颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水的系统评价

目的系统评价颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率。方法以脑积水、夹闭、介入、栓塞、颅内动脉瘤、脑动脉瘤、蛛网膜下腔出血/蛛网膜下隙出血,以及hydrocephalus、shunt、clipping、coiling、surgical、endovascular、embolization、treatment、intracranial aneurysm、cerebral aneurysm、subarachnoid hemorrhage等中英文词组,计算机检索1990年1月-2015年9月美国国立医学图书馆生物医学信息检索系统、荷兰医学文摘、Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、中国知网中国知识基础设施工程、万方数据库,辅助手工检索《中华神经外科杂志》、《中国现代神经疾病杂志》和《中国脑血管病杂志》等相关杂志,查阅关于颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率的临床研究。采用Jadad量表和Newcastle-Ottawa量表评价文献质量,Rev Man 5.3和Stata 13.1统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共获得731篇文献,经剔除重复和不符合纳入标准者,最终纳入18项临床试验共计15 920例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者,行夹闭术者10 038例、行栓塞术5882例。Meta分析显示:两种治疗方式术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.860,95%CI:0.720~1.030;P=0.110);分析结果的稳定性较差,但不存在发表偏倚(Egger法:P=0.795)。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著差异,但尚待进一步的高质量临床研究加以证实。     

颅内段椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法。方法回顾性分析本手术组2006年1月~2014年5月间接诊的41例椎动脉夹层动脉瘤病例,其中35例分别采用了3种不同的血管内治疗技术,另6例进行了随诊观察。结果 41例均获得随访,时间为3~18个月。其中1例行支架辅助弹簧圈治疗的病人复发,2例未治疗的病人动脉瘤增大。结论治疗组和观察组做统计学分析(P0.01),血管内治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种较为安全、可靠的方法,根据动脉瘤的形态、与小脑后下动脉的关系及对侧椎动脉的发育情况等因素来选择不同的血管内治疗。     

Hallazgos de angiografía por tomografía computarizada de la mediólisis arterial segmentaria

ObjectiveTo review the principal findings on computed tomography angiography for segmental arterial mediolysis, and to emphasize the points that help to differentiate it from other vasculopathies such as vasculitis. We also review the protocols for follow-up and the various treatment options.ConclusionSegmental arterial mediolysis is a rare disease that is defined as a non-atherosclerotic, non-hereditary, and non-inflammatory vasculopathy characterized by lysis of the medial layer of the arterial wall. It should be suspected in middle-aged patients with aneurysms, dissections, or spontaneous ruptures of visceral arteries of unknown etiology who do not fulfill the clinical and laboratory criteria for vasculitis. The arteries of the abdominal organs are the most commonly affected, including the arteries of the celiac trunk and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Radiologically, segmental arterial mediolysis can present as arterial dilation; single or multiple, saccular or fusiform aneurysms; stenoses; or dissections.     

Pulsation-pressure relationship in experimental aneurysms: Observation of aneurysmal hysteresis

Abstract

In this study the pulsation-pressure relationship in an experimental model of aneurysms was analyzed. In addition, we have examined pulsatility of the aneurysmal wall reinforced by Cuglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC). Bifurcation (BAn), aneurysms (LAn) and bilobar (BiA) aneurysms were produced in 15 mongrel dogs. The aneurysmal dome was constructed from a segment of the external jugular vein which was sutured to the window performed on the' apex of bifurcation of the ECA and lingual artery (BAn) or,on the ECA (LAn). One set of the GDC (diameter 5 mm, length 20 cm) were inserted into the aneurysm. Intra- aneurysmal pressure> aneurysmal pulsation, ECG and femoral artery pressure were recorded. Results showed that an experimental aneurysm pulsates in synchrony with the intraaneurysmal pressure and aneurysmal pulsation is proportional to the aneurysmal size. Pulsation profile also depends on the aneurysmal type (BAn, LAn, BiA). The looped pressure-pulsation curve indicates that aneurysms exhibit property of hysteresis. For the same pressure the aneurysm is smaller during the ascending (systolic) portion of the blood pressure wave. Insertion of catheter into the aneurysm and subsequent release of the GDC did not elicit any measurable changes of the intraaneurysmal pressure. Aneurysm reinforced by GDC showed smaller pulsation and the hysteresis was reduced as well. It was concluded that aneurysmal hysteresis could be an important factor resulting in degeneration of aneurysmal wall since it is known that hysteresis accelerates degeneration of all fibrous elements, predominantly of elastic fibers. GDC seems to buffer the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic forces and hence they might have a stabilizing effect on the aneurysmal wall. [Neurol Res 1996; 18: 377-382]     

Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysm

Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a highly lethal medical condition. Current management strategies for unruptured intracranial aneurysms involve radiological surveillance and neurosurgical or endovascular interventions. There is no pharmacological treatment available to decrease the risk of aneurysm rupture and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage. There is growing interest in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm focused on the development of drug therapies to decrease the incidence of aneurysm rupture. The study of rodent models of intracranial aneurysms has the potential to improve our understanding of intracranial aneurysm development and progression. This review summarizes current mouse models of intact and ruptured intracranial aneurysms and discusses the relevance of these models to human intracranial aneurysms. The article also reviews the importance of these models in investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. Finally, potential pharmaceutical targets for intracranial aneurysm suggested by previous studies are discussed. Examples of potential drug targets include matrix metalloproteinases, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, the renin‐angiotensin system and the β‐estrogen receptor. An agreed clear, precise and reproducible definition of what constitutes an aneurysm in the models would assist in their use to better understand the pathology of intracranial aneurysm and applying findings to patients.     

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a Pipeline Flex embolization device for treatment of large,wide-necked intracranial aneurysms

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of the Pipeline Flex embolization device (PFED) in the treatment of large and wide-necked aneurysms in the internal carotid artery (ICA).Methods: The clinical data of 78 cases of large and wide-necked aneurysms in the ICA treated with this Pipeline Flex embolization device in Shanghai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University and Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: A total of 66 cases were treated with a Pipeline Flex embolization device, 10 with a pipeline flex embolization device, and 2 with a double tubride stent (10 patients were treated with a pipeline stent-assisted coil embolization in; and 2 patients were treated with two pipeline stents). The patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months (average, 9.25 months). Among them, 63 cases had complete occlusion of the neck of the aneurysm (Raymondl Class I; MRS score 0; 80.8%). Aneurysms recurred in 12 cases (Raymondl Class II; MRS score 1; 15.4%). Delayed ischemic complications were observed in 1 case (MRS score >2; 0.13%). There was 1 case of poor release of stent and 1 case of stent stenosis (0.13%).Conclusion: The treatment of large, wide-necked aneurysms in the ICA with PFED has a high total occlusion rate and good prognosis was better than coil embolization, but the placement of PFED still has some neurological complications.     

Role of hemodynamics in initiation/growth of intracranial aneurysms

Background

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a disease of the vascular wall resulting in abnormal enlargement of the vessel lumen. It is a common pathology with a prevalence of 2%‐3% in the adult population. IAs are mostly small, quiescent and asymptomatic; yet, upon rupture, severe brain damage or even death is frequently encountered. In addition to clinical factors, hemodynamic forces, mainly wall shear stress (WSS), have been associated with the initiation of IAs and possibly with their risk of rupture. However, the mechanism by which WSS contributes to aneurysm growth and rupture is not completely understood.

Design

PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched. In addition, key review articles were screened for relevant original publications.

Results

Current knowledge about the relation between WSS and IA has been obtained from both computational fluid dynamic studies in patients and experimental models of IA formation and growth. It is increasingly recognized that a high wall shear stress (gradient) participates to IA formation and that both low and high WSS can drive IA growth. Primary cilia (PC) play an important role as mechanosensors as patients with polycystic kidney disease, which is characterized by the absence or dysfunction of PC, have increased risk to develop IAs as well as increased risk of rupture.

Conclusion

Wall shear stress is a key player in IA initiation and progression. It is involved in vascular wall remodelling and inflammation, processes underlying aneurysm pathophysiology.     

短期加用替罗非班在支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤中的安全性与有效性研究

目的评估支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤术中及术后24 h内,在标准双抗血小板治疗的基础上,短期应用小剂量替罗非班在降低缺血并发症方面的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾分析我中心2015年1月至2020年12月颅内未破裂梭形动脉瘤接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,并在手术过程中及术后24 h内静脉接受替罗非班（0.1 μg/kg/min）预防血小板聚集的患者资料。记录并分析围手术期并发症,动脉瘤栓塞程度及术后3个月随访时的mRS评分。 结果本研究共纳入38例患者,39枚动脉瘤,动脉瘤平均直径（6.4±2.1）mm。其中,26枚动脉瘤接受了单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,13枚动脉瘤接受了双支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗。术后即刻78.9%（30/38）的动脉瘤实现完全栓塞;在26例接受脑血管造影复查的患者中,92.3%（24/26）的患者动脉瘤实现完全闭塞。围手术期缺血并发症发生率为7.9%（3/38）;无出血并发症发生。3个月随访的良好预后率为97.4%（37/38） （mRS评分为0~1分）。 结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤术中及术后24 h内,静脉加用小剂量替罗非班未增加出血并发症。但是,由于样本量偏少,缺少对比,在降低缺血并发症方面的有效性尚需进一步证实。     

Aneurysm of a saphenous vein bypass graft associated with aneurysms of native coronary arteries

Aneurysm formation in saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts is an extremely rare complication of coronary artery bypass surgery. Aneurysms of native coronary arteries are found in a small percentage of patients at autopsy. Reported is a case with multiple coronary artery aneurysms in which a dissecting aneurysm of the saphenous vein bypass graft also developed following coronary artery bypass surgery. This is the first report of such association.