Carcinoma of the cystic duct protruding into the common bile duct: Report of a case

We report herein the case of 65-year-old man in whom a diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the cystic duct was made on the basis of Farrar's criteria. The patient was admitted with upper abdominal pain, and although there was no evidence of jaundice or a palpable mass, there was tenderness in his right upper quadrant. Carcinoma of the cystic duct was suspected on the basis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Cholecystectomy with resection of the bile duct and lymph node resection was performed, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography revealed a filling defect in the common bile duct (CBD). The tumor was found to have arisen from the cystic duct and demonstrated papillary growth into the CBD intraluminally through the orifice of the cystic duct. Microscopically, the tumor was identified as papillary adenocarcinoma with invasion limited to the subserosal layer of the cystic duct. There were no signs of nodal metastasis.     

Idiopathic benign biliary stricture

A rare case of idiopathic benign biliary stricture is reported. A 50-year-old man with liver dysfunction underwent ultrasonography, which revealed dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which revealed a short, ring-like stenosis at the junction of the left and right hepatic ducts. Although a benign stricture was suspected, radiologic tests alone were insufficient to make a firm diagnosis. Therefore, a cholecystectomy and resection of the extrahepatic biliary tract were performed. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen demonstrated no evidence of malignancy. The final diagnosis was mild, localized, chronic cholangitis. The patient had not had previous biliary tract surgery, choledocholithiasis, nor did he have a congenital abnormality of the biliary tract, bile duct carcinoma, or pancreatic disease. Since there was no evidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, the stricture was considered to be idiopathic. Received for publication on May 30, 1997; accepted on April 13, 1998     

Intracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ISWL) in Bile Ducts under Peroral Endoscopy: Progress and Current Status

Attempting to use ISWL (intracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) for treating large and difficult biliary stones was started in the mid 1970s, approximately 10 years before the introduction of ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy). However, in contrast to ESWL, ISWL did not quickly become popular in practise. The main reason for this delayed recognition, undoubtedly, lay in the technical difficulties of the peroral applications until the mid 1980s, when the development of an improved cholangios-cope system and a thin, flexible probe allowed the use of EHL (electrohydraulic lithotripsy) under direct vision during peroral cholangioscopy. Thanks to recent advances in technology, a powerful pulsed laser has begun to be used for ISWL through a 0.2 mm sized quartz fiber. A laser version of ISWL with such a thin probe is expected to facilitate its use by minimizing the endoscope system. The automatic stone-tissue recognition system which interrupts the laser discharge in case of wall contact is another useful advance in technology which increases the safety and therapeutic efficacy. Whereas laser techniques are still in development, ISWL with a laser will be the first choice technique for treating difficult bile duct stones after failure of mechanical lithotripsy and it also promises to improve its therapeutic efficacy for intrahepatic stones in combination with ESWL. In this article, the recent progresses and results of ISWL treatment were reviewed with a respect to the success of ESWL.     

Follow-up of 161 unselected consecutive patients treated laparoscopically for common bile duct stones

Background: Aim was to study the incidence of recurrent ductal stones and of biliary strictures at follow-up after laparoscopic treatment of gallstones and common bile duct stones and to update the short-term results. Methods: Ductal stones were proven in 161 patients of 1,975 (8.1%) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic transcystic CBD exploration was the method of choice. If this was unsuccessful, laparoscopic choledochotomy was performed. After treatment, all patients were enrolled in a continued, ongoing follow-up study. Results: Laparoscopic CBD exploration was completed in 157 cases (transcystic 107, choledochotomy 50). Retained stones occurred in eight patients (5%) and major complications (cystic duct leakage, hemoperitoneum) in six (3.8%); mortality occurred in one high-risk patient (0.6%). Follow-up available in 154 patients (two unrelated deaths) for a period of up to 62 months showed the occurrence of recurrent ductal stones in five cases (3.2%) and no signs of bile stasis, suggestive of ductal stricture, on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Conclusions: This prospective, ongoing follow-up study demonstrates that laparoscopic treatment of gallstones and common bile duct stones in unselected patients is feasible and safe. Received: 21 May 1996/Accepted: 10 March 1997     

改良内镜乳头括约肌切开治疗乳头狭窄临床研究

为评价内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)对乳头狭窄的临床疗效。以54例乳头狭窄病人为研究对象,随机分为二组,施行改良EST(内镜乳头括约肌梭形切开)和常规EST,行2年内的临床追踪观察。结果显示改良组乳头形态呈锁孔状,对照组为挛缩裂隙状;改良组临床症状复发7.4％,对照组为33.3％,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05);二组近期并发症无显著性差异(P>0.05);提示内镜乳头括约肌梭形切开治疗乳头狭窄疗效可靠,且简单方便。     

胆漏的原因及治疗--附43例报告

目的　探讨胆漏的原因及治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 1992年 7月 - 2 0 0 2年 7月我科收治的 4 3例患者发生胆漏的原因及治疗。结果　导致胆漏发生的手术单纯胆囊切除术 33例 (1例为腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ) ,胆总管切开T管引流术 7例 ,胆肠吻合术 3例。全组首选非手术治疗 38例 ,33例治愈 ,4例中转手术 ,1例死亡 ,非手术治愈率 86 .8% (33/38)。 5例首选急诊手术均治愈。全组总治愈率为 97.7% (42 /43)。结论　胆漏多发生于胆囊切除和T管拔除后 ,与炎症、粘连重等因素有关。治疗方法应当根据发病情况决定 ,大部分患者通过非手术治疗可获得较好效果。     

胆囊结石并胆总管结石三种手术治疗的对比研究

目的 评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆总管探查取石术(LC+LCBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开联用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(EST+LC)、剖腹胆囊切除术、胆总管探查引流术(OC+ECBD)3种治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 胆囊结石合并胆总管结石289例分别采用OC+ECBD(O组)、LC+LCBDE(L组)和EST+LC(E组)治疗,其中O组132例、L组36例、E组121例,比较3组的手术总时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、并发症发生率、住院天数等.结果 3种术式的结石残留率、胆漏发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);O组手术总时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间均明显长于L、E组(P<0.01).结论 3种术式各有其适应证和优缺点.胆囊结石合并胆总管结石、单纯胆总管结石,无明显胆管感染或急性胰腺炎者适合选择LC+LCBDE.     

Permanent stenting in “unextractable” common bile duct stones in high risk patients. A prospective randomized study comparing two different stents

Background  Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and stone extraction is the treatment of choice for bile duct stones. Therefore, if ES and conventional stone extraction fail, further treatment is mandatory. Insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis is an effective option. Materials and methods  We treated 30 high-risk patients (17 women and 13 men, mean age 82 years) affected by difficult common bile duct stones. The patients were randomly assigned preoperatively using closed envelopes (blind randomization) into two groups to receive insertion of polyethylene or hydrophilic hydromer-coated polyurethane stent, respectively. Follow-up was achieved by contacting referring physicians and patient’s relatives. Results  Biliary drainage was established in all patients. Early minor complications occurred in 28%. In all these patients, the stent was a definitive measure. Median follow-up was 38 months. Late complications occurred in 34%. Cholangitis was the most frequent. During follow up, 11 patients died, two as result of a biliary-related cause. No statistically significant difference was observed on different stents patency. Conclusion  Endoprosthesis insertion as a permanent therapy is an effective alternative to surgery or dissolution therapy. Therefore, biliary stenting should preferably be restricted to high-risk patients unfit for operative treatment and with a short life expectancy.     

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病人男，54岁。因腹胀1个月、扪及腹部肿块15d于2007年3月入院。病人1个月前无明显诱因下出现腹胀，以进食后明显。因无明显不适未予治疗。后因腹胀进行性加剧。并于15d前无意间触及腹部有一肿块，就诊我院。     

经皮经肝胆管引流术注药溶石联合体外冲击波碎石术治疗肝外胆管结石32例报告

目的探讨碎石、溶石联合治疗肝外胆管结石的疗效。方法对３２例肝外胆管结石行经皮经肝胆管引流术，碎石、溶石和冲洗治疗，直至结石消失。结果本组结石３２例全部消失。其中１次碎石３０例，２次碎石２例。注射辛酸甘油酯溶石，其中用药１次１９例，２次７例，３次６例。结论经皮经肝胆管引流术（ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｈｅｐａｔｉｃｃｈｏｌａｎｇｉａｌｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ，ＰＴＣＤ）注药溶石联合体外冲击波碎石术（ｅｘｔｒａｃｏｒｐｏｒｅａｌｓｈｏｃｋｗａｖｅｌｉｔｈｏｔｒｉｐｓｙ，ＥＳＷＬ）治疗肝外胆管结石安全有效，适用于年老体弱、不能耐受手术者。