儿童非重型再生障碍性贫血中医证候分布研究

目的 探索儿童非重型再生障碍性贫血（NSAA）的中医证候分布规律,为临床辨证治疗提供参考。方法 收集2019年1月—2021年12月期间确诊的NSAA患儿,制定证素调查问卷并进行临床信息采集,采用因子分析、聚类分析的方法,探索NSAA患儿中医证候分布规律。结果 共纳入NSAA患儿368例,收集频率>15%的中医证候共54个。因子分析获得公因子16个,NSAA患儿主要病位证素分布在脾、肾、肝,主要病性证素为气虚、血虚、阴虚、阳虚、痰湿。对16个公因子进一步进行聚类分析,最终归纳为5个中医证型,分别为脾气亏虚证、气血两虚证、肾阴虚证、肾阳虚证、肾阴阳两虚证。结论 儿童NSAA病位主要在脾、肾、肝,中医主要证型为脾气亏虚证、气血两虚证、肾阴虚证、肾阳虚证和肾阴阳两虚证。     

重型再生障碍性贫血患者外周血自然杀伤细胞亚群百分比及功能变化

目的 分析重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)患者免疫抑制治疗(IST)前、后外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞亚群占淋巴细胞百分比、功能变化及其与造血功能相关性,探讨NK细胞在SAA发病机制中的作用.方法 用流式细胞术检测2010年4月至2010年12月天津医科大学总医院收治的12例初治(初治组)、30例IST后恢复(恢复组)的SAA患者的外周血NK细胞(CD3-CD56+/CD16+)及其亚群[CD3-CD56brightCD16-(CD56bright)、CD3-CD56dimCD16+(CD56dim)、CD3-CD56-CD16+]占淋巴细胞百分比、活化性受体(NKG2D和NKp46)、穿孔素、颗粒酶β表达,并与13名健康对照(对照组)比较;分析上述变化与外周血中性粒细胞比例(ANC%)、淋巴细胞比例、网织红细胞计数及骨髓造血功能(增生程度、粒系百分比、红系百分比、巨核细胞数量、淋系百分比)的相关性.结果 (1)初治组NK细胞、CD56bright细胞百分比(10.30%±6.08%、0.11%)均显著低于恢复组(16.47%±8.29%、0.68%,P＜0.05)和对照组(19.45%±6.88%、0.53%,均P＜0.05);初治组CD56dim细胞百分比(9.62%±6.04%)明显低于对照组(18.21%±7.16%,P＜0.05);恢复组CD3-CD56-CD16+细胞百分比(0.79%)显著高于初治组及对照组(0.37%、0.41%,均P＜0.05).(2)初治组与恢复组NK细胞NKp46、穿孔素表达[初治组(88.23%、64.97%±21.61%),恢复组(82.97%、66.14%±20.73%)]显著高于对照组(40.99%、42.11%±27.25%,均P＜0.05).(3)NK、CD56bright及CD3-CD56-CD16+细胞的百分比与SAA患者ANC%呈正相关(r分别为0.423、0.609、0.468,均P＜0.05),与骨髓粒系百分比呈正相关(r分别为0.357、0.517、0.434,均P＜0.05);NK、CD56bright、CD56dim和CD3-CD56-CD16+细胞的百分比与SAA患者骨髓增生程度呈正相关(r分别为0.455、0.412、0.404、0.451,均P＜0.05),与骨髓淋系百分比呈负相关(r分别为-0.522、-0.435、-0.411、-0.547,均P＜0.05);NK细胞NKG2D、NKp46、穿孔素、颗粒酶β表达与各造血指标无相关性(均P＞0.05).结论 SAA患者外周血NK细胞、CD56bright、CD56dim亚群占淋巴细胞百分比降低及穿孔素途径增强可能引起免疫耐受被破坏、T细胞功能亢进而导致造血功能衰竭.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the percentage and functional changes of natural killer(NK)cell subsets in peripheral blood of severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients before and after immunosuppressive therapy(IST)so as to evaluate the relationships between these changes and hematopoietic functions and explore the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of SAA.Methods By flow cytometry,the percentages of NK cells(CD3-CD56+/CD16+)and its subsets[CD3-CD56brightCD16-(CD56bright),CD3-CD56dimCD16+(CD56dim),CD3-CD56-CD16+]in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected in 12 untreated patients,30 recovered patients and 13 normal controls respectively from April 2010 to December 2010 in our hospital.NK cells activating receptors(NKG2D and NKp46),pofforin and granzyme-β of patients and normal controls were also detected.The correlation between these changes and hematopoietic functions,including the percentages of neutrophil granulocyte(ANC%),lymphocyte and reticulocyte absolute value in peripheral blood,and hyperplasia degree,percentage of granulocytes,erythrocytes,lymphocytes and megakaryocytes absolute value in bone marrow were evaluated.Results (1)The percentages of NK cells (10.30% ± 6.08%)and CD56 bright cells(0.11%)in untreated patients were significantly lower than those of recovered patients(16.47% ± 8.29%,0.68%,both P ＜0.05)or normal controls(19.45% ±6.88%,0.53%,both P ＜0.05).The percentage of CD56dim cells in untreated patients was significantly lower than that of normal controls(9.62% ±6.04% vs 18.21% ±7.16%,P ＜0.05).The percentage of CD3 CD56 CD16 + cells was significantly higher in recovered patients than that of untreated patients or normal controls(0.79% vs 0.37%,0.41%,both P＜0.05).(2)The expression of NKp46 and pefforin of NK cells in untreated(88.23%,64.97% ± 21.61%)and recovered patients(82.97%,66.14% ±20.73%)were significantly higher than those of healthy controls(40.99%,42.11% ±27.25%,all P ＜0.05).(3)The percentage of NK CD56bright and CD3-CD56-CD16+ cells of patients was positively correlated with ANC%(r=0.423,0.609,0.468 respectively,all P＜0.05)and the percentage of granulocytes in bone marrow(r=0.357,0.517,0.434 respectively,all P＜0.05).The percentages of NK,CD56bight,CD56dim and CD3-CD56-CD16+ cells were positively correlated with the hyperplasic degree of bone marrow(r=0.455,0.412,0.404,0.451 respectively,all P＜0.05),but they were negatively correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes in bone marrow(r =-0.522,-0.435,-0.411,-0.547 respectively,all P ＜0.05).The expression of NKG2D,NKp46,pefforin and granzyme-β of NK cells had no correlation with hematopoiesis(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The lowered percentage of NK CD56bright,CD56dim cells and a higher expression of pefforin may cause the over-function of T lymphocytes and thus lead to hematopoietic failure in SAA.     

儿童再生障碍性贫血的分型研究

目的探讨儿童再生障碍性贫血(再障)的分型标准。方法对已经确诊的61例儿童急性再障和45例儿童慢性再障病例进行回顾性分析。结果急性再障患儿有如下特点外周血呈全血细胞减少,淋巴细胞比例明显增高;髂骨及胸骨骨髓呈多部位增生不良,造血细胞明显减少,非造血细胞明显增多,巨核细胞明显减少,小粒细胞面积＜50％,细胞成分以非造血细胞为主;增生活跃患儿的骨髓中,非造血细胞比例明显增多,巨核细胞明显减少。慢性再障患儿的特点是外周血呈血小板减少和(或)白细胞减少和(或)贫血的血象,淋巴细胞比例增高;髂骨骨髓以增生活跃为主,但粒细胞系比例减低,红细胞系比例可正常,非造血细胞比例增高,巨核细胞减少,小粒细胞面积＜50％,细胞成分以非造血细胞为主。结论儿童急性再障的表现与Camitta提出的重型再障的诊断标准相似,而儿童慢性再障的表现与Camitta提出的轻型再障不同,根据本文结果提出儿童再障的分型标准及胸骨骨髓在诊断急、慢性再障中的意义。     

误诊为特发性血小板减少性紫癜的儿童再生障碍性贫血临床分析

目的通过对误诊为特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的再生障碍性贫血(再障)患儿临床特点和误诊原因的分析,提高临床医师对儿童再障的认识,减少早期误诊。方法收集我院1992年1月-2010年8月收治的曾误诊为ITP、入院后确诊为再障的20例患儿的临床资料,分别按照实验室检查、疗效及误诊原因进行回顾性分析。结果在所有再障患儿中,误诊为ITP者占16%,在被诊断为ITP时:(1)多数患儿已经出现明显的外周血二系或三系下降,而并非单纯血小板减少。(2)5例患儿行骨髓检查,但结果并不符合ITP骨髓象。(3)绝大部分患儿未进行必要的血小板抗体检查,或检查结果并不典型。(4)按ITP进行糖皮质激素和大剂量免疫球蛋白治疗,疗效欠佳,未能进一步检查以核实诊断。(5)所有患儿均不符合ITP诊断标准,经过进一步检查均符合再障诊断标准。经抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、环胞素A和雄性激素等治疗后,参照再障疗效标准,总有效率和显效率分别为75%和62%。结论再障和ITP均存在明显的血小板减少和出血倾向,ITP发病率明显高于再障,临床容易发生误诊。因此,临床上发现血小板降低,在考虑ITP诊断时,必须同时考虑可导致血小板减少的其他疾病的可能性,严格参照中华医学会制定的"再生障碍性贫血诊断标准"和"特发性血小板减少性紫癜诊断标准",以明确诊断和进行必要的鉴别诊断。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因多态性与儿童获得性再生障碍性贫血易感性关系的初步研究

目的 探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(Glutathione S transferases,GST)基因多态性与儿童再生障碍性贫血(AA)易感性的关系.方法 选择本院2005年6月-2008年6月确诊的42例初诊AA患儿,对照组选择68例保健门诊查体儿童,分别抽取骨髓及外周血2 mL,用淋巴细胞分离液提取单个核细胞,储存于-49...     

G-CSF动员的骨髓及外周血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

采用G CSF动员的骨髓以及外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血 (SAA)。共有 10例重型再生障碍性贫血患者接受了G CSF动员的骨髓以及外周血造血干细胞移植 ,回顾性分析植入情况、植入速度及急慢性移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)发生率等。所有患者移植后均获得造血重建。中性粒细胞计数 (ANC) >0 5× 10 9L- 1 的中位时间为 13 2d(8～ 18) ,血小板 >2 0× 10 9L- 1 的中位时间为 2 2 2d(10～ 10 8)。 8例获得异体植入的患者中 3例发生Ⅰ Ⅱ度皮肤急性GVHD ,发生 5例慢性GVHD。至随访截止 ,中位随访 775d(2 10～ 14 2 9) ,所有 10例患者均无病存活(DFS)。因此我们认为G CSF动员的骨髓及外周血干细胞移植是治疗SAA的有效方法 ,可获得快速、持久植入 ,而不增加急性和慢性GVHD的发生率。     

Morphological differentiation of severe aplastic anaemia from hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood: reproducibility of histopathological diagnostic criteria

Baumann I, Führer M, Behrendt S, Campr V, Csomor J, Furlan I, de Haas V, Kerndrup G, Leguit R J, De Paepe P, Noellke P, Niemeyer C & Schwarz S
(2012) Histopathology  61, 10–17 Morphological differentiation of severe aplastic anaemia from hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood: reproducibility of histopathological diagnostic criteria Aims: To evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of the histomorphological criteria differentiating severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) and hypoplastic refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC), the most frequently acquired hypocellular bone marrow conditions of childhood. Methods and results: We performed a double‐blind interobserver study of 100 different cases of SAA and RCC among seven haematopathologists of the European Working Group of MDS in Childhood (EWOG‐MDS) and the German SAA study. Cases with foci of typical myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) morphology, such as patchy erythropoiesis with defective maturation, in an otherwise highly hypocellular or adipocytic bone marrow were classified as having RCC. Bone marrow samples without a patchy distribution, few scattered myeloid cells or haematopoietic aplasia were diagnosed as SAA. In only four of 100 cases did the reference pathologists not reach agreement regarding classification as SAA or RCC. The kappa index was 0.79. Conclusions: Our results show that the vast majority of SAA and RCC cases can be reliably differentiated by morphological means alone. A clear differentiation between SAA and RCC at presentation is mandatory for optimizing therapy strategies, and might be responsible for the fact that, in the German childhood SAA study, the probability of developing clonal disease after immunosuppressive therapy has dropped to 3%.     

病毒性肝炎合并再生障碍性贫血的临床研究

目的 研究病毒性肝炎合并再生障碍性贫血的临床特征,探讨这类疾病的临床转归及治疗方法。方法 对2004年4月至2009年9月在地坛医院住院诊断为病毒性肝炎并且合并再生障碍性贫血的25例患者进行回顾性分析,本组病例中再生障碍性贫血诊断均通过骨穿确诊,收集患者的临床资料,包括肝病病史、药物过敏史、住院期间用药史、生化检查等等,对其进行描述性分析。结果 25例病毒性肝炎患者在经组织病理学诊断同时合并再生障碍性贫血,其中17例为男性,8例为女性;12例为慢性乙型肝炎患者,4例为慢性丙型肝炎患者,l例为急性戊型肝炎患者,l例为巨细胞病毒感染所致肝炎,7例为未分型病毒性肝炎患者,7例诊断为重型肝炎;仅有3例患者在入院前有干扰素短期使用史,其余患者未使用影响血象药物;治疗过程中使用集落细胞细胞刺激因子者6例,使用丙种球蛋白者9例,使用糖皮质激素者3例,使用促红素者1例,仅用口服药物升血细胞治疗者2例,输红细胞者6例,输血小板者2例;好转出院者20例,自动出院者3例,因重型肝炎其他合并症死亡者2例。结论 病毒性肝炎合并再生障碍性贫血的治疗以治疗原发性肝病及核苷类似物抗病毒治疗为主,血液病方面对症支持治疗,随肝病好转血液病逐渐同时恢复,预后较好。