性临床分析

目的：探讨不同孕周和不同类型早产的变化趋势,及其与早产相关因素、分娩方式、早产儿出生体质量、新生儿窒息的关系。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月—2012年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院住院分娩的早产病例1466例,对不同孕周早产（妊娠早、中、晚期早产）和不同类型早产（自发性早产、治疗性早产）的变化趋势、早产相关因素、分娩方式、早产儿出生体质量及新生儿窒息率进行统计分析。结果：①2008—2012年早产的年发生率呈逐年升高趋势（χ2=65.69,P＜0.001）,不同孕周早产发生率和不同类型早产发生率均呈升高趋势。②不同孕周自发性早产主要相关因素为胎膜早破、多胎妊娠、胎位异常、妊娠期糖尿病及不明原因等,不同孕周治疗性早产主要相关因素为妊娠期高血压疾病、胎盘因素、妊娠合并症、多胎妊娠、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症和胎儿窘迫等。③不同孕周早产的阴道分娩率和剖宫产率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,不同类型早产的阴道分娩率和剖宫产率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗性早产剖宫产率高于自发性早产（P＜0.05）。④不同孕周早产的新生儿体质量和新生儿窒息率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。妊娠早期早产的新生儿窒息率（53.01%）高于中期早产（33.46%）和晚期早产（28.61%）,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,中期早产与晚期早产的新生儿窒息率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：应及早识别早产潜在高危因素,加强围生期管理,以减少早产的发生,改善围生儿结局。     

Optimal timing and mode of delivery after cesarean with previous classical incision or myomectomy: a review of the data

Uterine rupture is an obstetrical emergency that can be catastrophic for the mother and fetus. Previous uterine surgery, including previous cesarean delivery or myomectomy, is an established risk factor, although the exact magnitude of the associated risk remains uncertain. We reviewed the literature related to uterine rupture after previous cesarean delivery with classical incision or myomectomy in an attempt to quantify outcomes associated with various management strategies. Although cesarean delivery with a classical incision is relatively uncommon (representing 0.3%-0.4% of deliveries), it presents a significant risk of rupture in subsequent pregnancies (1%-12% on the basis of published reports). Available data suggest that scheduled cesarean at 36-37 weeks optimizes both maternal and fetal outcomes in these cases. Patients with previous myomectomy are more frequently encountered in the obstetrical population. The risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies in these women is substantially lower than those with a history of previous classical incision (0.5%-0.7% on the basis of published reports). Although less common, given the potentially devastating consequences of uterine rupture, scheduled delivery at 38 weeks is suggested in those women requiring cesarean delivery. Despite the lack of well-controlled studies, preferred management strategies can be gleaned from previously published data to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes in women with these risk factors.     

The Effect of Intramural Myomas Without an Intracavity Component on In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes in Single Fresh Blastocyst Transfer Cycles

Study Objective

To assess clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) in the presence of non–cavity-deforming intramural myomas in single fresh blastocyst transfer cycles.