牙周疾病与围生结局的研究进展

牙周疾病作为一种亚临床和持续的感染源,可以造成系统性的炎症反应,增加不良妊娠结局。目前很多研究表明,牙周疾病的严重程度与胎儿早产、低出生体质量呈正相关,与死胎及围生儿死亡显著相关,牙周疾病的存在和严重程度显著增加了子痫前期和妊娠期糖尿病的发生风险,积极合理的治疗不会增加胎儿的不良结局,并可能在一定程度上改善母儿预后。     

发展性照顾护理模式对低出生体重儿生长发育和神经行为发育的影响

目的 探讨发展性照顾护理模式对低出生体重儿生长发育和神经行为发育的影响。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月我院收治的86例低出生体重儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组（n=43）和观察组（n=43）。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采用发展性照顾护理模式干预。比较两组的生长发育和神经行为发育情况。结果 出院时,观察组的身长、头围和体质量增长均显著优于对照组（P <0.05）。干预前,两组的MDI、 PDI评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;出院时,观察组的MDI、 PDI评分均显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 发展性照顾护理模式在低出生体重儿中应用效果显著,可有效促进低出生体重儿的生长发育和神经行为发育。     

126例极低及超低出生体重儿临床高危因素分析

目的探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBW)及超低出生体重儿(ELBWI)的围产期临床特点,旨在提高其治愈率及生存质量。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月126例极低及超低出生体重儿的母孕期情况及临床并发症。结果感染、胎膜早破、妊高征、多胎妊娠为发生VLBW和ELBWI主要因素,呼吸窘迫综合症、呼吸暂停、肺出血、颅内出血、感染、贫血、高胆红素血症、胆汁淤积、早产儿慢性肺疾病、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)为其常见并发症,其中呼吸窘迫综合症、肺出血、感染、颅内出血为其死亡的主要原因。体重越低,并发症发生率越多,死亡率越高。结论加强高危妊娠监测管理,预防早产,加强新生儿重症监护病房极低及超低出生体重儿的监护管理,及早发现、及早处理各种并发症,防止医院感染发生,是提高VLBW和ELBWI的存活率,改善生活质量的根本措施。     

预防性持续低剂量咖啡因治疗超低出生体质量儿呼吸暂停疗效观察

目的：观察预防性持续低剂量咖啡因在超低出生体质量儿呼吸暂停治疗中的临床疗效。方法将超低出生体质量儿208例随机分为试验组和对照组各104例。试验组患儿在出生后尚未发生呼吸暂停时给予持续低剂量咖啡因治疗,对照组患儿在发生呼吸暂停后才开始接受咖啡因治疗。比较并评价2组患儿治疗效果。结果试验组在患儿出生1周内呼吸暂停发生率和体质量增至2.0kg前呼吸暂停发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组反复发生呼吸暂停而使用呼吸机的百分率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论持续低剂量咖啡因用于预防超低出生体质量儿呼吸暂停,能够有效缓解患儿的病症。     

新生儿临床风险指数在早产低出生体重儿中的应用

新生儿临床风险指数（ clinical risk index for babies,CRIB ）是一种应用于早产低出生体重儿评估最初疾病严重程度,预测死亡风险率,评估各医疗机构的自身医疗质量,以及对各医疗机构之间进行客观医疗水平比较的评分系统,对我国日益发展的新生儿医学起着重要的作用。本文详细介绍了CRIB评分系统的来源及发展现状、具体评分细则以及CRIB的优点,对早产低出生体重儿死亡风险预测的准确性,并分析了其应用于预测早产低出生体重儿远期神经系统发育的价值。     

Twin pregnancies in Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan over four decades: natural twinning is on the increase

Objective

To assess trends in twinning over four decades using a population-based registry.

Design

Ecological study to conduct trend analysis of twin pregnancies in a geographically defined area over 40 years.

Setting

All pregnancies in the Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan area of South Wales from 1965 to 2004, as recorded in the Cardiff Birth Survey (CBS) database.

Methods

Trends of the incidence of all twin pregnancies (≥18 weeks of gestation) were calculated in 5-year increments, beginning with 1965–1969 and ending in 2000–2004. Natural twinning rates could only be calculated for the terminal five time periods (i.e., 1980–1984, 1985–1989, 1990–1994, 1995–1999, and 2000–2004), when information regarding non-spontaneous (iatrogenic) twinning was first collected in the database. All results were adjusted for maternal age.

Results

The total twinning rate was 13.1 per 1000 pregnancies in the 1st time period (1965–1969). Subsequently, there was a gradual reduction in twinning, reaching a nadir of 10.3 per 1000 for the time period 1980–1985 (Z = 3.15, P value < 0.001). This was followed by a gradual increase in twinning, reaching a maximum of 15.7 per 1000 for both 1995–1999 and 2000–2004 (Z = −5.18, P value < 0.0001). After exclusion of the cases of iatrogenic pregnancies, the natural twinning rate showed a continuous and gradual increase from 10 per 1000 spontaneous pregnancies in 1980–1984 to 13.3 per 1000 in 2000–2004 (Z = −5.08, P value < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The data showed a gradual, continuous increase in natural twinning rates over the last two decades. Such an increase cannot be attributed to the rise in maternal age alone.     

Predictors of women's perceptions of the childbirth experience

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that predict women's perceptions of the childbirth experience and to examine whether these vary with the type of birth a woman experiences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The postpartum units of two eastern Canadian hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred fifty two women and their newborns. DATA COLLECTION: Data were collected in hospital at 12 to 48 hours postpartum using self-report questionnaires and chart review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perception of the childbirth experience was measured for women having a vaginal and emergency cesarean birth using the Questionnaire Measuring Attitudes About Labor and Delivery and planned cesarean birth using the Modified Questionnaire Measuring Attitudes About Labor and Delivery. RESULTS: Of the 20 predictors of women's childbirth perceptions, the strongest were type of birth; degree of awareness, relaxation, and control; helpfulness of partner support; and being together with the infant following birth. CONCLUSIONS: Of the predictors of a quality birth experience, most were amenable to nursing interventions: enhancement of patient awareness, relaxation, and control; promotion of partner support; and provision of immediate opportunities for women to be with their babies.