红景天苷及其类似物的合成

目的:寻找一种合成红景天苷及其类似物的新方法. 方法:以对羟基苯乙酸为原料,经乙酰化、还原、糖苷化、醇解反应合成了红景天苷及其类似物,总收率分别为63%, 67%. 结果:本实验缩短了反应步骤,提高了产率,且反应条件温和,操作简单易行. 结论:本方法合成红景天苷及其类似物切实可行.     

新精氨酸类似物对异丙肾上腺素诱导心肌细胞钙浓度改变的影响

目的 探讨新精氨酸类似物对异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导心肌细胞内游离钙变化的影响.方法 培养乳鼠心肌细胞,白介素-6(IL-6)联合内毒素(LPS)诱导心肌细胞表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS),钙离子荧光指示剂Fluo-3/AM及激光共聚焦显微镜检测精氨酸类似物对ISO诱导的心肌细胞内游离钙变化的影响.结果 IL-6联合LPS可以明显诱导心肌细胞表达iNOS,增加心肌中一氧化氮(NO)浓度;新精氨酸类似物可以降低炎症凶子刺激的心肌细胞中NO浓度,明显升高ISO诱导的心肌细胞内游离钙浓度.结论 新精氨酸类似物可以通过抑制心肌iNOS/NO途径,提高心肌对β受体激动剂的反应.     

栀子治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的:观察栀子治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的60例膝骨性关节炎患者随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组给予栀子局部外敷患膝关节,对照组给予仙灵骨葆口服治疗。于治疗前、治疗5d后行症状积分、临床疗效评价与主要症状评分。结果:治疗前两组间症状积分与主要症状评分无明显差异P>0.05;治疗5d后临床疗效有统计学意义P<0.05;治疗5d后两组间症状积分与主要症状改善有显著统计学意义P<0.01。结论:栀子是治疗膝骨性关节炎的有效药物。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗原发性痛经的临床研究

目的 探讨星状神经节阻滞(stellate ganglion block,SGB)对原发性痛经(primary dysmenorrheal,PD)的治疗效果及其作用机制.方法 选择2007年10月-2011年6月,某医学院校护理学专业PD患者76例,采用SGB治疗.于行经前7d开始,月经来潮3d后停止,每日1次,左右交替进行,共治疗3个月经周期,即3个疗程.比较治疗开始前上次月经来潮24h内(T0)、第1疗程月经来潮24h内(T1)、第2疗程月经来潮24 h内(T2)、第3疗程月经来潮24h内(T3)、第3疗程结束后3个月月经来潮24 h内(T4)的视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)评分,睡眠影响指数(sleep interference scale,SIS)变化,同时于以上各时点静脉采血,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清前列腺素F2α(prostaglandin F2α,PGF2α)浓度、前列腺素F2α/前列腺素E2(prostaglandin F2α/prostaglandin E2,PGF2α/PGE2)比值.结果 T1、T2、T3、T4 VAS分别为(1.83±0.52)、(1.48±0.21)、(1.25±0.14)、(1.30±0.25),与T0(6.35±1.42)比较,明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).T1、T2、T3、T4 SIS分别为(1.52±0.41)、(1.40±0.22)、(1.12±0.11)、(1.33±0.24),与T0(6.55±1.32)比较,明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).T1、T2、T3、T4血清PGF2α分别为(5.1±1.1)、(4.9±1.2)、(4.8±1.6)、(4.9±1.7)μg/L,与T0(15.3 ±2.1)μg/L比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).T1、T2、T3、T4血清PGF2α/PGE2比值分别为(2.1±1.3)、(1.9±1.4)、(1.8±1.1)、(2.1±1.3),与T0(5.2±1.6)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 SGB治疗PD,具有降低疼痛、改善睡眠的临床效果,疗效相对稳定,其作用机制可能与SGB降低经期血清PGF2α浓度、PGF2α/PGE2比值有关.     

Simple and effective local anesthesia for transperineal extended prostate biopsy: Application to three-dimensional 26-core biopsy

Abstract:   We developed a local anesthetic procedure for three-dimensional 26-core prostate biopsy (3D26PBx), a combination of transperineal 14-core biopsy (TP14PBx) and transrectal 12-core biopsy (TR12PBx). At first, a periapical triangle, confined by the levator ani, the rhabdosphincter and the external anal sphincter muscle, was made visible by transrectal ultrasound. After administration of 1 mL of 1%-lidocaine into the midline perineal skin 1.5 cm above the anus, we inserted a spinal needle toward the periapical triangle for injection of 1.5–2.0 mL of 1%-lidocaine and performed the TP14PBx. After administration of the periprostatic nerve block with 10 mL of 1%-lidocaine, we performed the TR12PBx. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated prospectively in 45 consecutive men undergoing the 3D26PBx. The 3D26PBx was completed with just local anesthesia in all patients. The pain levels, assessed by an 11-point visual analog scale, were not different between the TP14PBx and the TR12PBx.     

Behavioral effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin in squirrel monkeys.

The effects of D-Ala2-beta-endorphin administered either intravenously (IV) or intracisternally (IC) in squirrel monkeys were tested using a number of behavioral measures: general activity, eating, social behavior, aggression/distress, analgesia, and startle/escape. There were 10 groups (N = 5) consisting of 4 dose levels administered IC (0.4, 40, 400 microgram/kg) and 6 dose levels injected IV (0, 4, 40, 80, 400, 800 microgram/kg). Every monkey was tested with all tasks on each of 5 identical repeated trials, one pre-injection baseline trial and 4 post-injection trials. After IC administration, the 2 largest doses exerted toxic effects, which were partially reversed with naloxone, producing in 2 cases muscular rigidity and profound sedation. The smaller 4 microgram/kg dose produced significant decreases in activity over trials but increased reactivity to noxious stimulation after the initial post-injection trial. With IV injection reliable changes in activity and approach to food were found. The results demonstrate significant behavioral effects of an endorphin analog in the squirrel monkeys after both central and peripheral injection.     

Low-level laser therapy and myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common reason for pain and limited function of the masticatory system. The effects of low-level lasers (LLLs) for controlling the discomfort of patients are investigated frequently. However, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a particular source producing 660 nm and 890 nm wavelengths that was recommended to reduce of the pain in the masticatory muscles. This was a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Sixteen MPDS patients were randomly divided into two groups. For the laser group, two diode laser probes (660 nm (nanometers), 6.2 J/cm², 6 min, continuous wave, and 890 nm, 1 J/cm² (joules per square centimetre), 10 min, 1,500 Hz (Hertz)) were used on the painful muscles. For the control group, the treatment was similar, but the patients were not irradiated. Treatment was given twice a week for 3 weeks. The amount of patient pain was recorded at four time periods (before and immediately after treatment, 1 week after, and on the day of complete pain relief). A visual analog scale (VAS) was selected as the method of pain measurement. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the t-test and the paired t-test were used to analyze the data. In each group the reduction of pain before and after the treatment was meaningful, but, between the two groups, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was more effective (P = 0.031) According to this study, this type of LLLT was the effective treatment for pain reduction in MPDS patients.     

The mechanism of polyamine analog-induced enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity in the U-251 MG human malignant glioma cell line

Purpose: During the last decade, several polyamine analogs have been developed as antineoplastic agents that replace intracellular polyamines but cannot mimic the biological functions of polyamines related to cell growth. It has been shown that pretreatment of several human brain tumor cell lines with some of these polyamine analogs increases the cytotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP). It has also been established that some of these polyamine analogs affect chromatin organization. In the study reported here we attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which polyamine analog-induced changes in DNA and chromatin structure may increase CDDP cytotoxicity. Methods: We studied the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of the nuclei and measured the amount of platinum incorporated into the nucleosomal and linker regions of chromatin isolated from CDDP-treated U-251 MG human malignant brain tumor cells with or without pretreatment with two cytotoxic polyamine analogs 1,11-bis(ethylamino)-4,8-diazaundecane (BE-3-3-3) and 1,19-bis(ethylamino)-5,10,15-diazanonadecane (BE-4-4-4-4). Results: The pretreatment with the polyamine analogs decreased the MNase sensitivity and increased the incorporation of CDDP preferentially into the linker region of the chromatin. Conclusions: Pretreatment of cells with polyamine analogs probably alters the structure and/or the organization of the linker region such that more CDDP incorporates into the linker DNA. This is probably the reason for the observed enhancement of CDDP cytotoxicity in the polyamine analog-pretreated cells. Received: 10 March 1997 / Accepted: 14 July 1997