静磁场对人牙龈成纤维细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的:研究不同磁路设计的磁性附着体所产生静磁场对人牙龈成纤维细胞酶学的相关作用.方法:使用自主设计的磁场加载系统,产生不同强度的静磁场,对体外培养的人牙龈成纤维细胞进行不同时间的磁场加载.通过与对照组的比较,探讨磁场对该类细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响.结果:改变加载强度(120 mT、10 mT、0mT)或加载时间(1、3、5个加载周期),静磁场对人牙龈成纤维细胞碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著性影响(P＞0.05).结论:静磁场对牙龈成纤维细胞碱性磷酸酶活性没有影响,初步提示开放及闭合磁路系统磁性附着体所产生静磁场,对牙龈成纤维细胞的相关酶不存在生物学效应.     

SCI收录生物安全相关论文的文献计量学分析

利用《科学引文索引（扩展版）》（SCI Expanded）数据库检索并统计了2003—2008年生物安全相关的论文,对其年度论文数量的变化、国家或地区分布、主要研究机构、主要期刊等进行了分析研究,以期为我国生物安全相关研究工作提供参考。     

Diseases of livestock in the Pacific Islands region: Setting priorities for food animal biosecurity

Most Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) have developing economies and face a critical shortage of veterinarians with limited financial resources allocated to their animal disease surveillance programmes. Thus, animal health authorities have to set priorities for better focusing their scarce resources. The main objective of this study was to identify animal diseases perceived to be of importance by decision makers within selected PICTs, at the regional and national levels, to ensure better targeting of animal health resources. A second objective was to investigate whether the targeted surveillance programmes resulting from this rationalized approach would also benefit the local communities engaged in livestock production. A multi-criteria prioritization process was developed, involving local experts, to score and rank 132 animal diseases based on their priority at the regional and national levels for four PICTs: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, which form part of a regional Food Animal Biosecurity Network. In parallel interviews with farmers and field animal health and production workers were conducted to assess their perception of animal diseases. The list of the top-twenty ranked diseases for the Pacific Islands region shows a mix of endemic zoonotic diseases (such as leptospirosis ranked first; brucellosis third; tuberculosis sixth; and endoparasites and ectoparasites, respectively eleventh and thirteenth) with exotic diseases (such as HPAI ranked second, FMD fifth, and rabies ninth). There were different disease ranking lists for each of the four targeted PICTs, confirming different strategies of disease prevention and control may be required for each country, rather than a regional approach. Interviewed animal health and production workers were unfamiliar with most of the prioritized diseases and a majority acknowledged that they would not be able to recognize clinical signs if outbreaks were to occur in their area. Leptospirosis, which is endemic and identified as the top priority disease at the regional level, was never mentioned by any interviewed farmer. Farmers did not name any emerging infectious diseases as priorities. Instead, they identified endemic diseases (parasites, flu, coccidiosis, and scabies) as the most important. While animal disease priorities appear to differ widely between the targeted regions and countries, it also varies significantly between experts and farmers. Better targeted surveillance programmes may thus result in more rational and transparent allocation of resources, and thus enhanced food security, but may not directly match the needs of the local communities.     

Risk of exotic pests to the Australian forest industry

The forest, wood and paper products industry is a significant contributor to the Australian economy, ranking as the eighth largest manufacturing sector, with gross value of sales in 2015–2016 in excess of $23 billion, and an industry value-add of $9 billion. As with other agricultural industries, forest, wood and paper production is under constant risk of introduction of exotic pests and diseases that could impact negatively on industry productivity. We review trade and interception data over a 15-year period to determine how the risk of exotic pests and diseases arriving and establishing in Australia has changed over time. Trade data show that the rapid increase in world trade, that is thought to be the major driver of increased interceptions worldwide, has also occurred for Australia. Analysis of Australian interception data for forest pests from 2004 to 2015 showed a general trend in increased numbers of interceptions over time of total pests, including high-priority pests, with a rapid increase in numbers of interceptions since 2010. A high proportion of interceptions were of species listed in the Plantation Forest Biosecurity Plan high-priority pest list, with nine of the 13 listed high-priority insect pests intercepted between 2004 and 2015. A high proportion of all forest pest interceptions had Pinus spp. as recorded hosts. Interceptions of beetles in the family Cerambycidae formed both the major proportion of interceptions and were the group showing the sharpest increase in interceptions since 2010. This raises questions on the effectiveness of International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measure 15 (ISPM 15), which was designed to regulate the wood packaging material pathway, a major source of entry for this important group of forest pests.     

症状监测在外军生物恐怖早期预警中的应用及启示

以非特异的症候群和(或)其他相关指示数据为基础的症状监测,能够对潜在生物恐怖袭击进行近乎实时的监测预警.本文在简介生物恐怖相关疾病症状监测系统特点的基础上,简要介绍美国、法国、加拿大和新加坡等外军医疗卫生系统应用的症状监测系统,讨论症状监测用于生物恐怖早期预警的发展趋势,以及对我国生物恐怖防御的启示.     

美军症状监测系统ESSENCE典型案例分析及借鉴

症状监测是以非特异性症候群和（或）其他相关指示数据为基础,能够对潜在生物恐怖袭击进行接近实时的监测预警。以美国为代表的发达国家已在症状监测领域开展了深入研究,而我国尚处于探索尝试阶段,我军也亟需进行症状监测实践。该文对美军症状监测系统ESSENSE的发展背景、发展历程、系统特点、监管要求等方面进行了典型案例分析,并对我军开展症状监测研究与实践提出了借鉴。     

个体自适应行为对结构化人群中传染病传播动力学的影晌

人的个体行为对传染病在人群中的传播动态具有重要影响。,研究和确定个体自适应行为与疫情发展态势之间的关系,是制定科学的信息发布和心理疏导机制从而做到有效防控疫情、避免社会恐慌的主要基础。该文旨在研究面对传染病大规模传播时,个体自适应行为的触发机制及其对传染病传播动力学的影响。通过分析SARS以来几次大规模突发传染病疫情下个体行为实证数据,确认了两种主要的信息源即公共信息和局部信息对个体自适应行为的诱导作用,并采用健康信念模型描述个体自适应行为的演化机制,采用复杂网络模型分析了自适应行为改变对疫情发展动态的影响。突发新发传染病疫情下的实时公共信息和局部信息诱导个体做出自适应的规避行为,从而降低了感染疾病的概率,有效地抑制了疫情的发展。个体自适应行为对传染病传播动力学具有重要的影响,有效的信息发布机制将诱导个体自适应行为的产生,进而对疫情防控产生积极效果,并可避免社会恐慌的产生．．