蛋白指纹图谱技术在骨肉瘤临床诊断中的初步应用

目的 比较骨肉瘤患者和正常对照者血清蛋白表达谱的差异,筛选骨肉瘤相关血清蛋白标志物,并建立基于决策树的预测模型,为筛选和建立骨肉瘤临床诊断的血清学指标提供依据.方法 27例骨肉瘤患者血清(男17例,女10例)及47名相匹配者正常对照血清标本随机分为两组:60份(23例骨肉瘤,37名正常对照)为建模组,14份(4例骨肉瘤,10名正常对照)为盲法筛选组.利用表面增强激光解吸离子化-飞行时间-质谱(surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of fight mass spectrometry,SELDI-TOF-MS)技术进行蛋白质谱分析.采用蛋白质飞行质谱仪对结合在CM10芯片上的血清蛋白进行读取分析.通过Biomarker Wizard软件比较两组人群血清蛋白质谱的差异,经生物信息学分析得到决策树模型并进行盲法验证.结果 在质荷比(M/Z)1488.15～19842u范围内,共检测到96个有效蛋白峰,其中9个峰差异有统计学意义.利用三倍交叉证实方法对建模组的蛋白质谱数据进行1000次随机抽样,得到1000个决策树.根据交叉证实的正确率选出最佳的20个决策树模型作为最终预测模型.用其对14个盲法筛选样本进行归类预测的正确率为85.71%.结论 应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术可筛选出骨肉瘤相关血清蛋白标志;建立的决策树模型可以对骨肉瘤作出较为准确的预测判断.     

Predictors of a favourable response to icodextrin in peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Icodextrin is a starch-derived glucose polymer that causes sustained ultrafiltration in long dwells in peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to assess factors that were predictive of an increment in ultrafiltration following the introduction of icodextrin in patients with refractory fluid overload. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients (20 male/19 female, mean age 57.7 +/- 2.4 years) on peritoneal dialysis were enrolled in a prospective pretest/post-test, open-label study. All patients had symptomatic fluid overload refractory to fluid restriction (<800 mL/day), frusemide doses of 250 mg or more daily, optimization of dwell time and use of hypertonic dextrose. An icodextrin exchange was substituted for a 4.25% dextrose exchange for the long-dwell period. RESULTS: After 1 month, median (interquartile range) 24 h ultrafiltration volume increased by 500 mL (interquartile range: 50-1000). An increase in ultrafiltration volume correlated positively with the dialyate : plasma creatinine ratio at 4 h (r = 0.498, P = 0.001) and negatively with the ratio of dialysate glucose concentrations at 4 and 0 h (r = -0.464, P = 0.003). On multivariate regression analysis, high transporter status was predictive of a greater ultrafiltration response to icodextrin relative to dextrose peritoneal dialysis exchanges. Age, sex, race, peritoneal dialysis duration, peritoneal dialysis modality, diabetes mellitus, baseline albumin, and baseline ultrafiltration volume were not significantly correlated with the change in ultrafiltration volume. CONCLUSION: Icodextrin significantly augments ultrafiltration volumes in patients with refractory fluid overload. A high peritoneal membrane transporter status is the best predictor of a favourable ultrafiltration response to icodextrin.     

肺癌肿瘤干细胞的分选及生物学特性

目的探讨肺癌肿瘤干细胞分选及生物学特性的研究方法。方法采用免疫磁珠分选经盐酸阿霉素(ADM)诱导的人肺腺癌SPC-A-1(SPC-A-1/ADM)细胞系中的ABCG2⁺和ABCG2^-细胞,流式细胞术和裸鼠体内移植针对ABCG2⁺和ABCG2^-细胞体内的成瘤率进行测定分析。结果 SPC-A-1细胞中的荧光强度平均为(1.001±0.014)×10²,明显低于SPC-A-1/ADM细胞的(10.257±0.023)×10²(t=17.320,P=0.001)。SPC-A-1细胞ABCG2/BCRP-FITC处理组与SPC-A-1细胞对照组(t=5.269,P=0.021)和SPC-A-1细胞同型对照组(t=6.869,P=0.012)间差异有统计学意义;SPC-A-1/ADM细胞对照组与SPC-A-1/ADM细胞同型对照组间差异有统计学意义(t=8.112,P=0.015)。SPC-A-1/ADM细胞ABCG2/BCRP-FITC处理组阳性率为9.8%,是SP...     

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情期生物样本保藏生物安全防护原则及建议

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是乙类传染病。随着COVID-19疫情蔓延,生物样本库样本保藏的生物安全风险增加,其生物安全防护显得越来越重要。根据国家有关规定和中华医学会相关指南,本文基于SARS-CoV-2病原学和COVID-19流行病学资料,提出了生物样本采集、转运、处理、保藏、检测、检测后处置、突发事件等过程中个人和生物样本保藏场所的生物安全防护原则及若干建议。强调依据有无病毒载量信息、传染力大小、标本类型（可能接触传播、气溶胶传播、粪口途径传播）对样本进行严格的生物安全风险评估,以指导疫情期间生物样本保藏、确保生物样本库生物安全。     

内蒙两种源甘草种子生物学特性及播种苗生长状况的研究

目的研究种源对甘草种子生物学特性及播种苗生长的影响,揭示种源在中药材规范化生产实践应用中的重要作用。方法采用常规方法测定不同来源甘草种子的千粒质量、含水量、种皮透性、发芽率、发芽势,播种后测定幼苗和一年生苗的生长指标。结果上海庙种源种子的千粒质量大于巴音乌素种源,上海庙种源和巴音乌素种源种子的单粒质量分别为12.3和11.7mg。巴音乌素种源种子种皮的透水性较上海庙种源强,电导率测定值是上海庙种源的2倍。上海庙种源种子的硬实率较高,种子耐贮藏性和种子活力较强。巴音乌素种源未处理种子的发芽率和发芽势高于上海庙种源,但处理后的种子发芽率和发芽势均低于上海庙种源。两种源未处理和处理过的种子均以小粒种子的发芽率和发芽势最高。两种源幼苗生长指标之间的差异达到了显著和极显著水平。上海庙种源一年生播种苗的多数生长指标略高于巴音乌素种源,但两种源之间的差异未达到显著水平。结论种源对甘草种子的物理特性、种皮的透性、种子的发芽特性有一定的影响;种源和种子大小对甘草幼苗的生长有极显著的影响,但对一年生播种苗的生长量及生物量均未产生显著影响。     

次声在生物医学中的研究及应用

次声广泛存在于人类生存的环境中，它具有穿透力强、衰减小等显著特点，并能通过共振机理对人体神经系统、内脏器官等产生一定的生物学效应。恰当的利用次声的特性，可以转害为利，让次声在生物医学领域得到广泛的应用，为人类的健康做出贡献。     

基于CXCL12/CXCR4生物轴探讨清心饮抑制CVB3感染后CMVECs发生EndMT的作用

[目的] 探讨趋化因子12(chemokine 12,CXCL12)/趋化因子受体4(chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)生物轴在清心饮含药血清抑制柯萨奇B3病毒(Coxsackie virus B3,CVB3)感染后心脏微血管内皮细胞(cardiac microvascular endothelial cells,CMVECs)发生内皮间充质转分化(endothelial-mesenchymal transition,EndMT)过程中的作用。[方法] 取生长状态良好的CMVECs设计为正常对照组、模型组、CXCR4拮抗剂组、清心饮组和清心饮+CXCR4拮抗剂组。除正常对照组用含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的杜尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基(Dulbecco‘s modification of Eaglews medium,DMEM)培养外,其余各组CMVECs先用CVB3培养基感染2 h,后弃去CVB3培养基,改为普通培养。通过细胞计数试剂(cell counting kit-8,CCK8)检测各组细胞活力,免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)、免疫印迹和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Real-time qPCR)等实验方法检测内皮细胞标志物血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1,PECAM-1/CD31)、间充质细胞标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、CXCL12和CXCR4的蛋白及基因表达。[结果] 与正常对照组比较,模型组CD31表达下降(P＜0.01),α-SMA、CXCL12和CXCR4表达增强(P＜0.01)。与模型组比较,CXCR4拮抗剂组、清心饮组CD31表达增强(P＜0.01),α-SMA和CXCR4表达下降(P＜0.01),CXCR4拮抗剂组CXCL12表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),清心饮组CXCL12表达下降(P＜0.05)。与清心饮组比较,清心饮+CXCR4拮抗剂组CD31的表达增强(P＜0.05),α-SMA、CXCL12和CXCR4表达下降(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)。[结论] CXCL12/CXCR4生物轴参与了CVB3感染后CMVECs发生EndMT的过程,拮抗CXCL12/CXCR4生物轴能够明显增强清心饮对该过程的抑制。     

诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤最佳标志群的研究

目的研究22种肿瘤标志(TM)对诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤(OMN)的价值,选择最佳诊断标志群.方法用高压液相色谱法、自动生化仪检测法、酶联免疫法检测.结果单项TM的敏感性≥60%者分别为腐胺(100%)、精脒(84%)、CA125(80%)、唾液酸(SA)(70.4%)、铁蛋白(61.2%)、肿瘤特异生长因子(TS-GF)(60.9%)和CA153(60%).有效率≥80%者分别是TSGF(88.6%)、精胺(86.6%)、精脒(83.8%)、CA153(81.2%)、SA(81.1%)、腐胺(81.0%)和CA125(80%).最佳标志群为CA125、TSGF和SA.结论CA125是诊断OMN最敏感的TM,其次是SA、铁蛋白和TSGF.TM联合测定能提高诊断的有效性,其中以CA125、TSGF和SA联合测定效果较好.     

Monitoring of biological responses of tumor cells after irradiation with99mTc-MIBI — Anin vitro study

Summary To explore the possibility to employ^99mTc-MIBI to monitor biological response of tumor cells after irradiation and to observe the relation between the radiation doses and the uptake levels of^99mTc-MIBI in tumor cells, the cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy respectively. The uptake of^99mTc-MIBI in each dosage group was determined before and 24, 48, 72 h after irradiation respectively. Apoptosis index (AI), plating efficiency (PE) of tumor cells was simultaneously determined. There was a positive correlation between uptake levels of^99mc-MIBI and AI(r = −0.91,P< 0.05). A negative correlation was noted between the uptake levels and PE (r = −0.86,P< 0.05). It is suggested that^99mTc-MIBI may be used as a tracer to monitor the change of viability state of tumor cells after being irradiated with different doses.     

残余脑血流的血流动力学模型研究

目的:定量研究血管闭塞发生后缺血脑组织残余血流变化和多种血流动力学变量间的关系.方法:应用血流动力学的相关原理,依据脑血流自动调节机制,在理论上建立影响残余血流的数学模型.结果:脑血管闭塞发生后的残余血流量与平均动脉压、颅内压、血液粘度、血管狭窄段的长度等多种因素有关,其中残余血流通道的平均半径是一个最重要的变量.结论:所建残余脑血流的模型较为准确,是新的一种研究脑血管系统的有效方法.